How is the capacity to carry a signal in a cable measured?
Click to see answer
The capacity to carry the signal in a cable is measured as frequency.
Click to see question
How is the capacity to carry a signal in a cable measured?
The capacity to carry the signal in a cable is measured as frequency.
What does an APC connector look like?
An APC connector has a perfectly cut angle.
How many devices can theoretically be connected through chained USB hubs?
Up to 127 devices.
What type of cable is needed to connect two CSU/DSU devices back-to-back?
A T1 crossover cable.
What is the frequency rating of Cat 6 UTP cable?
250 MHz
How many pairs of wires does an RJ-45 connector have?
Four pairs (eight wires)
How can you visually distinguish between an APC and a UPC connector?
A green connector indicates an APC finish, while a blue connector indicates a UPC finish.
What is the standard for running 100-megabit Ethernet over two pairs of UTP cables?
Category 5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, and 8 UTP.
What is shown in Figure 3.19?
A USB plug.
What are the different types of wiring standards available for Ethernet cabling?
T568A, T568B, Straight-through, Crossover, Rolled/rollover
What is the primary focus of Chapter 4 in the context of networking?
The primary focus is on understanding Ethernet, Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, and various Ethernet specifications.
When did Cat 6 become a standard?
June 2002
What is Fibre Channel (FC)?
Fibre Channel (FC) is a very high-speed data transfer protocol that usually runs at speeds of 2 Gbps, 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, 16 Gbps, and 32 Gbps. It delivers raw black data in order and lossless, and connects data storage called storage area networks (SANs).
What type of cabling is recommended for new network installations in new buildings?
Category 6 UTP cabling and running fiber runs between floors
What is the main difference between APC and UPC finishes on fiber-optic connectors?
APC has an angled cut, while UPC has a perfectly straight cut.
What type of cable is created by using T568A on one end and T568B on the other?
A crossover cable.
What is the best use case for Cat 6 cables?
Cat 6 cables are best used when connecting floors of a building due to their thicker cables and more twists.
What is the main use of RJ-45 connectors?
RJ-45 is mainly used in LANs with short distances (typically up to 100 meters).
What factors can network administrators control by choosing different types of cables or fibers?
Network administrators can control the speed of a network based on the type of cable or fiber and the network it is installed in.
What is the purpose of devices that accept both single-mode and multimode fiber connectors?
They convert the signals between single-mode and multimode fiber.
What tool can you use to determine if a cable is a straight-through or crossover cable?
A cable tester.
What is the main distribution frame (MDF) used for?
The MDF is a wiring point generally used as a reference point for telephone lines and is considered the WAN termination point.
Which cable categories should you consider for future-proofing your network?
You should consider Cat 7 and Cat 8 for future-proofing your network.
Which pins are swapped in a T1 crossover cable?
Pins 1, 2, 4, and 5 are connected to 4, 5, 1, and 2, respectively.
What is an FC connector and where is it commonly used?
The FC connector, also known as the field assembly connector or ferrule connector, is used in telecommunications and measurement equipment with single-mode lasers. It has a screw mechanism instead of a BNC connector.
What does UPC stand for in the context of fiber-optic connectors?
Ultra Physical Contact
What is the main difference between half-duplex and full-duplex communication?
In half-duplex communication, a device can either send or receive communication, but not both at the same time. In full-duplex communication, both devices can send and receive communication simultaneously.
What type of cable is used for the connection between switches?
A crossover cable.
What is a challenge of using Cat 6 cables with a 110 block?
The size of the Cat 6 wiring makes it difficult to use with a 110 block.
What is a potential security concern associated with the magnetic current created by electrons pushed through wires?
The magnetic current can allow people to read the message in the wire without cutting it or removing the insulation, a practice known as tapping the wire.
What is a major concern when running copper cables near sources of magnetism?
Copper cables can take on additional current if they're near any source of magnetism, leading to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
What is a key benefit of small form factor (SFF) fiber-optic connectors?
They allow more fiber-optic terminations in the same amount of space than standard-sized connectors.
What was the cable connecting?
The cable was connecting two network devices, such as a computer to a switch or router.
What is a unique feature of a BIX block?
A BIX block has a slip-in fitting that does not require pre-stripped wires.
