What type of assessment is the mid-term?
Click to see answer
A written test.
Click to see question
What type of assessment is the mid-term?
A written test.
What is tuberculosis?
A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.
What happens to muscle strength and endurance during the first 30 minutes after applying heating agents?
They decrease.
What is a thermal agent?
A modality used in therapy that applies heat or cold to the body.
What is the goal of remodeling in tissue healing?
To form the most structurally functional tissue possible at the injured area.
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and prevents infection.
What triggers eczema flare-ups?
Allergens, irritants, stress, and weather changes.
What is a well-designed, quasi-experimental study classified as in the hierarchy of evidence?
Level IIb.
What is the role of the proliferation phase in tissue repair?
It involves the formation of new tissue and blood vessels.
What does the Induction Theory suggest about tissue healing?
Internal and external stresses placed on the injured area during the maturation phase determine the final tissue structure.
What is one of the required databases for the course?
AccessPhysiotherapy.
What is convention in the context of fluid or gas?
It occurs when a portion of the fluid or gas moves from one place to another.
What factor affects heat penetration related to the hot pack?
Temperature of the hot pack.
What causes an increase in vascularity during inflammation?
Physical pressure or chemical irritation.
What is a major issue with research-based evidence in evidence-based practice?
There is little to no research-based evidence.
Can you give an example of a contraindication?
Pregnancy may be a contraindication for certain therapies.
What is the primary role of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
To signal temperature sensation, allowing conscious perception of warming or cooling of the skin.
What is an example of a process that utilizes evaporation?
The use of vapocoolant spray.
What factors affect the rate of heat transfer in conduction?
The difference in temperature between regions or materials in contact.
What should be done to prevent infection in an open wound?
Clean the wound and apply a sterile dressing.
What are the components of the timetable?
Lecture, Practical, Mandatory open lab.
What is thermoregulation?
A mechanism by which humans maintain body temperature with tightly controlled self-regulation independent of external temperature.
What are common symptoms of Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Swelling, pain, and redness in the affected leg.
What is an open wound?
A break in the skin that exposes underlying tissue.
Can you give an example of radiation?
The exchange of energy between skin and air.
What causes radiation to occur?
A temperature difference between two surfaces.
When is it suggested to start practicing in the Open Lab?
After the practical session to avoid confusion.
What type of skin condition requires special attention in therapy?
Chronic wounds and fragile skin.
What is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
A condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
What is the term for tissue that is actively bleeding?
Current bleeding tissue.
How is the quality of existing research-based evidence described?
The body of research-based evidence is of poor quality.
What is the subject weighting for the practical test assessment?
30%.
What are the key components of the practical test assessment?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, application of selected modality, and documentation.
What does EPA stand for?
Electrophysical Agents.
What is the effect of heating muscles to a temperature between 40 ºC and 45 ºC?
It results in a reduction of spasm.
What are common causes of impaired sensation?
Nerve damage, neurological disorders, or injuries.
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
What is the typical duration of a human pregnancy?
Approximately 40 weeks.
What does fibroplasia refer to?
The formation of fibrous tissue during the healing process.
Which edition of 'Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents: Evidence Behind Practice' was published in 2014?
3rd edition.
What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First trimester, second trimester, and third trimester.
What types of energies are used in EPA treatment procedures?
Electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical energies.
Which publisher released 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Butterworth Heinemann, Elsevier.
What types of temperature changes do cutaneous thermoreceptors respond to?
Both hot and cold stimuli.
What is angiogenesis?
The formation of new blood vessels during the healing process.
How does eczema differ from psoriasis?
Eczema is primarily itchy and inflamed, while psoriasis has thick, scaly patches.
Which content will be assessed in the mid-term written test?
Content from Week 1 to Week 4.
What are systemic factors that influence healing?
Age; infection or disease; metabolic status; nutrition; hormones; medication; oxygen.
How is thermoregulation integrated in the body?
By a controlling mechanism in the CNS that responds to the heat of the tissues.
What is evaporation?
The transformation of liquid to gaseous state.
What is a critical first step in managing an open wound?
Controlling the bleeding.
