King (CDN) The Science of Psychology ch 1

Evaluate if any perspectives are over- or underrepresented in popular psychology books.

Introspection.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

It is difficult to determine who is right when different individuals have conflicting insights.

Feelings of envy.

They benefit from active use but are vulnerable to the emotional toll of passive use.

Opening your mind and imagination to wonder why things are the way they are.

Write it down in the form of a question.

No, psychology is not a panacea capable of solving all troubles.

Healthy debate and controversy.

They are responsible for heredity and characteristics that can be passed down through generations.

They may have relied on listening to teachers instead of reading, leading to the belief that reading is not important.

Self-questioning.

An approach focused on identifying the structures of the human mind.

The pleasure or displeasure of the gods.

To encourage attention during reading and ensure understanding of the material.

Science, behaviour, and mental processes.

The science of human behavior.

A condition where brain injury leads to extraordinary abilities or talents.

Various areas of specialization.

Research and the evidence it provides.

The differences in characteristics among individuals of a species.

Studying and treating psychological disorders.

It might enable an abusive spouse to continue harmful behavior.

Active reading provides clarity on what you know and don’t know before a test.

Studying until you can answer all questions out loud without looking at the answers.

It surveys areas of debate in psychology, such as the impact of social media on well-being.

Through controversies and deep, reflective thinking by psychologists.

Happiness, intelligence, and sensory processes.

Time spent on Facebook can predict drops in psychological well-being later.

It enables you to fully benefit from all the information you read and learn throughout your life.

A baby's interactions with its mother and the infant's crying.

These questions can be explored through scientific research and evidence.

Thinking objectively.

The process of reflecting deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating evidence.

By quizzing yourself with the questions and ensuring you can answer them out loud without looking.

It serves as evidence of understanding and aids in systematic studying.

Increased depression, anxiety, and loneliness.

Psychologists often have differing opinions, leading to controversy and deeper understanding.

To provide a high standard of empirical scientific credibility while being enjoyable to read.

It can still help you focus and retain information.

They often read without remembering what they just read.

Variation, competition, selective advantage, and inheritance.

The natural sciences of biology and physiology.

How do we learn? What is memory? Why does one person flourish while another struggles?

The importance of the task at hand.

By observing behaviours like licking lips, crying, and verbal recall.

A natural flow of thought composed of changing thoughts, ideas, perceptions, and memories.

Observational studies to count how many times helping occurs in particular circumstances.

Due to Freud's lack of empirical scientific methods.

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

To be a truly general science of human behavior.

The brain prioritizes tasks and retrieves information when it is more relaxed and less occupied.

It raises questions about the scientific understanding of the human ability to forgive even seemingly unforgivable acts.

Because of its importance and practical utility in learning.

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.

Critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, and curiosity.

He developed acquired savant syndrome, seeing mathematical formulas in geometrical shapes.

Seeing things as they really are, not as we would like them to be.

A musical prodigy.

They are partly suited to survival in past environments.

By observing the tremendous variety of natural phenomena in the world.

They argue that human weaknesses are more important to study for treatment and well-being.

To present an idealized version of their lives and seek validation.

To learn, apply, and fundamentally change their view of the world using psychological concepts.

Active use involves engaging in interactions, while passive use involves consuming information without interaction.

The truths of human life in all its dimensions, including both best and worst experiences.

It allows psychologists to focus on specific areas of interest and expertise.

Re-read the material until you can answer it.

To describe, predict, and explain behaviour.

Because a species can produce more individuals than can survive given limited resources.

Challenging whether a supposed fact is really true and questioning widely accepted beliefs.

It is caused by dark, unpleasant, unconscious impulses.

He based his ideas on patients struggling with psychological problems.

Answer the question you wrote down in your own words.

To make informed decisions about how and whether to participate in social media.

Interactive engagement, humor, and interesting examples.

They believe that such abilities may lie dormant in everyone, waiting for the right injury to be released.

By counting the number of pages before reading to estimate completion time.

Wundt and his students performed an experiment at the University of Leipzig.

Through systematic, detailed self-reports in a controlled laboratory setting.

Visit a major book retailer's website and read descriptions of popular psychology books.

Philosophy.

In ancient Greece during the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.

By using systematic methods to observe and draw conclusions.

The benefit some individuals have due to their characteristics that improve their chances of survival.

It refers to the tendency for offspring to inherit traits from their parents.

He saw the mind as flexible and fluid, characterized by constant change.