What is the main difference between T568A and T568B wiring standards?
The position of four wires on one side of the cable.
What is shown in Figure 3.24?
An inexpensive cable tester.
What does APC stand for in the context of fiber-optic connectors?
Angled Physical Contact
What are MAC addresses and how are they utilized in networking?
MAC addresses are unique identifiers used at the Data Link layer to ensure data is sent to the correct device on an Ethernet LAN.
What will be covered in addition to the basics of Ethernet in this chapter?
The chapter will cover the protocols used with Ethernet at the Data Link layer and various Ethernet specifications.
How many twisted wire pairs does Cat 6 UTP cable have?
Four twisted wire pairs (eight wires)
Describe the physical characteristic of an SC connector.
An SC connector is a square connector with a floating ferrule that contains the fiber-optic cable.
Where is the intermediate distribution frame (IDF) typically located?
The IDF is typically located in an equipment or telecommunications room.
Is the cable a straight-through or crossover cable?
By comparing the color codes on both ends of the cable, you can determine if it is a straight-through or crossover cable.
What is the maximum frequency and transmission bandwidth for Cat 5e cable?
Cat 5e cable is tested to 100 MHz maximum frequency and can run 1 Gbps signals for relatively short distances.
In the T568A standard, which pins does the orange pair connect to?
Pins 3 and 6
What type of connector is shown in Figure 3.27 with a T1 crossover cable?
An RJ-45 connector.
For what type of connection is RJ-48c wiring typically used?
RJ-48c wiring is typically used with a T1 connection, which is a long-distance wide area network (WAN).
What type of cable is used between the switches to allow host A to ping host B?
A crossover cable is used to connect the two switches.
What does Figure 3.5 show in relation to RJ-45 connectors?
The pin-outs used in a typical RJ-45 connector
What is another name for the SC connector?
The SC connector is also known as the subscriber or square connector.
What is the purpose of the intermediate distribution frame (IDF)?
The IDF is connected to the MDF and is used to provide greater flexibility for the distribution of all the communications lines to the building.
What type of cable is used for a console connection?
A rolled cable.
Why can't the LC connector be disassembled like the SC connector?
The LC connector cannot be disassembled like the SC connector, so transmit and receive fiber lines cannot be swapped side to side.
What is crosstalk in the context of UTP cables?
Crosstalk is interference caused by electromagnetic signals conducted on copper wires in close proximity.
What tool is used to attach RJ connectors to a cable?
A crimper is used to attach RJ connectors to a cable.
What is the purpose of the plastic clip on the SC connector?
The plastic clip holds the transmit and receive cables secure for insertion and allows for disassembly to swap transmit and receive cables.
What is the main difference between crimping tools for RJ and BNC connectors?
The die that holds the connector is a different shape.
What are the common types of cables used in today's networks?
Twisted-pair cable and fiber-optic cable are very common, while coaxial cable is rarely used except for cable modems.
What is a demarc extension?
A demarc extension is the length of copper or fiber that begins after the demarc but still doesn't reach up to your office.
What is another name for a 25-pair cable?
Feeder cable.
How many wires are used in a rolled cable to connect serial devices?
Eight wires are used in a rolled cable to connect serial devices, although not all eight are used to send information.
Which connectors are used with twisted-pair cables for voice and data?
RJ-11 connectors are used for voice and RJ-45 connectors are used for data.
What does the 'B' in DB-25 stand for?
The 'B' in DB-25 describes the shell size of the connector.
Why do we use different types of cables in a network?
Each type of cable has its own properties that make it the best to use for a particular area or purpose, varying in transmission speeds, distance, duplex, noise immunity, and frequency.
What is the main difference in light reflection between UPC and APC connectors?
With UPC, light is reflected back down to the core of the fiber cable causing a return loss, while APC causes less decibel loss because the light reflects into the cladding.
What is the result of using T568A on both ends of an Ethernet cable?
A straight-through cable.
What does the LC connector resemble and why is it popular?
The LC connector resembles an RJ-style connector and is popular due to its small size, allowing for greater port density on a switch.
Why is full-duplex communication more efficient than half-duplex?
Full-duplex communication is more efficient because it allows both devices to send and receive communication at the same time, effectively doubling the throughput.
Why is the choice between APC and UPC finishes important for network performance?
