why proteins is fundamentals
Click to see answer
Diver functions related to structure
Structural components of cells
Motor proteins
Enzymes
Antibodies
Click to see question
why proteins is fundamentals
Diver functions related to structure
Structural components of cells
Motor proteins
Enzymes
Antibodies
what are the level of strucutre
Primary structure
Peptide bond formation (dehydration reaction)
R groups can be modified --> by giving more energy/ metabolised --> structure changed --> for different functions / purpose (can be positive or negative)
Sequence comparison of multiple homologs of particular protein reveals highly conserved regions that are important for function
polar, non-charged amino acis —> dipole, case electrognegativtiy (O/N/S)
non-polar amino acids —> H/ alky side chain
Secondary structure
Local folding of residues in regular forms
Alpha helix
Beta sheet
Antiparallel --> terminals reverse
Parallel--> same terminal
Beta turn
Random coil
Tertiary structure
Global folding of protein chain
how to determinate structure
X-ray crystallography
Diffracted by electron --> the more electrons the more diffraction
Electron density map is created --> analyse to find out what kind of atom is it --> help bind the protein structure
The diffraction equation allow to calculate the distance between two atom (bond length)
Lower the resolution increase the clarity of the structure
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin
Spinning charge nucleus generated a magnetic field
Signal is produce by changing the external magnetic field --> spinning direction change
When the spinning nuclei align with the magnetic field --> lower energy more stable
When the spinning nuclei against the magnetic field --> higher energy less stable
The peak (intensity) in the spectroscopy graph show the number of proton in the environment
The magnetic field strength (location of the signals) provide structure information/ chemical environment
Number of signals show how many different kinds of protons are present
Signal splitting show the number of protons on adjacent atoms
Electron diffraction +microscopy
