What is an example of a subfield in Geology?
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Geochemistry, geomorphology, geophysics.
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What is an example of a subfield in Geology?
Geochemistry, geomorphology, geophysics.
What recent discovery is mentioned as an application of science?
Vaccines to treat dengue infection.
What should you do if you accidentally come into contact with chemicals?
Rinse it off with plenty of water.
Why are digital thermometers widely used in clinics?
Because they can measure temperature with an accuracy up to 0.1 °C.
What should you do if a corrosive chemical contacts your skin?
Wash the affected part with lots of water.
What is a key safety measure for flammable chemicals?
Keep away from fire or heat sources.
What should you do with chemicals and apparatus after use?
Keep them in their original places.
What is the value of each division on the vernier scale?
0.01 mm.
How is the actual reading calculated from the micrometer screw gauge?
Actual reading = Reading of micrometer screw gauge - zero error.
What should you keep away from heat sources?
Highly flammable chemicals.
What does wire gauze do?
To spread heat evenly during heating.
What is the function of a burette?
To measure a fixed volume of liquid accurately.
What is the density of petrol?
0.80 g cm–3.
What method can be used to estimate the area of irregular-shaped objects?
The graph paper method.
How can a triangle be used in relation to density?
It can represent the formula that relates density, mass, and volume.
Why are S.I. units important?
To prevent problems of inconsistent units in measurement.
What is an example of a random error?
Parallax error or carelessness of the observer.
How do you calculate the volume of the stone using the water displacement method?
Final reading of volume – Initial reading of volume.
What is an example of a subfield in Chemistry?
Pharmacology, forensics, toxicology.
What are some examples of scientific innovations mentioned?
Cars, aeroplanes, telephones, and computers.
How can robots assist us in daily life?
By helping to repair electrical instruments and cleaning the house.
What is a potential issue when a child measures using fathoms?
The child's fathom may be shorter than an adult's fathom.
What is the S.I. unit for time?
Second (s).
What is the significance of hazard symbols in the laboratory?
To prevent accidents by indicating the hazardous nature of chemicals.
What must be considered to get the actual reading from a micrometer screw gauge?
Zero error.
What types of careers are related to science?
Careers related to science include roles in healthcare, engineering, research, and environmental science.
What is the formula to obtain the actual reading using vernier calipers?
Actual reading = Reading of vernier calipers – zero error.
How can systematic and random errors be minimized?
By using the right measuring instruments and techniques.
What should each group discuss after gathering their findings?
The findings gathered in their group.
What is the density of ice?
0.92 g cm–3.
What is one way to innovate using the concept of density?
Innovate objects, food, or beverages.
What is the aim of differentiating science process skills?
To understand and apply each skill in scientific investigations.
What should be done after weighing the mass of each cube?
Calculate the density of each cube using the density formula.
What is the S.I. unit for temperature?
Kelvin (K).
What method is used to determine the density of irregular objects?
Water displacement method.
Which field studies rocks, soil, and minerals?
Geology.
What is the focus of scientific investigation?
Systematic study of natural phenomena.
What medical advancements have been made due to science?
Discovery of vaccines and antibiotics helps control infectious diseases and reduces death rates.
How does a digital electronic balance improve measurement of mass?
It can read measurements of mass more accurately and precisely.
What can radioactive materials cause?
Cancer.
What type of chemical is explosive?
Hydrogen gas and butane gas.
What should you do before entering the laboratory?
Obtain permission.
What are some fields of science?
Fields of science include biology, chemistry, physics, and earth sciences.
How does the accuracy of vernier calipers compare to a ruler?
Vernier calipers are much more accurate than a ruler.
What materials are required for the measurements?
Ruler, measuring tape, thermometer, stopwatch, triple beam balance, ammeter, measuring cylinder, book, beaker, water.
How can zero error be determined in vernier calipers?
By checking when the jaws of the vernier calipers are closed.
What happens to materials that are denser than water?
They sink.
Convert 8200 g to kilograms.
8.2 kg
What is the density of mercury?
13.60 g cm–3.
List one of the twelve important science process skills.
Observing.
What is the aim of the investigation described?
To investigate the relationship between the mass and density of various solids that have the same volume.
What is the S.I. unit for length?
Metre (m).
What is the purpose of using S.I. units?
For consistency of measurement and accurate exchange of data.
How can random errors be minimized?
Take multiple readings and calculate the average.
What is the relationship between mass, volume, and density?
Density = Mass / Volume.
What is an example of a subfield in Physics?
Astrophysics.
What role do satellites play in communication?
They make communication more effective and faster.
Can you name a method that increases crop yields?
The hydroponic method.
What is the accuracy of a digital stopwatch compared to a normal stopwatch?