What concern is raised about the passive delivery nature of Electrophysical Therapy (EPT)?
It may be harmful to patients.
What ethical concern is associated with practitioners of EPT?
They may be committing fraud.
What is the function of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
They detect temperature changes in the skin.
What is impaired cognition?
A decline in mental functions such as memory, attention, and reasoning.
What is the primary purpose of EPA?
To evaluate, treat, and prevent impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
What is the subject weighting for the practical examination?
40%.
What is a cardiac pacemaker?
An implanted device that helps regulate the heartbeat.
What must you do to confirm your presence in the Open Lab?
Sign attendance.
What is chronic pain?
A type of pain that persists for a long time, often lasting beyond the normal healing period.
What are the three primary methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation.
What is metabolism in relation to cellular activity?
Metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that occur within cells.
What is homeothermy?
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of external environmental conditions.
Which chapter covers contraindications and precautions in the Lab Manual?
Chapter 1.10.
How much does the metabolic rate increase for each 1 ºC rise in tissue temperature?
By about 13%.
Who are the authors of the required textbook?
Watson, T. and Nussbaum, E.L.
Which area of the body is particularly sensitive and requires safety considerations?
The anterior neck.
What follows vasoconstriction in the inflammatory process?
Clot formation.
What is the purpose of the leads in a cardiac pacemaker?
To deliver electrical impulses to the heart muscle.
Can eczema and psoriasis be treated with therapy?
Yes, various therapies can help manage symptoms.
How does heat affect the rate of destructive processes in tissues?
Heat increases the rate of destructive processes.
How do hot packs affect the therapist's time?
They require brief use of the therapist’s time.
What are the risks associated with Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
It can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism.
What is a contraindication related to malignancy?
Recent radiated tissue.
Why is it important to identify contraindications in therapy?
To prevent harm and ensure patient safety during treatment.
What model is emphasized in patient care?
The ICF model (International Classification of Functioning).
What is essential for effective patient management?
Clinical reasoning.
What does impaired sensation refer to?
A reduced ability to perceive stimuli through the senses.
What is a key consideration for teenagers in therapy?
Active epiphysis.
How can heat be used in relation to stiff joints?
To more effectively mobilize a stiff joint.
What is eczema?
A skin condition characterized by inflamed, itchy, and red patches.
What temperature is considered adequate for heating collagen to facilitate stretch?
Approximately 40 ºC.
What types of questions will the mid-term written test include?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and short questions.
How is heat transferred when using hot packs?
By means of conduction.
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and begins healing.
What types of modalities are commonly used in Electrophysical Therapy?
Ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and laser therapy.
What conditions might require the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker?
Bradycardia, heart block, or other arrhythmias.
What is a disadvantage of hot packs regarding patient comfort?
The patient may not tolerate the weight of the hot pack.
Who can benefit from Electrophysical Therapy?
Patients with musculoskeletal injuries, chronic pain, and post-surgical recovery.
When is the mid-term test scheduled?
9/10/2024.
Why are hot packs considered cost-effective?
They use inexpensive materials.
What is the focus of the book 'Physical Agents in Rehabilitation'?
An evidence-based approach to practice.
What is the lowest level of evidence in the hierarchy?
Expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experience of respected authorities (Level IV).
What factors can affect the healing process?
Age, nutrition, blood supply, and presence of infection.
Why is poor thermal regulation a precaution in therapy?
It can lead to adverse reactions to heat or cold treatments.
What is the role of cutaneous thermoreceptors in pain perception?
They can contribute to the sensation of pain when extreme temperatures are detected.
What treatments are commonly used for Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Anticoagulants and compression therapy.
What is radiation in the context of thermal energy?
The exchange of electromagnetic energy due to temperature differences between two surfaces that are not in contact.
What role do contraindications play in patient assessment?
They help clinicians determine the appropriateness of a treatment for a specific patient.
Who should you email for questions to facilitate your practice?
Chun LEUNG.
How can the properties of collagen change?
They can change with heat.
What is a key factor regarding the duration of heat application?
The duration of heat application influences the depth of heat penetration.
Who are the authors of 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Robertson, V., Ward, A., Low, J. & Reed, A.