The choice can significantly affect optical decibel loss and overall network performance.
Why is it important to label a crossover cable?
To prevent it from being mistakenly used as a workstation patch cable, which would prevent communication with the hub and the rest of the network.
What is the difference between FC transceivers and Ethernet optical modules?
FC transceivers use the Fibre Channel protocol, which does not follow the OSI model, while Ethernet optical modules use the IEEE 802.3 standard for packet-based physical communication in a LAN.
What type of connectors does UTP typically use?
UTP typically uses RJ connectors.
What is the challenge when users who need to share network resources are not located in the same office area?
The challenge is to connect the sometimes large number of relevant networks so all users can share the networks' wealth.
Why is single-mode fiber-optic cable used for long distances?
It can transmit data up to 90 times farther than multimode fiber at a faster rate, spanning 40 to 80 kilometers depending on the transceiver.
Who originally designed the Straight Tip (ST) connector for fiber-optic cables?
AT&T
What is a rolled Ethernet cable used for?
A rolled Ethernet cable is used to connect a host EIA-TIA 232 interface to a router console serial communication (COM) port.
What type of fiber is the Straight Tip (ST) connector commonly used with?
Single-mode fiber (SMF)
Which pins do the orange pair connect to in the T568B standard?
The orange pair connects to pins 1 and 2 in the T568B standard.
What type of connector is typically found on RS-232 cables?
DB-9 connector.
Which pins do the green pair connect to in the T568B standard?
The green pair connects to pins 3 and 6 in the T568B standard.
What modern interfaces have largely replaced RS-232 connectors on laptops?
USB and USB-C.
What type of cable is used if a T1 connection is built into the router?
An Ethernet cable.
How many wires does an RJ-11 connector use?
Four wires
What is the main difference between the wiring of RJ-45 and RJ-48c connectors?
RJ-45 uses unshielded wiring, whereas RJ-48c typically uses shielded wiring to protect the signal.
How many wire pairs are used in 1000BaseT UTP wiring?
Four wire pairs.
What is the main difference between 10BaseT/100BaseT and 1000BaseT UTP wiring?
1000BaseT UTP wiring uses four wire pairs and more advanced electronics to allow simultaneous transmission on all pairs.
What type of cable is it, and what EIA/TIA 568 wiring code does it use?
The type of cable and the EIA/TIA 568 wiring code used can be determined by inspecting the color codes of the wires inside the cable.
What are the disadvantages of fiber-optic cable?
It's difficult to install, more expensive than twisted-pair, and harder to troubleshoot with more expensive equipment.
What are the typical transmission speeds in the distribution and access areas where users connect to switches?
100/1000 Mbps per connection.
Why is UTP cable the most common type of cabling today?
It's cheaper than other types of cabling, easy to work with, and allows transmission rates that were impossible 10 years ago.
How are bits transmitted in serial communication?
Bits are sent one after another onto the wire or fiber and interpreted individually by a network card or interface on the other end.
What should you ensure when aiming for data rates faster than 100 Mbps over UTP?
Ensure that all components are rated to deliver the desired data rates and handle all components carefully.
What does RS-232 stand for?
Recommended Standard 232.
What domains does a network connected to a hub using an Ethernet connection constitute?
One collision domain and one broadcast domain.
What type of connector is typically used with coaxial cables?
BNC connectors are typically used with coaxial cables.
How many wire pairs does an RJ-11 connector use?
RJ-11 uses two wire pairs.
What devices can be connected using a crossover cable?
Switch to switch, Hub to hub, Host to host, Hub to switch, Router direct to host
What is the main difference between a 66 block and a 110 block?
A 66 block is used for old analog telephone connections, while a 110 block is used for both telephone wire installations and computer networking.
What is a bidirectional fiber-optic cable?
A bidirectional fiber-optic cable is capable of transmitting data in both directions simultaneously.
Why is multimode fiber-optic cable (MMF) most often used within a smaller area of one building?
Because beyond medium distances (up to about 3,000 feet), MMF can be really inconsistent.
What determines the type of cable used to connect a router to a CSU/DSU?
The type of cable used to connect a router to a CSU/DSU depends on the interface types available on the router.
How is bidirectional communication achieved over a single strand of fiber?