A digital stopwatch can measure time accurately up to 0.01 seconds, while a normal stopwatch can only measure up to 0.1 seconds.
What is the proper way to handle corrosive chemicals?
DO NOT touch them; wash skin contact with lots of water.
What instrument is used to measure electric current?
An ammeter.
What is the aim of the group activity mentioned?
To understand the implication of non-standardised units in our life.
What instrument is used to measure the volume of water?
A measuring cylinder.
What is the aim of the scientific investigation activity?
To use and handle measuring instruments correctly.
How many readings should each group take at each station?
Three readings.
What happens to materials that are less dense than water?
They float.
What is the relationship between the smallest scale value on the measuring instrument and the accuracy of the reading?
The smaller the scale value, the more accurate the reading.
How many centimeters are in 80 meters?
8000 cm
What is the first step in determining the density of a sample?
Measure the mass of the sample.
What is the significance of interpreting data in scientific investigations?
To draw conclusions based on the results obtained.
What is the S.I. unit for time?
Second (s).
What is the focus of the introduction to scientific investigation?
It introduces various careers in science and the subjects needed to pursue them.
What should you do if an accident occurs in the laboratory?
Do not panic and take the necessary actions as demonstrated.
What is the advantage of using digital vernier calipers and digital micrometer screw gauges?
They can measure with more accuracy and precision.
What should students use to present their discussion?
Multimedia presentation such as PowerPoint.
What is the S.I. unit for mass?
Kilogram (kg).
What should you never do with poisonous or toxic chemicals?
Drink, eat, smell, or taste them.
What is the accuracy of a laboratory thermometer?
1°C.
What is the importance of using the right measuring instrument?
To measure accurately and consistently.
What is the function of a beaker in a laboratory?
To hold larger amounts of chemicals.
What does a measuring cylinder do?
To measure the volume of liquid.
What is the purpose of using prefixes in physical quantity units?
To represent values that are too big or too small.
What is the standard form value of 'mega'?
10^6
How do you calculate the density of a liquid?
Density = Mass (g) / Volume (cm³).
How can the volume of irregular-shaped objects be estimated?
By using the water displacement method.
What materials are used in the density investigation?
Copper cube, iron cube, cork cube, wooden cube, water, basin, weighing balance.
What is the S.I. unit for mass?
Kilogram (kg).
What are systematic errors?
Consistent errors obtained from a measuring instrument for every measurement.
What is the study of energy and its influence on matter?
Physics.
What is the significance of science in everyday life?
Science contributes to various fields such as engineering, medicine, and agriculture.
How has science improved agriculture?
Through the invention of fertilizers, pesticides, and hydroponic methods, which increase crop yields.
What is one example of a scientific invention that has improved communication?
TV satellites.
What is the accuracy of a digital ammeter in measuring electric current?
It can measure electric current with an accuracy up to 0.01 A.
What measuring instrument is used to measure time accurately?
A stopwatch.
What is the smallest scale value equivalent to on a ruler?
1 mm or 0.1 cm.
What is the accuracy of a clinical thermometer?
0.1°C.
What does accuracy in measurement refer to?
The ability of measuring instruments to obtain a value closest to the actual value.
What is sensitivity in measuring instruments?
The ability to detect a small change in the measurement quantity.
What is the function of a pipette?
To measure a fixed volume of liquid accurately.
What is the symbol for the prefix 'giga'?
G
How many grams are in 1.9 kg?
1900 g
Convert 600 cm to meters.
6 m
How can the area of regular-shaped objects be measured?
By using formulae, such as length × width for a square.
What is one example of a layered drink mentioned?
Three-layered tea.
What is an example of a systematic error?
Zero error or inaccurate measuring instrument.
What is the aim of the water displacement method in this investigation?
To determine the volume of objects.
What subjects are typically needed to become an engineer?
Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.
What is the importance of standard units in scientific communication?
They make it easier for scientists to communicate at an international level.
What are some examples of traditional measurement units mentioned?
Pound, ounce, grain, stone, fathom, span, pace, and cubit.
What should be justified in a laboratory setting?
Regulations and safety measures.
What is the purpose of drawing and labeling the apparatus?
To enhance understanding and classification of the apparatus according to their usage.
How is science related to daily activities?
Science helps us understand and improve our daily activities through systematic observations and experiments.
Why is science important in everyday life?
Science helps us understand the world around us and informs our decisions and actions.
What is a common method to prevent parallax error?
Using an antiparallax mirror.
What does innovation in technology refer to?
Innovation in technology refers to the development of new tools and methods that improve efficiency and effectiveness.
What causes systematic errors in measurements?
Using measuring instruments that are not accurate, zero error, measurement errors by the person, or environmental factors.
What is the purpose of a multimedia presentation in this context?
To explain innovations of various types of measuring instruments.