What is Electrophysical Therapy?
A therapeutic approach that uses electrical energy to promote healing and alleviate pain.
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
How can impaired cognition affect therapy?
It can hinder a patient's ability to follow instructions or engage in rehabilitation.
How does a cardiac pacemaker function?
It sends electrical impulses to the heart to maintain a normal rhythm.
How long is the mid-term written test?
60 minutes.
Where are cutaneous thermoreceptors located?
In the skin.
What is the role of fibroblasts in tissue repair?
Fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix to support tissue regeneration.
Is psoriasis a chronic condition?
Yes, it is a chronic autoimmune condition.
What is the attendance requirement for the course?
80%.
What levels do EPA treatment procedures target for biophysical effects?
Cellular, tissue, organic, and whole body levels.
What are the components of the Tension Theory in tissue healing?
Muscle tension, joint movement, soft tissue loading, and fascial gliding.
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to thermoregulation?
They help the body maintain a stable internal temperature by signaling temperature changes.
What does vasoconstriction do in the context of haemostasis?
It prevents excessive bleeding.
What is radiation?
The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves without the need for a medium.
What is the typical lifespan of a cardiac pacemaker battery?
5 to 15 years, depending on usage.
What is the course code for Electrophysical Therapy and Advanced Technology in Rehabilitation?
PHSI N205F.
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to body temperature regulation?
They contribute to the unconscious regulation of body temperature.
What are the risks associated with current bleeding tissue?
Infection and further tissue damage.
What is the main goal in patient care?
To competently function within the Patient Centred Safety Practice.
How many people need to gather before scheduling the Open Lab?
At least a group of 4.
What safety considerations should be taken for elderly patients?
Considerations include sensation and cognition.
What happens if a drug is administered outside the therapeutic window?
It may lead to ineffective treatment or increased risk of toxicity.
How is the therapeutic window determined?
Through clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
What is the highest level of evidence in the hierarchy of evidence?
Systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs (Ia).
What condition should be considered when treating acute inflammation?
Acute inflammation itself requires careful management.
What evaluation procedures are involved in EPA?
Ultrasound imaging and electroneurophysiological testing.
What are the key components assessed in the practical examination?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, selection of modality, application of selected modality, and documentation.
What characterizes a well-designed controlled study without randomization?
It is classified as level IIa in the hierarchy of evidence.
What type of therapy is included in Practical Session 1?
Hot pack.
What should students perform during the practical examination?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
What is the title of the required textbook for the course?
Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice.
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
What major changes occur in a woman's body during pregnancy?
Hormonal changes, physical changes, and increased blood volume.
What processes are auto-triggered during haemostasis?
Blood clotting and vasoconstriction.
What is a precaution related to impaired circulation?
Avoid using thermal agents.
How do thermal agents affect blood flow?
They can increase or decrease blood flow depending on whether heat or cold is applied.
What mechanisms do organisms use to maintain homeothermy?
Thermoregulation through processes like sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow.
What type of patients does the PICO question focus on?
Patients with symptoms due to soft tissue shortening.
Which chapter discusses hot packs in the Lab Manual?
Chapter 2.2.
What percentage of the overall assessment is the practical examination worth?
40%.
What is a physiological effect of EPT?
Heating effect and vascular dilatation.
What is the email address of Mr. Lam Kwun Nam Victor?
What specific intervention is mentioned in the PICO table?
Ultrasound therapy.
Who is the senior lecturer for the course?
Leung Chun Wa.
What is conduction?
The exchange of thermal energy when there is direct physical contact between two surfaces.
What is a contraindication?
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Increase vascularity, blockage of lymphatic drainage, physical pressure or chemical irritation, pain, and swelling.
What role does vascularity play in heat penetration?
Vascularity of tissues affects how heat is distributed and absorbed.
What should you do after leaving the lab?
Tidy up and clean the lab.
What material is a typical hot pack made of?
Bentonite (a silicate gel) covered with canvas.
What is the subject weighting for the mid-term written test?
30%.
What is acute pain?
A type of pain that is short-term and usually results from injury or illness.