Bidirectional communication is achieved by separating the transmission wavelength of the two devices.
What type of cable is created when the green-white, green, orange-white, and orange wires are connected to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 on both sides?
A straight-through cable.
What are the designations for Ethernet running at 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps over fiber-optic cable?
10BaseFL for 10 Mbps and 100BaseFX for 100 Mbps.
What types of devices are commonly connected via USB?
Common devices connected via USB include printers, scanners, keyboards, joysticks, and mice.
What is the purpose of the MPO connector in a network switch?
The MPO connector provides a single interface from a fiber distribution panel to multiple transceivers in a network switch.
What does the 'X' in Ethernet cable types represent?
The 'X' is a unique identifier for a specific Ethernet cabling scheme.
What type of cable is depicted in Figure 3.25?
UTP gigabit crossover Ethernet cable.
Why are the wires inside a network cable twisted together?
The wires are twisted together to prevent crosstalk, EMI, and tapping.
What type of mechanism does an FC connector use?
An FC connector uses a screw mechanism.
What is the primary use of Fibre Channel in modern enterprises?
Fibre Channel is commonly used as a connection type in an enterprise's storage area network (SAN).
What type of device converts digital signals from optical to coaxial?
A device that accepts a fiber connector and a coaxial connector.
What are the advantages of fiber-optic cable?
It's completely immune to EMI and RFI and can transmit up to 40 kilometers (about 25 miles).
What transmission speeds are typically permitted in the core areas of networks?
Up to 10 Gbps or higher.
What can you use a crossover cable for when carrying it in your tool bag?
To connect your laptop directly to a server to ensure the server's NIC is functioning correctly.
How many cable pairs can a BIX block terminate?
A BIX block can terminate up to 25 cable pairs.
What type of cable is used for the connection between hosts and switches?
A straight-through cable.
Name three popular versions of small form factor (SFF) fiber-optic connectors.
Mechanical transfer registered jack (MT-RJ or MTRJ), local connector (LC), and multi-fiber push on (MPO).
What is an example of a parallel cable that has been mostly replaced by USB?
An older Centronics printer cable.
Who designed the mechanical transfer registered jack (MT-RJ or MTRJ) fiber-optic connector?
AMP.
What is the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex communication?
Half-duplex allows devices to 'talk' or 'listen' one at a time, while full-duplex allows them to do both simultaneously.
What should not be used in today's network environments?
Any category below 5e.
What is a 66 block used for?
It is used for old analog telephone connections and utilizes 25-pair cables.
What is a unidirectional fiber-optic cable?
A unidirectional fiber-optic cable can only transmit data in one direction, either from the source to the destination or vice versa.
What is the significance of a 3 dB increase in near-end crosstalk noise reduction?
3 dB equals a 100 percent increase in near-end crosstalk noise reduction.
How many pairs of wires does Gigabit Ethernet over UTP require to be in good condition?
Gigabit Ethernet over UTP requires that all four pairs (eight wires) be in good condition.
What types of connections can be found on a 110 block?
RJ-11 (for phone) or RJ-45 (for network) connections.
Which connector was commonly used for RS-232 devices?
The DB-25 connector was commonly used for RS-232 devices.
What is the maximum distance UTP cables can run according to standards?
328 feet.
Why might you choose fiber optic cable over copper for high-security applications?
Fiber optic cable doesn't create a readable magnetic field.
How many wires are used in a straight-through cable to connect 10/100 Ethernet devices?
Four wires are used in a straight-through cable to connect 10/100 Ethernet devices.
What data rates can the MPO connector support for each connection?
The MPO connector can support 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps for each connection.
What does the 'N' in Ethernet cable types represent?
The 'N' refers to the signaling rate in megabits per second.
What is a fiber to coaxial media converter used for?
It is used to convert fiber optic signals to coaxial signals.
On what types of optic cables is the LC connector commonly found?
The LC connector is commonly found on multimode fiber (MMF) and single-mode fiber (SMF) optic cables.
What are the two wiring standards commonly used in network jacks?
T568A and T568B
Why are fiber-optic cables harder to tap compared to STP wires?
Fiber-optic cables carry signals as light on a glass or pure plastic strand, which is not susceptible to magnetic flux, making them harder to tap.