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = mass / volume.
List the materials in ascending order based on density.
Cork, petrol, ice, water, copper, mercury.
What are the three types of liquids mentioned that do not mix?
P, Q, and R.
What is the formula for density?
Density (g cm –3) = Mass (g) / Volume (cm 3).
What observation is made after placing the cubes in water?
Whether they float or sink.
What is the S.I. unit for electric current?
Ampere (A).
How can systematic errors be minimized?
Conduct experiments with caution and repeat using different measuring instruments.
What materials are needed for the water displacement method?
Stone, thread, 100 ml measuring cylinder, weighing balance, water.
Name a few examples of careers in science.
Astronomer, Oceanographer, Engineer, Pharmacist, Medical Doctor.
What role does a teacher play in the field of science?
Teachers educate students in various science subjects.
What is the purpose of a science laboratory?
To conduct scientific investigations and experiments.
What is one of the key safety measures to prevent fire in a laboratory?
Turn off electricity when a fire is detected.
What should be done with the laboratory apparatus during the investigation?
Observe, identify their functions, and record them in a practical book.
How can parallax error be prevented when using a ruler?
By ensuring the observer's eyes are parallel to the scale of the ruler.
What is the first step before starting an experiment?
Follow the teacher’s instructions.
What is the smallest division of a vernier caliper?
0.01 cm or 0.1 mm.
Why should the reader's eyes be perpendicular to the reading?
To prevent parallax error.
What should you do before leaving the laboratory?
Wash your hands with soap and water.
What is the area represented by each square in the drawing?
1 cm × 1 cm or 1 cm².
How does a digital blood pressure monitor benefit patients?
It provides precise and reliable blood pressure readings within a few seconds.
What is the function of a test tube?
To hold small amounts of chemicals.
How do you calculate the density of a sample?
Density = Mass / Volume.
What is the volume of a stone if the initial volume is 15 cm³ and the final volume is 23 cm³?
8 cm³.
What is the volume of each cube used in the investigation?
1 cm³.
Why do helium-filled balloons float in the air?
Because helium gas is less dense than air.
What is the purpose of measuring the length of a table using both a pencil and a ruler?
To compare the estimated measurement with the actual measurement.
Which field of science focuses on living things?
Biology.
What subjects are typically needed to become a doctor?
Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
What are the topics groups should research regarding laboratory safety?
Rules in a laboratory, safety measures, steps to prevent fire, and actions to take in an accident.
What are some common apparatus found in a science laboratory?
Measuring cylinder, retort stand, and pipette.
What is the S.I. unit for length?
Metre (m).
What is the S.I. unit for temperature?
Kelvin (K).
What is the purpose of a micrometer screw gauge?
To measure the thickness and diameter of small objects like paper and hair.
What is the smallest division of the micrometer screw gauge's reading?
0.001 cm or 0.01 mm.
What should you do with waste materials?
Throw them away according to the correct procedures.
What is the purpose of a conical flask?
To hold larger amounts of chemicals.
What is the reading of the micrometer screw gauge indicated in the text?
(a) 0 5 30 25 (b) 0 10 5
What does a weighing balance reading of 55 kg indicate?
The weight of Chong.
What is the operational definition of density?
The mass per unit volume of a material.
What is the conversion of 95 mm to meters?
0.095 m
What is the importance of controlling variables in a scientific investigation?
To ensure that the results are valid and reliable.
What does the relationship between mass and density indicate if the volume is constant?
Density increases with mass if volume remains the same.
What is a suggested activity for understanding density?
Gather information and discuss phenomena related to density in groups.
What is the first step in the water displacement method?
Weigh and record the reading of the mass of a stone.
What field of science studies planets, stars, and other objects in the universe?
Astronomy.
Which science subject is common for both engineers and doctors?
Chemistry.
What is the aim of the group activity mentioned?
To give examples of innovations in technology to solve problems in life.
Why might two people have a different number of paces when measuring?
Because the length of their paces may be different.
What is the aim of the introduction to scientific investigation?
To identify the apparatus commonly used in the laboratory.
What is the quantity of matter in an object referred to as?
Mass.
What is the general meaning of science?
Science is a discipline that involves systematic observations and experiments of natural phenomena.
What type of error is associated with zero adjustment in measurements?
Systematic error (zero error).
How can subjects studied in science relate to careers of interest?
Subjects like biology, chemistry, and physics provide foundational knowledge for various science-related careers.
What types of measurements can be taken with vernier calipers?
Thickness, outer diameter, inner diameter, and depth of an object.
What is the role of a tripod stand in a laboratory?
To support apparatus during heating.
How long is each group allocated at each station?
10 minutes.
What is the purpose of a boiling tube?
To hold small amounts of chemicals.