What should be reviewed regarding safety in Practical Session 1?
General contraindications and precautions.
What are the main goals of Electrophysical Therapy?
To reduce pain, improve function, and facilitate tissue healing.
What types of heating agents can cause a decrease in muscle strength and endurance?
Both deep and superficial heating agents.
What happens if the inflammatory phase is absent?
No tissue healing is possible.
What percentage of the assessment is the mid-term test worth?
30%.
What is the relationship between motor neuron activity and muscle tone?
Motor neuron activity influences muscle tone.
What is the first response in the inflammatory process?
Vasoconstriction.
What are some disadvantages of electric and microwavable heating pads?
They may have inconsistent heat distribution and can cause burns if not monitored.
What is vasodilatation?
The widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow.
What chapter should be read about hot and cold tests?
Chapter 1.11.
What is the significance of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.
What are the intended physiological and clinical effects of EPA?
To maintain and optimize health.
What is a common application of heat agents?
To relax muscles and improve flexibility.
How does sweating help in maintaining homeothermy?
Sweating cools the body through evaporation, helping to lower body temperature.
What is the risk of not treating tuberculosis?
It can lead to severe health complications and spread to others.
When is the practical examination scheduled?
12/12/2024 & 13/12/2024.
What is one physiological effect of heat agents?
Vasodilatation.
What type of response is involved in haemostasis besides clot formation?
Cellular and immune responses.
How does nutrition affect the healing process?
Proper nutrition provides the necessary building blocks for tissue repair.
What effect do heat agents have on cellular activity?
They increase cellular activity.
How is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis diagnosed?
Through ultrasound imaging and clinical evaluation.
Why is recent radiated tissue considered a contraindication?
It may be more susceptible to damage and complications.
Who should you contact for available times for the Open Lab?
Ming.
What is the therapeutic window?
The range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively while staying within the safety range.
Why is the therapeutic window important?
It helps to maximize therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse effects.
What should students perform during the practical test?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
What is a consequence of blockage of lymphatic drainage in inflammation?
Swelling.
What are two main symptoms associated with inflammation?
Pain and swelling.
What is epithelialization?
The process of new epithelial tissue forming over a wound.
What are common symptoms of psoriasis?
Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales.
What is the significance of heating collagen in therapy?
It facilitates stretch to a certain extent.
What are common symptoms of tuberculosis?
Cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
What are the two main types of thermal agents?
Heat agents and cold agents.
At what temperature should hot packs be kept in a hydrocollator?
Approximately 70 to 80 ºC.
What type of bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Where will the mid-term written test take place?
In venue F0717.
Why is maintaining homeothermy important?
It is crucial for optimal physiological functioning and metabolic processes.
Who are the authors of the 2023 article on electrophysical agents?
Belanger, A. Y., Selkowitz, D. M., & Lawson, D.
What happens to cells and tissues at temperatures of 45 ºC or greater?
The magnitude of protein damage results in destruction of cells and tissues.
What are the dates for the practical test?
14/10/2024 & 15/10/2024.
Why should the eyes be considered in local area safety?
Due to their sensitivity and vulnerability.
What is the standard treatment for tuberculosis?
A course of antibiotics over several months.
Which publisher released the required textbook?
Elsevier Health Sciences.
What does the 'I' in PICO represent?
Intervention.
What is a common application of cold agents?
To reduce inflammation and numb pain.
Which organ's safety is a concern during therapy?
The heart/chest area.
What is the telephone number for Mr. Leung Chun Wa?
3970 2965.
What does the 'C' in PICO refer to?
Comparison or Control.
How does tissue composition affect heat penetration?
Different tissues (skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles) have varying thickness and volume.
What type of documentation is important in patient care?
Evidence-based documentation.
What is a key component of effective patient interaction?
Communication.
What is the gate control theory?
A theory that explains how non-painful stimuli can inhibit the perception of pain.
What should you report to Ming/Zang?
If equipment is broken or out of order.
What level of evidence is a Randomized Control Trial (RCT)?
Level Ib.
What is the title of the book by Cameron published in 2021?
Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach to Practice.
What are cutaneous thermoreceptors?