Why are the wires in UTP cables twisted?
Twisting two wires together as a pair minimizes interference and protects against interference from outside sources.
What type of cable is used for the connection from the router to the switch?
A straight-through cable.
How do FC switches operate in a Fibre Channel network?
FC switches create a large, switched fabric and operate in unison as one big switch.
For what application is Cat 6 UTP cable typically used?
1000BaseTX (two pair wiring)
Which color pair is used for pins 1 and 2 in the T568A standard?
The green pair
What type of device converts the signal from Ethernet to single-mode fiber?
A device that accepts a fiber connector and an Ethernet connector to convert the signal from Ethernet to single-mode fiber.
What type of device converts the signal from Ethernet to multimode fiber?
A device that accepts a fiber connector and an Ethernet connector to convert the signal from Ethernet to multimode fiber.
What type of network is depicted in Figure 4.1?
A primary LAN network connected using an Ethernet connection to a hub.
What is a 25-pair cable primarily used for?
It is primarily used for telephone cabling, especially for backbone and cross-connect cables.
Why is Category 5e cable suitable for Gigabit Ethernet?
It can handle the disturbance on each pair caused by transmitting on all four pairs simultaneously, which is needed for Gigabit Ethernet.
What is a Krone block?
A Krone block is a proprietary European variant of the 110 block that is compatible and can be used interchangeably with it.
What has driven the exponential growth of networks and networking over the last 20 years?
The need to keep up with huge increases in basic mission-critical user needs ranging from sharing data and printers to more advanced demands like videoconferencing.
What is the primary difference between serial and parallel communication in network communications?
In serial communication, bits are sent one after another and interpreted individually, whereas in parallel communication, bits are sent in groups and must be read together.
For what applications is the LC connector especially popular?
The LC connector is especially popular for use with Fibre Channel adapters (FCs), fast storage area networks, and Gigabit Ethernet adapters.
What is single-mode fiber-optic cable (SMF)?
SMF is a high-speed, long-distance media consisting of a single strand of glass fiber that carries signals. It uses LEDs and lasers as light sources.
What is the maximum frequency for Cat 6 cable?
Cat 6 cable has a maximum frequency of 250 MHz.
What is the demarc (demarcation) point in a network?
The demarc is the last point of responsibility for the service provider, often located at the MDF in a building, and usually just an RJ-45 jack that connects the CSU/DSU from the router to WAN connections.
What is the maximum frequency that Category 6A cables are characterized to?
500 MHz
What precautions should be taken when installing single-mode fiber-optic cable?
The cable should not be crimped or pinched around tight corners despite outer layers protecting the glass core.
What happens if you yank on Cat 5e cable?
It will stretch the number of twists inside the jacket, rendering the Cat 5e label on the outside of the cable invalid.
What type of fiber-optic cable disperses light on numerous paths and is typically used within a single building?
Multimode fiber-optic cable (MMF)
List two benefits of the MT-RJ fiber-optic connector.
Small size and TX and RX strands in one connector.
How does Category 5e cable reduce crosstalk?
The four wire pairs are twisted to reduce crosstalk.
How many wire pairs does an RJ-45 connector use?
RJ-45 uses four wire pairs.
How are the pins connected in a crossover cable?
Pins 1 to 3 and 2 to 6 on each side of the cable.
What is attenuation in the context of network communication?
The degradation of a signal due to the medium itself and the distance signals have to travel.
What is Category 1 UTP cable used for?
Category 1 UTP cable is used for voice communication and is referred to as plain old telephone service (POTS).
What is the recommended use for Category 5e (Enhanced) cable?
It is recommended for 1000BaseT (four pair wiring) and rated for 100 MHz.
What is the maximum segment length for twisted-pair cable to avoid significant attenuation?
328 feet (100 meters).
What nickname do installers often use for the SC connector?
Installers often refer to the SC connector as 'Square Charlie.'
What is a notable feature of the MT-RJ fiber-optic connector compared to SC and ST connectors?
It is only one-third the size of the SC and ST connectors.
In which type of installations is the SC connector most popular?
The SC connector is most popular in MMF (Multimode Fiber) installations.
What is the locking mechanism used by the Straight Tip (ST) connector?