Helping behaviour, by devising strategies to increase it.

Go back and read the section again until you can answer.

Charles Darwin.

Evidence suggests it does not; social sharing on Facebook may not lead to feeling supported in real life.

They view it as a chore and want to complete it as quickly as possible.

Wilhelm Wundt.

Looking inside our own minds and focusing on our thoughts.

Random genetic mutation.

It provides insights into mental health, coping strategies, and overall well-being.

That they were completely separate.

He believed it lacked the objective rigor required for scientific advancement.

Sigmund Freud.

Human strengths.

Increases in fear of missing out and social comparisons.

Engaging actively with others.

An evolutionary process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

Write that answer down beneath the heading question.

Improving relationships, managing stress, enhancing memory, and achieving personal goals.

Because many psychology programs focus on theories like Freud's, which are not always supported by empirical evidence.

The idea that mental processes could be measured and inferred through behavior.

By understanding and applying them to positively influence health and wellness.

How well popular psychology books represent the approaches discussed in the text.

It primes your attention and helps prioritize awareness while reading.

Everything we do that can be directly observed.

Thoughts, feelings, and motives that cannot be directly observed.

Fluent Mandarin.

It represents rare occurrences that are difficult to study empirically.

A condition where amputees experience chronic pain or itching in their missing limb.

The negative aspects of human experience.

Daydreaming or mind-wandering.

People tend to post extremely positive things about themselves and their lives.

The act of letting go of anger and resentment toward someone who has harmed us.

Research, teaching, and therapeutic practice.

Questions about human behavior and thought.

They study, assess, and treat mental health issues and behaviors.

It is difficult to apply to certain groups, such as animals or infants.

The empirical method.

It reduces the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, biases, and emotions.

The functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in adaptation to the environment.

Information that is couched in scientific terminology but is not supported by sound scientific research.

By observing how readily proponents accept evidence to the contrary; refusal to accept contradictory evidence may indicate pseudoscience.

Astrology.

The empirical scientific method.

It provides a place for people to seek support after events like romantic breakups and health crises.

A shift towards understanding the best qualities of humanity.

When reading for pleasure, people are less likely to forget what they have read.

Measuring the time lag between hearing a sound and pressing a telegraph key.

At the University of Leipzig.

What is psychology?

It allows you to know what you understand and what you need to study further.

Observation of events, collection of data, and logical reasoning.

Ask yourself a question out loud.

Functionalism focuses on the 'why' of thoughts, while structuralism focuses on the 'what' of the mind.

Wilhelm Wundt.

To understand how and why things go right in life.

Introspection and case study analysis.

By using a mirror box to create the illusion of a whole limb.

Repeat the process of questioning and answering for every heading.

Active engagement and processing of the material.

Levels of awareness below conscious awareness.

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

As scientists, testing assumptions and relying on objective evidence.

The feelings underlying a baby's crying.

They become more common if they help members compete for food, survive, and reproduce.

Because subjects like divorce and sexual fantasies are not readily served by introspection.

Participants reported lower emotional well-being nine hours later after engaging in 10 minutes of passive Facebook use.

Functionalism.

Not what the mind is, but what it is for (its purposes or functions).

Hope, optimism, happiness, and gratitude.

That they only study mental illness.

Reflect on how it relates to their life experiences and assumptions about others.

Paying attention while reading and understanding the material before moving on.

They become more prevalent in the population.

Feelings of envy, inferiority, shame, and anxiety can result from passively scrolling through others' positive portrayals.

They focused on forgiveness rather than hatred and revenge.

It drives them to notice things and ask questions about the world.

A technique that stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review to improve reading comprehension.

Every aspect of human behavior across various academic disciplines.

Why is human thought adaptive and how does it help in survival?

It aims to be interesting and engaging, starting with a section in the body of the text rather than a preface.

An effort to understand all human behavior and reverse engineer the human brain.

Memory goes where attention flows; if we don’t pay attention, we don’t remember.

Science is defined by how something is studied, not by what is studied.

The relationship between religious commitment and forgiveness, as well as cognitive skills required for forgiveness.

It can help individuals become better partners, parents, and manage various aspects of life effectively.

They found that active engagement on Facebook is linked to better psychological outcomes compared to passive use.

Introspection.

Scrolling through the profile of one’s ex-romantic partner.

They established a fund for the murderer’s family.

The evolution of psychological thought and theories over time.

Modern frameworks and methods used to understand psychological phenomena.