Sensory receptors in the skin that detect temperature changes.
What is one advantage of using hot packs?
They are easy to use.
What does the scar attempt to mimic during the healing process?
The characteristics of the tissue it is healing.
How does acute pain differ from chronic pain?
Acute pain is short-term and often linked to a specific injury, while chronic pain is long-lasting and may not have a clear cause.
What are important local area considerations for safety during therapy?
Anterior neck, eyes, reproductive organs, chest/heart, and implants.
What is the primary purpose of using thermal agents in therapy?
To promote healing and relieve pain.
What are local factors affecting the healing process?
Type, size, and location of injury; infection; vascular supply; movement/excessive pressure; temperature deviation; topical medications; electromagnetic energy.
What does the 'P' in PICO stand for?
Patient or Population.
Who is the first member of the teaching team?
Mr. Leung Chun Wa.
What edition of the required textbook is specified?
13th edition.
What is a limitation of hot packs in terms of application?
They may not maintain good contact with small and contoured areas.
Where will announcements be posted?
On OLE.
Which edition of 'Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice' was published in 2020?
The 13th edition.
What is the role of folic acid during pregnancy?
To help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
What is a drawback of using hot packs during treatment?
Dynamic movements are not persisted during treatment.
What is the difference between healing and destroying in the context of tissue response?
Healing involves repair and regeneration, while destroying refers to damage and cell death.
What area coverage can hot packs provide?
They can be used to cover moderate to large areas.
What is the comparison made in the PICO question?
No ultrasound therapy.
How do heat agents influence metabolic rate?
They increase metabolic rate.
What role do past experiences play in evidence-based practice?
They inform clinical expertise and decision-making.
What is the importance of clinical expertise in evidence-based practice?
It combines skills and knowledge to make informed clinical decisions.
What adverse effect of thermotherapy can lead to loss of consciousness?
Fainting.
What are adjustable parameters in electrotherapy?
Settings such as intensity, frequency, and duration that can be modified during treatment.
How will the practical test be rated?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
What is proliferation in the context of tissue repair?
Formation and proliferation of new and immature repair tissues to replace damaged tissues.
What is the first activity in Practical Session 1?
Sensation test.
What is the purpose of different sizes of hot packs?
To accommodate different treatment areas.
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
What is the role of inflammation in tissue healing?
Inflammation continues until infection is eradicated and prepares the tissue for new deposition.
How does EPA assist in physical therapy?
By guiding treatment procedures and evaluating treatment outcomes.
What types of therapies may be used for patients with impaired sensation or cognition?
Electrophysical therapies, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation.
What is the primary function of haemostasis?
To stop bleeding at the injured site.
What is wound contracture?
The process where the edges of a wound pull together to reduce its size.
How are students rated in the practical examination?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
What are the components of a cardiac pacemaker?
A pulse generator and one or more leads.
What is the final phase of tissue repair?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens over time.
What is the primary method for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray.
What should you do if you need to take sick leave?
Inform the coordinator via email and provide a sick leave letter from a doctor.
What is the title of the 2010 article in Physiotherapy Canada?
Electrophysical Agents - Contraindications And Precautions: An Evidence-Based Approach To Clinical Decision Making In Physical Therapy.
What is the office location of Mr. Lau Wing Keung Anthony?
F1224.
What characterizes blood flow in the chronic stage of injury?
In the chronic stage, blood flow may be reduced or altered due to prolonged inflammation or tissue damage.
What role does infection play in the healing process?
Infection can hinder the healing process and lead to complications.
How does cardiac insufficiency affect therapy precautions?
It may limit the use of certain thermal agents.
How does blood flow regulation contribute to homeothermy?
By adjusting blood flow to the skin, the body can either release or conserve heat.
What is the title of the F.A. Davis PT Collection?
F.A. Davis PT Collection.
What does the 'O' in PICO stand for?
Outcome.
What should be avoided over areas with topical counterirritants?
The application of additional thermal agents.
What is clinical reasoning?
The process of applying clinical expertise and knowledge to patient care.
Which adverse effect of thermotherapy involves excessive bleeding?
