The soft tissue covering of the calvarium.
It is the major blood supply of the dura.
Due to its anastomotic blood vessel (dense area of connections) and collateral blood flow from other sources like the occipital artery.
Serves as an attachment to the falx cerebri.
Pathologies of the scalp include infections, tumors, and trauma.
Newborns have 2 frontal bones separated by the metopic suture, which fuse early in fetuses and must be fused in adults.
It is a landmark for the tentorium cerebelli.
Auriculotemporal Nerve, Zygomaticotemporal Nerve, Supraorbital Nerve, Supratrochlear Nerve, and Greater Occipital nerve.
The scalp is the borders and layers of the skull.
Sphenoid bone.
The 'keystone bone of the skull/calvarium' to which almost all the bones attach.
The pituitary gland.
To protect the brain.
The scalp is supplied by the superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, and posterior auricular artery, and innervated by the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions) and the cervical plexus.
False. This type of fracture is called diastatic fracture.
Occipital Artery and Superficial Temporal Artery.
Foramen Spinosum.
The scalp has multiple layers including skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, and pericranium.
Anterior border: supraorbital ridge; Lateral border: Zygomatic arch; Posterior border: external occipital protuberance (inion) or superior nuchal line.
Consists of 14 irregular bones including lacrimal, nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, palatine, inferior conchae, mandible, and vomer.
By giving multiple injections (5 x 2) in a scalp block.
Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, optic nerve, orbital gyri, trochlear, abducens, oculomotor, ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves, pituitary gland, internal carotid artery, temporal lobes of the brain, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata of the brain.
S - Skin; C - Connective tissue; A - Epicranial Aponeurosis / Galea Aponeurotica; L - Loose areolar tissue; P - Periosteum/ pericranium.
Superficial Temporal Vein (STV).
Maxillary nerve.
A fracture along a suture line.
When local anesthesia is on the base/origin of the nerves involved.
Superior nuchal line.
The tentorium cerebelli (crescent-shaped fold of dura mater).
Calvarium and bones covering the cranial cavity or the brain, protecting the brain from injury.
External Carotid Artery (ECA).
Cribriform Plate.
Arteriovenous fistula involving Superficial Temporal Vein (STV) and Superficial Temporal Artery (STA).
A procedure where a neurosurgeon removes a small section of the skull to provide access to the area of interest, then the bone is replaced and secured with titanium plates and screws.
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.
It is for arachnoid granulations.
Pterion.
It is an important landmark for neurosurgeons, connecting the frontal and parietal bones, with the middle meningeal artery lying beneath this region.
Mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, and small veins.
The bone of the head; neuroscience is specifically concerned with the calvarium or bones enclosing the brain.
It results in the bone of the skull vault being folded inward into the cerebral parenchyma.
An abnormal growth of tissue due to excessive cell growth in the body.