Bayonet-style mechanism
What feature do newer standards like Cat 7 and Cat 8 have to prevent stretching problems?
Newer standards like Cat 7 and Cat 8 have metal shielding in the cable to prevent stretching problems.
What is a key benefit of the Straight Tip (ST) connector's locking mechanism?
It will not come loose over time because of the positive locking mechanism.
What older device might still be used for serial WAN connections in enterprises?
An older device called a CSU/DSU might still be used for serial WAN connections in enterprises.
What types of ends are used on fiber-optic cables?
Fiber-optic cables use various ends depending on their use.
What can a UTP coupler be used for besides connecting two RJ-45 connectors?
A UTP coupler can also be used to make a straight-through cable into a crossover cable, and vice versa.
What is another name for twinaxial cabling?
Twinaxial cabling is also known as twinax.
What is a transceiver?
A transceiver is a device made up of both a transmitter and a receiver, which are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing.
For what distance are twinaxial cables particularly cost-effective?
Twinaxial cables are particularly cost-effective for distances of 10 meters or less.
What are Fiber Distribution Panels (FDPs) used for?
They are termination and distribution systems for fiber-optic cable facilities.
What type of fiber is considered a serial cable type?
Multimode fiber is considered a serial cable type.
What is the maximum length for 10GBaseT using Category 6A cables?
100 meters
What is a smart jack and what are its other names?
A smart jack, also called a network interface device (NID) or network interface unit (NIU), is a special network interface owned by the PSTN, used between the service provider's network and the internal network.
Why is it important to connect all eight pins when installing new cabling for VoIP?
Voice over IP (VoIP) uses all eight pins, and it's common to have voice and data on the same wire in today's networks.
How can you make a rolled cable from a straight-through cable?
You can make a rolled cable by cutting the end off on one side of a straight-through cable, turning it over, and putting it back on with a new connector.
Which pins are used in both T568A and T568B standards?
Pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are used in both standards.
What device can be used to connect two RJ-45 connectors together?
A UTP coupler can be used to connect two RJ-45 connectors together.
What is a typical use of a crossover cable?
To connect two switches or to test communications between two workstations directly.
What additional support does Category 8 provide compared to earlier categories?
Support for 25G and 40G transmission with a distance of 30 meters.
What has mostly replaced the DB-9 connector for Cisco console cables?
The DB-9 connector has mostly been replaced by USB for Cisco console cables.
Can a crossover cable be used to connect two workstation NICs directly?
Yes, it can connect two workstation NICs or a workstation and a server NIC directly.
How does the MPO connector typically fan out?
The MPO connector typically fans out from a single connector to multiple LC connectors.
What frequency range does POTS cable support?
POTS cable supports signals limited to the 1 MHz frequency range.
What type of RJ connector is used for home Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections?
RJ-11 is used for home Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections.
How does Cat 6 cabling prevent stretching issues?
Cat 6 cabling has a plastic spine to prevent stretching issues.
What material is used to line the core of multimode fiber-optic cable to focus the light back onto it?
Cladding
What functionalities can a smart jack provide?
A smart jack can be looped for testing purposes, provide power, and handle code and protocol conversion to make the signal from the service provider usable by internal network devices like the CSU/DSU.
Up to what distance can multimode fiber-optic cable (MMF) provide high bandwidth at high speeds?
Up to about 3,000 feet
How many pins does a DB-25 connector have?
A DB-25 connector has 25 pins.
What are the applications that require the use of pins 4, 5, 7, and 8?
1000BaseT, Power over Ethernet (PoE), and specialized versions of 100 Mbps networks.
What is an advantage of the LC fiber-optic connector compared to other SFF-type connectors?
The LC fiber-optic connector is easier to terminate.
What should you do to ensure your installation is Category 5e/6/7/8-compliant?
Certify that the entire installation is Category 5e/6/7/8-compliant.
What is a significant advantage of using twinaxial cables over fiber-optic cabling?
The significant advantage is cost savings, as twinaxial cables are copper-based and cheaper than fiber-optic cabling.
How many external devices can USB connect to at maximum?
USB can connect to a maximum of 127 external devices.
What is a single-mode fiber to Ethernet media converter used for?
It is used to convert single-mode fiber signals to Ethernet signals.
What is a multimode fiber to Ethernet media converter used for?