Bleeding.
What conditions can heat agents help alleviate?
Movement restriction and muscle spasm.
What are examples of electrical currents stimulation?
TENS, Electrical stimulation, IFT.
What are the methods of application in electrotherapy?
Techniques used to deliver electrical energy, such as electrodes placement and modality selection.
What level of evidence do well-designed, non-experimental descriptive studies fall under?
Level III.
What is the final phase of the tissue repair process?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens.
What is convection?
The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
How does blood flow differ in the acute stage of injury?
In the acute stage, blood flow increases to the injured area to promote healing.
What are the underlying principles of Electrophysical Therapy (EPT)?
How energy and effects are created.
What occurs after clot formation during inflammation?
Vasodilatation.
How does age affect the healing process?
Age can influence the body's ability to heal effectively.
What should be considered when treating areas with oedema?
Thermal agents may exacerbate the condition.
When will lecture and practical materials be available?
Prior to the lesson on OLE.
What is the focus of the book 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
It covers the principles and practice of electrotherapy.
In which method of heat transfer does heat travel through empty space?
Radiation.
What is a precaution for active epiphysis?
Avoid applying thermal agents to these areas.
Why is the presence of metal in the area a precaution?
It can conduct heat and cause burns.
What is the desired outcome stated in the PICO question?
Increased range of motion.
What does progression of treatment in EPT involve?
Advancing the treatment based on patient response.
Which condition is a contraindication due to inflammation?
Acute Inflammation.
What is an example of therapeutic ultrasound?
Sound.
What is a contraindication for using wax or hot packs?
Open wound.
What factors can affect the healing process?
Age, nutrition, blood supply, and presence of infection.
What is the significance of collagen synthesis in tissue healing?
It is crucial for the formation and orientation of collagen fibers in the healing tissue.
What are common symptoms experienced during pregnancy?
Nausea, fatigue, and mood swings.
What is formed to prevent the accumulation of blood at the injury site?
Clots.
What are some conditions associated with destructive processes in tissues?
Carcinoma, infection, and acute inflammatory processes.
What is the role of vasodilatation in the healing process?
It allows increased blood flow to the area.
Which publisher released the AccessPhysiotherapy database?
McGraw-Hill Medical.
Who authored 'Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach to Practice'?
Cameron, M.
What is the main subject of 'Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents: Evidence Behind Practice'?
The evidence supporting the use of therapeutic electrophysical agents.
What is the concern with demyelinated nerves in therapy?
They may be more susceptible to injury from thermal agents.
How is outcome evaluation conducted in EPT?
By assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.
How do heat agents affect muscle tone?
They decrease muscle tone.
How do heat agents facilitate stretching and mobilization?
By increasing collagen extensibility.
What are the physiological effects of electrotherapy?
Changes in tissue function and cellular activity due to energy delivery.
What cognitive impairment is considered a contraindication?
Impaired mentation.
What is an example of a diagnostic electrical current?
Strength-duration curve.
What devices are contraindicated for shortwave therapy?
Pacemaker / electronic implant / metal implant.
What local area consideration is crucial for individuals with implants?
Safety precautions must be taken around the implant site.
Which method of heat transfer involves the movement of particles?
Convection.
What role does shivering play in homeothermy?
Shivering generates heat through muscle activity, helping to raise body temperature in cold conditions.
Why is vascular supply important for healing?
Adequate vascular supply is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the injury site.
What local area consideration is important for reproductive health?
Safety precautions around reproductive organs.
What must students pass to successfully complete the course?
Both the OCAS and OES.
What should you do after leaving the lab?
Tidy up and clean the lab.
What is the effect of heat agents on cutaneous thermoreceptor firing?
They increase cutaneous thermoreceptor firing.
Why is patient knowledge important in evidence-based practice?
It helps tailor care to individual patient needs and preferences.
What is meant by 'therapeutic effect' in electrotherapy?
The intended health benefits achieved through the application of electrical energy.
Which infectious condition is a contraindication?
Infection / Tuberculosis.
What is a contraindication for using infra-red therapy?
Application to the eyes region.
What types of responses are involved in the inflammatory process?
