Osborne_Java_2_Complete_Reference_5th_E

The distributed environment of the Internet.

Simple, Secure, Portable.

Object-oriented programming (OOP).

New library elements, redefined event handling, and deprecated several features from Java 1.0.

No, Java is neither upwardly nor downwardly compatible with C++.

Object-oriented features.

FORTRAN.

Substantial amounts of run-time type information.

The release of Java 2.

C# shares similar syntax, supports distributed programming, and utilizes the same object model as Java.

The Internet helped catapult Java to the forefront of programming, expanding the universe of objects that can move freely in cyberspace.

Passive data.

Oak.

It was designed by and for programmers, reflecting their needs and preferences.

TCP/IP protocols.

Swing, the Collections framework, and enhancements to the Java Virtual Machine.

The methods suspend(), resume(), and stop().

Java is a revolutionary force in Internet programming, similar to what C was for systems programming.

Java 1.3 is a major upgrade that is mostly source-code compatible with Java 1.2.

Portability and security.

Bjarne Stroustrup invented C++ in 1979.

To manage the increasing complexity of programs.

Once a program exceeds 25,000 to 100,000 lines of code.

Because Java performs various run-time checks that can only be done at run time.

Java programs can run on any device that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Remote Method Invocation (RMI).

Java has significant practical and philosophical differences from C++.

Java refines and improves the object-oriented approach.

C with Classes.

An active agent on the client computer initiated by the server.

A channel-based I/O subsystem.

The Collections Framework.

It maintains nearly 100 percent source-code compatibility.

Bill Joy, Arthur van Hoff, Jonathan Payne, Frank Yellin, and Tim Lindholm.

It fundamentally changed the way programming was approached and thought about.

Assembly code when creating systems programs.

Moving to Java will require very little effort for experienced C++ programmers.

Memory management mistakes and mishandled exceptional conditions.

It compiles bytecode into executable code in real time, on a piece-by-piece basis.

Java can handle multiple threads of execution simultaneously.

It interprets bytecode and allows Java programs to run on various platforms.

They are designed to be compiled for a specific target CPU.

Object-oriented programming in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Understanding the reasons for its creation, the forces that shaped it, and its legacy.

By being a strictly typed language that checks code at compile time and run time.

It strikes a balance between purist and pragmatic approaches.

The World Wide Web.

Programming consumer electronics.

Structured programming.

To solve a certain set of problems, particularly for platform-independent programs on the Internet.

To develop a platform-independent language for consumer electronic devices.

Bytecode.

The Java execution environment.

It was not very good for systems code despite being efficient for scientific applications.

It propelled Java to the forefront of computer language design due to the demand for portable programs.

The older language BCPL and the language B.

Inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

Assembly language.

Passive information and dynamic, active programs.

Applications and applets.

Security and portability.

By providing a 'firewall' between the networked application and the computer.

The online environment of the Internet.

It led to 'spaghetti code', making programs difficult to understand.

It was structured but not designed for efficiency and lacked features for systems-level code.

If you program well, your programs reflect it; if you program poorly, your programs reflect that too.

It synthesized conflicting attributes of earlier languages, marking the beginning of the modern age of computer languages.

It marked the beginning of rapid innovation in programming languages.

It yields a significant performance boost.

Chained exceptions.

It can react to user input and dynamically change.

C and C++.

To adapt to changing environments and to implement refinements in programming.

Viral infections and malicious programs that can gather private information.

Ease-of-use versus power, safety versus efficiency, rigidity versus extensibility.

The goal is 'write once; run anywhere, any time, forever.'

Java can adapt to changing conditions at runtime.

assert.

C and C++.

It was designed by real programmers rather than as academic exercises or by bureaucratic committees.

Programmers may forget to free allocated memory or try to free memory still in use.

Java 2, version 1.4.

The ability to create robust programs.

The need to solve fundamental problems that preceding languages could not.

They optimized one set of traits but not others, leading to limitations.

Java provides automatic garbage collection for unused objects.

The use of a just-in-time compiler for Java bytecode.

The ability to download applets with confidence that no harm will be done and that no security will be breached.

An application runs on your computer, while an applet is designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Java-compatible Web browser.

The execution of every Java program is controlled by the JVM, which prevents side effects outside of the system.

It is simple and easy to extend.

It was easy to learn but not very powerful and lacked structure for large programs.

The need for portable (platform-independent) programs.

It is cohesive and logically consistent.

Java was designed to perform well on low-power CPUs and can be translated into native machine code for high performance.

Because only the JVM needs to be implemented for each platform, allowing any Java program to run on it.

18 months.

They generally run slower than compiled languages.

The use of bytecode enables the Java run-time system to execute programs much faster than expected.

If Java were compiled to native code, different versions would be needed for each CPU type, which is not feasible.

Java has a small number of clearly defined ways to accomplish tasks.

It produced highly efficient programs but was difficult to learn and debug.

Dennis Ritchie.

Professional programmers.

Java provides object-oriented exception handling, making it easier to manage run-time errors.

Java supports multithreaded programming.

By compiling into an intermediate representation called Java bytecode, which can be interpreted on any system with a Java Virtual Machine.

Java 2.

Easy to learn and use effectively.

Java derives its syntax from C and many object-oriented features from C++.

The demand for software was rapidly outpacing programmers' ability to produce it.

To make Java appealing to experienced C/C++ programmers.

In December 1989 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).