It is used to convert multimode fiber signals to Ethernet signals.
What is the main difference between the T568A and T568B wiring standards?
The main difference is that pairs 2 and 3 (orange and green) are swapped.
What type of equipment did RS-232 cables commonly connect?
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE), such as a computer's serial port to an external modem.
What is the performance difference between EIA/TIA and ISO/IEC Cat 6A connectors in terms of NEXT transmission parameter?
An ISO/IEC Cat 6A connector provides double the power (3 dB) of a Cat 6A connector that conforms with the EIA/TIA specification.
What is the mating mechanism of the SC connector?
The SC connector operates with a push-on/pull-off mating mechanism.
Which company designed the local connector (LC) fiber-optic connector?
Lucent.
Why is the SC connector starting to be replaced in new installations?
The SC connector is larger than most modern connectors, leading to its replacement in new installations.
What Ethernet standard does Category 7 support over 100 meters of copper cabling?
10 Gigabit Ethernet
What constitutes a true Cat 5e/6/7/8 cabling system?
A true Cat 5e/6/7/8 cabling system uses rated components from end to end, including patch cables from workstation to wall panel, cable from wall panel to patch panel, and patch cables from patch panel to hub.
In what type of installations is a crossover cable used?
Ethernet UTP installations.
What should you know to be an effective and efficient network technician?
You should know the types of cables, their capacities, associated standards, the right connectors to use, and where to place them.
Who developed and licensed the multi-fiber push on (MPO) fiber-optic connector?
NTT Group.
What is the maximum distance copper cables can run without electronics regenerating the signal?
About 1,500 feet.
What is the maximum number of wire pairs a 110 block can handle?
More than 500 wire pairs.
What type of connector is used with UTP cable?
Registered Jack (RJ) connector
What is the range of fiber-optic connections provided by the MPO connector?
The MPO connector provides 2, 8, 12, or 24 fiber-optic connections in a single connector.
What does the 'L' in 10BaseFL stand for?
Link.
What is the small form-factor pluggable (SFP) used for?
The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) is a compact pluggable optical module transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communications applications.
What type of signals does fiber-optic cable transmit?
Fiber-optic cable transmits digital signals using light impulses.
What are the core materials used in fiber-optic cables?
Fiber-optic cables use either a glass or a plastic core.
What is the purpose of the cladding in a fiber-optic cable?
The cladding reflects the light back into the core.
Why might someone choose Cat 5e over Cat 5?
Cat 5e offers better performance and is often the same price as Cat 5.
What is the name of the copper connector that looks exactly like an RJ-45 connector?
The RJ-48c is the copper connector that looks exactly like an RJ-45 connector.
What is twinaxial cabling used for in a data center?
Twinaxial cabling is used for short-distance high-speed connections such as 10 and 40G Ethernet connections.
What are the two versions of multimode fiber-optic cable available?
Glass and plastic versions
What type of insert does the LC fiber-optic connector use?
The LC fiber-optic connector uses a ceramic insert.
What is the maximum number of external USB interfaces typically available on a motherboard?
The maximum number of external USB interfaces typically available on a motherboard is 4.
How is a crossover cable created in terms of pin connections?
By switching from pin 1 to pin 3 and from pin 2 to pin 6 on one side only.
What type of shielding does DAC use to increase speeds and keep communication reliable?
DAC uses electromagnetic shielding around the copper cable, similar to shielded twisted pair (SSTP).
What is the bandwidth signal capacity of Cat 5e cables?
350 MHz or beyond
What are the data rates supported by QSFP and QSFP+?
QSFP supports data rates of 4x1 Gbps, while QSFP+ supports 4x10 Gbit/s.
What is the purpose of media converters?
Media converters are used to convert from one media type to another, such as from one mode of fiber to another mode, or from fiber to Ethernet.
For what type of equipment is Category 3 cable now limited?
Telecommunication equipment
For what type of applications is multimode fiber most often used?
Multimode fiber is most often used for shorter-distance applications.
In what types of cable installations can the Straight Tip (ST) connector be found?
Both single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF) cable installations
Which standards must a cable follow to enable bidirectional communication over a single strand of fiber?
The cable must follow the EEE 802.3ah 1000BASE-BX10-D and 1000BASE-BX10-U standards.