Cellular response and immune response.
What is the primary purpose of vasodilatation during the acute stage?
To facilitate healing by increasing the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the injured tissue.
What role does vasodilatation play in the chronic stage of injury?
It may be less effective, as the body may not respond as strongly to inflammation.
What is expected regarding materials before the lesson?
Download and pre-read them.
Which office does Mr. Lam Kwun Nam Victor occupy?
F1143.
In what year was the F.A. Davis PT Collection published?
How do beliefs and values influence evidence-based practice?
They shape the clinician's approach and patient care decisions.
What is a contraindication for therapy related to tissue bleeding?
Recent or potential tissue bleeding.
What therapeutic benefits do heat agents provide?
Healing and pain relief.
How do patient preferences impact clinical decisions?
They guide the choice of interventions and treatment plans.
What type of damage can occur to skin and eyes from infrared radiation in thermotherapy?
Skin and eye damage.
What is the importance of progression in electrotherapy?
To ensure the treatment adapts to the patient's response and recovery.
What are examples of water therapy?
Whirlpool, Contra bath, Hydrotherapy.
What is an example of extracorporeal shockwave therapy?
Shockwave therapy.
What are therapeutic effects of EPT?
Pain reduction and increased tissue extensibility.
What is the passing grade for the assessments?
40%.
How do heat agents affect blood flow?
They increase blood flow.
What impact do hormones have on healing?
Hormones can influence various physiological processes that affect healing.
What is the policy on punctuality?
Punctuality is required.
What is a potential adverse effect of thermotherapy related to skin?
Burns.
What is the primary focus of electrotherapy?
The delivery of energy to achieve physiological and therapeutic effects.
What are examples of superficial heating agents?
Hot pack, Infra-red, Wax.
What types of therapies fall under the electromagnetic category?
Light therapy, Laser, Magnetic therapy.
How is dosage calculated in electrotherapy?
Based on the patient's condition, treatment goals, and the specific parameters of the therapy.
What are some lifestyle changes recommended during pregnancy?
Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, and maintaining a balanced diet.
What are some contraindications for EPT?
Sensation impairment.
What is an indication for the use of EPT?
Muscle treatment and control of swelling.
What is evidence-based practice?
A practice that integrates clinical expertise, patient values, and the best available research evidence.
How do heat agents contribute to pain control?
They utilize pain gate control mechanisms.
What is practice-generated knowledge?
Knowledge gained from clinical practice and patient interactions.
What cooling agents are used in thermal therapy?
Ice pack, Cold compression device.
What skin condition is a contraindication for therapy?
Skin disease.
What is an example of endermotherapy?
M6, Cupping.
What is the dress code for practical sessions?
Appropriate dressing is required.
What should be considered in methods of application for EPT?
Set up procedures for the patient.
What types of research contribute to evidence?
Both published and unpublished research.
What are the categories of Electrophysical Agents (EPA)?
Thermal, Electromagnetic, Mechanical, Water, Compression, Endermotherapy, Extracorporeal shockwave.
What condition related to blood clots is a contraindication?
Deep Vein Thrombosis.
What sensory impairment is a contraindication for therapy?
Impaired sensation.
What factors determine patient indication for electrotherapy?
Patient's condition, treatment goals, and individual response to therapy.
How is evaluation conducted in electrotherapy?
By assessing the patient's response to treatment and adjusting as necessary.
What are examples of compression therapy?
Stocking, Pneumatic compression.
What are adjustable parameters in EPT?
Settings that can be modified during treatment.
What effect do heat agents have on motor neuron activity?
They decrease motor neuron activity.
What is the effect of heat agents on collagen extensibility?
They increase collagen extensibility.
What are examples of deep-heating agents in the thermal category?
Short-wave diathermy, TECAR.
What serious condition can result from excessive heat exposure during thermotherapy?
Heat stroke.
What is the significance of interaction in evidence-based practice?
It fosters collaboration between clinician and patient for better outcomes.
What type of tumor is a contraindication for therapy?
Malignant tumour / Recent radiated tissue.
Is pregnancy a contraindication for therapy?
Yes, pregnancy is a contraindication.
