p.10
Podocytes and Their Function
What are podocytes?
Large flattened modified epithelial cells with oval nuclei.
p.5
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What are the two main components of the kidney's structural and functional unit?
Nephron and collecting tubule.
p.9
Bowman's Capsule Structure
What type of epithelium makes up the outer parietal layer of Bowman's Capsule?
Simple squamous epithelium.
p.8
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What are the two main parts of the renal corpuscle?
Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus.
p.12
Podocytes and Their Function
What are filtration slits?
Minute gaps between foot-like structures of minor processes.
p.7
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What are the two main components of the renal corpuscle?
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus.
p.15
Glomerular Basement Membrane Composition
What is the characteristic of the basement membrane in the glomerular capillary wall?
It is continuous and thick.
p.8
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What is the renal corpuscle?
The initial filtering component of the nephron, consisting of Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus.
p.14
Glomerulus and Capillary Structure
From where does the Glomerulus arise?
From the afferent arteriole at the vascular pole.
p.11
Podocytes and Their Function
What do the major processes of podocytes do?
They extend from the cell body parallel to the capillary wall.
p.5
Kidney Stroma and Capsule
What type of tissue makes up the kidney capsule?
Fibrous connective tissue.
p.10
Podocytes and Their Function
What are the parts of podocytes?
Major and minor processes with filtration slits.
p.9
Bowman's Capsule Structure
What is the shape of Bowman's Capsule?
Double walled cup-shaped capsule.
p.10
Podocytes and Their Function
What is the function of podocytes?
Synthesis of the glomerular basement membrane.
p.9
Bowman's Capsule Structure
What are the two poles of Bowman's Capsule?
1. Vascular pole 2. Urinary pole (connects to P.C.T.)
p.5
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What is the parenchyma of the kidney?
The functional tissue of the kidney.
p.14
Glomerulus and Capillary Structure
What is the Glomerulus?
A tuft of capillary loops.
p.2
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
Into what two main regions is the kidney divided?
Outer cortex and inner medulla.
p.11
Podocytes and Their Function
What are podocytes?
Specialized cells in the kidney that have major processes extending parallel to the capillary wall.
p.8
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What is the function of the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle?
To filter blood and form urine.
p.8
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What role does Bowman's capsule play in the renal corpuscle?
It collects the filtrate from the glomerulus.
p.6
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule (P.C.T.)?
It reabsorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the filtrate.
p.1
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What is the significance of the renal cortex?
It contains the glomeruli and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
To filter blood and produce urine.
p.15
Glomerular Basement Membrane Composition
What does the basement membrane in the glomerular capillary wall consist of?
Fusion of two membranes: one from the visceral layer and one from the capillary.
p.3
Medullary Pyramids and Rays
What do medullary pyramids contain?
Medullary rays (collecting tubules).
p.16
Glomerular Basement Membrane Composition
What are the two membranes that fuse to form the basement membrane?
One from the visceral layer and one from the capillary.
p.3
Medullary Pyramids and Rays
Where do medullary rays arise from?
The apex of the pyramids.
p.16
Glomerular Basement Membrane Composition
What are the three layers of the basement membrane?
1. Lamina densa (central and dark), 2. Lamina lucida externa (outer and pale), 3. Lamina lucida interna (inner and pale).
p.8
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What type of cells are found in the glomerulus?
Endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes.
p.6
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
It concentrates urine and reabsorbs water and salts.
p.1
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What is the primary role of nephrons?
To filter blood and form urine.
p.4
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What is the renal labyrinth?
Cortex proper, which surrounds medullary rays.
p.6
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What are the main subdivisions of a nephron?
1. Renal corpuscle, 2. Proximal convoluted tubule (P.C.T.), 3. Loop of Henle, 4. Distal convoluted tubule (D.C.T.).
p.4
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What are the renal columns of Bertini?
Structures located between medullary pyramids.
p.11
Podocytes and Their Function
What is the function of the filtration slits in podocytes?
They allow for the filtration of substances from the blood into the urinary space.
p.6
Uriniferous Tubule and Nephron
What does the distal convoluted tubule (D.C.T.) do?
It further adjusts the composition of urine by reabsorbing ions and water.
p.2
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What type of gland is the kidney?
A compound tubular gland.
p.11
Podocytes and Their Function
What are minor processes in podocytes?
They arise from the cell body and major processes and end with filtration slits.
p.6
Components of the Renal Corpuscle
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
It is responsible for the filtration of blood.
p.1
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What are the main structural components of the kidney?
Cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.
p.1
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What is the role of the renal pelvis?
To collect urine before it moves to the ureter.
p.1
Kidney Structure: Cortex and Medulla
What is the medulla of the kidney responsible for?
It contains the loops of Henle and collecting ducts, playing a role in urine concentration.