Which wire colors are connected to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 in the T568A standard?
Green-white, green, orange-white, and orange wires are connected to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6, respectively.
Why is the plastic version of multimode fiber-optic cable preferred in some installations?
It makes installation a lot easier and increases the installation's flexibility.
What is important to know about fiber connectors in a fiber-optic installation?
The visual differences between the fiber connectors and their respective names.
What is Direct Attach Copper (DAC) cable?
DAC is a type of twinaxial cable with connectors at either end of a fixed-length ~26-28 AWG twinaxial copper cable that allows direct communication between devices over copper wire.
How should USB peripherals be connected to a PC?
USB peripherals should be connected either directly to one of the USB ports on the PC or to a USB hub connected to one of those USB ports.
What is a single-mode to multimode fiber media converter used for?
It is used to convert single-mode fiber signals to multimode fiber signals.
What is a T568A to T568A cable used for?
It is used to connect hosts to switches.
What is the function of a T1 crossover cable?
It is used to run a cable between two CSU/DSUs.
For what type of applications is single-mode fiber most often used?
Single-mode fiber is most often used for spanning longer distances.
What is the maximum data speed a 110 block can support when used with Category 6 or greater cables?
1 Gbps.
What is the purpose of a straight-through cable?
To connect a host to a switch or hub or a router to a switch or hub.
Which pins are used in a straight-through Ethernet cable for 10/100 Ethernet?
Pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 are used in a straight-through Ethernet cable for 10/100 Ethernet.
What is the minimum category of cable that should be installed today?
Cat 5e
What is the frequency limitation of Category 2 cables?
10 MHz
How many twists per foot does Category 3 cable have?
Three twists per foot
What is the frequency rating of Category 4 cables?
20 MHz
What is a potential downside of using Cat 6 cables compared to Cat 5e?
Cat 6 is slightly harder to install due to its size.
How should the pins be connected in a straight-through Ethernet cable for 10/100 Ethernet?
Connect pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, pin 3 to pin 3, and pin 6 to pin 6.
What data rates does the enhanced small form-factor pluggable (SFP+) support?
The enhanced small form-factor pluggable (SFP+) supports data rates up to 16 Gbit/s.
What does '100BaseX' indicate in Ethernet cable types?
It indicates a transmission speed of 100 megabits per second.
What was the maximum data rate supported by Category 2 cables?
4 Mbps
What is a T568A to T568B cable used for?
It is used to connect switches to switches.
For what type of network is Category 5 cable used?
100BaseTX (two pair wiring)
Can a straight-through Ethernet cable for 10/100 Ethernet be used for 1000 Mbps or greater Ethernet?
No, a straight-through Ethernet cable for 10/100 Ethernet cannot be used for 1000 Mbps or greater Ethernet.
What is the quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP) used for?
The quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for data communications applications, interfacing networking hardware to a fiber-optic cable or active or passive electrical copper connection.
Why is fiber-optic cable immune to EMI and RFI?
Because it transmits signals using light impulses rather than electricity.
What was the maximum frequency that Category 3 cables could handle?
16 MHz
What is the frequency rating of Category 5 cables?
100 MHz
What is the maximum speed that Cat 5e cables can support?
Exceed speeds of 1 Gbps
What is a T568A to T568A cable also known as?
It is also known as an Ethernet straight-through cable.
What surrounds the core in a fiber-optic cable?
The core is surrounded by a glass or plastic cladding with a different refraction index.
What is the main difference between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber?
The number of light rays (signals) they can carry.
In Ethernet cable types, what does the 'T' in '100BaseT' stand for?
The 'T' stands for twisted-pair.
Which core material in fiber-optic cables can carry signals a greater distance?
Glass can carry the signal a greater distance.
What additional layers are found in a fiber-optic cable?
A flexible plastic buffer, an armor coating (usually Kevlar), and a sheath of PVC or plenum.
What is the highest data rate supported by QSFP28?
QSFP28 supports the highest data rate of 4x28 Gbit/s, used for 100 Gbit/s links.
What is a T568A to T568B cable also known as?
It is also known as an Ethernet crossover cable.
What are some types of transceivers you should know how to identify?
SFP, QSFP, FC, and Ethernet transceivers.