How many seconds are in 7 minutes?
420 s
What is the formula for calculating the volume of an object with a regular shape?
Volume = height × width × length.
How can restaurant operators use the concept of density creatively?
By preparing various types of food and drinks that utilize differences in density.
What are some common base quantities used in science?
Length, mass, time, temperature, and electric current.
What technique can reduce the impact of parallax errors?
Ensure the observer's eyes are perpendicular to the scale reading.
What is the significance of the water displacement method?
It is used to measure the volume of irregular objects.
What are some examples of subfields in Biology?
Zoology, microbiology, physiology, botany.
What is an example of a natural phenomenon?
The occurrence of day and night.
What should be done if chemicals are spilled in the laboratory?
Report the spill to the teacher.
Why is it important to identify hazardous materials in the laboratory?
To ensure safety and proper handling.
What should you avoid when using irritant chemicals?
Inhaling the vapour or fumes.
Why must certain chemicals like potassium and lithium be kept in paraffin oil?
Because they react if exposed to air.
How can zero error of the micrometer screw gauge be determined?
When the anvil is closed completely.
How many divisions does the vernier scale have?
50 divisions.
What safety equipment should be used when mixing or heating chemicals?
Safety goggles.
Why is the micrometer screw gauge considered more accurate than vernier calipers?
Because it has a smaller smallest division of measurement.
What is a positive zero error in vernier calipers?
When the reading from the '0' mark on the vernier scale is greater than the actual zero.
What is the purpose of a gas jar?
To contain gas.
What is the density of liquid X if its mass is 90 g and volume is 50 cm³?
1.8 g cm–3.
What is the S.I. unit for area?
m².
What is the correct order of steps in carrying out a scientific investigation?
Identify the problem, make a hypothesis, conduct experiments, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
Why can timber be transported by water?
Because timber is less dense than water.
What are random errors?
Uncertainties in measurement caused by the observer when taking measurements.
What is the study of matter and its reactions?
Chemistry.
What is an example of a subfield in Meteorology?
Hydrometeorology.
Name one field in science and a related career.
Microbiology - Microbiologist.
Where are the Nobel Prizes in Science awarded?
Every year in Stockholm, Sweden.
What are the other units for measuring length besides metres?
Millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm), and kilometres (km).
What must be observed before using chemicals in the laboratory?
The hazard symbols on chemical bottles.
What is the formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin?
Add 273 to the temperature in degrees Celsius.
What are the five physical quantities that need to be studied?
Length, mass, time, temperature, and electric current.
What is parallax error?
It occurs when the reader’s eyes are not perpendicular to the reading scale.
What should you avoid doing with the mouth of a test tube?
Pointing it at your face or others.
What is the purpose of calculating the average reading?
To obtain an accurate value.
What is a negative zero error in vernier calipers?
When the reading from the '10' mark on the vernier scale is less than the actual zero.
What is the density of cork?
0.24 g cm–3.
How is the mass of a single sheet of paper estimated if 100 sheets weigh 500 g?
By dividing 500 g by 100, which equals 5 g.
What is the aim of investigating density in everyday life?
To understand phenomena related to differences in density.
What does a physical quantity in science refer to?
A physical characteristic that can be measured.
Who discovered the water displacement method?
Archimedes.
What is the study of weather and climate change called?
Meteorology.
How does science impact engineering?
It aids in the construction of tall buildings.
What problems can arise from using inconsistent units in daily life?
Inconsistencies can lead to confusion and errors in measurements.
What actions should Suhaimi take upon seeing a small fire in the laboratory?
Turn off the electricity and inform the teacher.
What is parallax error?
An error that occurs due to the wrong positioning of the eyes when taking measurements.
Which unit is usually used for measuring temperature?
Degree Celsius (°C).
What happens if you use a plastic beaker for corrosive chemicals?
The plastic may be damaged or melted.
What is prohibited in the laboratory?
Eating, drinking, and playing.
Define consistency in the context of measuring instruments.
The ability of measuring instruments to give the same readings with repeated measurements.
What is the role of scientific investigations in understanding natural phenomena?
Scientific investigations help us understand the factors involved and how natural phenomena occur.
What should be done before taking actual measurements?
Estimate the length, area, mass, or volume of an object.
What is the function of a filter funnel?
To filter or separate insoluble solids from mixtures.
What can be predicted based on the density of materials?
Whether the materials will float or sink.
Convert 450 seconds to hours.
0.125 hr
What is the purpose of making a hypothesis in a scientific investigation?
To provide a testable statement that can be investigated.
Why does ice float on water?
Because ice is less dense than water.
What is the first step to minimize systematic errors before taking an actual measurement?
Make an estimation beforehand.
What materials are needed for the estimation exercise described?
Pencil and ruler.
