What is convention in the context of fluid or gas?
Click to see answer
It occurs when a portion of the fluid or gas moves from one place to another.
Click to see question
What is convention in the context of fluid or gas?
It occurs when a portion of the fluid or gas moves from one place to another.
What are the components of the timetable?
Lecture, Practical, Mandatory open lab.
What is thermoregulation?
A mechanism by which humans maintain body temperature with tightly controlled self-regulation independent of external temperature.
What is the course code for Electrophysical Therapy and Advanced Technology in Rehabilitation?
PHSI N205F.
How is thermoregulation integrated in the body?
By a controlling mechanism in the CNS that responds to the heat of the tissues.
What is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
A condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
Who is the senior lecturer for the course?
Leung Chun Wa.
What is the primary role of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
To signal temperature sensation, allowing conscious perception of warming or cooling of the skin.
What are common symptoms of Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Swelling, pain, and redness in the affected leg.
What are the risks associated with Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
It can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism.
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to body temperature regulation?
They contribute to the unconscious regulation of body temperature.
How is Active Deep Vein Thrombosis diagnosed?
Through ultrasound imaging and clinical evaluation.
What is evaporation?
The transformation of liquid to gaseous state.
What is the term for tissue that is actively bleeding?
Current bleeding tissue.
What treatments are commonly used for Active Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Anticoagulants and compression therapy.
What is conduction?
The exchange of thermal energy when there is direct physical contact between two surfaces.
What is an example of a process that utilizes evaporation?
The use of vapocoolant spray.
What is an open wound?
A break in the skin that exposes underlying tissue.
What factors affect the rate of heat transfer in conduction?
The difference in temperature between regions or materials in contact.
What is a contraindication related to malignancy?
Recent radiated tissue.
What are the risks associated with current bleeding tissue?
Infection and further tissue damage.
Why is recent radiated tissue considered a contraindication?
It may be more susceptible to damage and complications.
What is a critical first step in managing an open wound?
Controlling the bleeding.
What is radiation in the context of thermal energy?
The exchange of electromagnetic energy due to temperature differences between two surfaces that are not in contact.
What is a contraindication?
A condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment.
What is a major issue with research-based evidence in evidence-based practice?
There is little to no research-based evidence.
Can you give an example of radiation?
The exchange of energy between skin and air.
What should be done to prevent infection in an open wound?
Clean the wound and apply a sterile dressing.
Why is it important to identify contraindications in therapy?
To prevent harm and ensure patient safety during treatment.
What is the main goal in patient care?
To competently function within the Patient Centred Safety Practice.
Who should you contact for available times for the Open Lab?
Ming.
How is the quality of existing research-based evidence described?
The body of research-based evidence is of poor quality.
Can you give an example of a contraindication?
Pregnancy may be a contraindication for certain therapies.
What causes radiation to occur?
A temperature difference between two surfaces.
What factor affects heat penetration related to the hot pack?
Temperature of the hot pack.
What model is emphasized in patient care?
The ICF model (International Classification of Functioning).
How many people need to gather before scheduling the Open Lab?
At least a group of 4.
What is the therapeutic window?
The range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively while staying within the safety range.
What concern is raised about the passive delivery nature of Electrophysical Therapy (EPT)?
It may be harmful to patients.
What is the subject weighting for the practical test assessment?
30%.
What role do contraindications play in patient assessment?
They help clinicians determine the appropriateness of a treatment for a specific patient.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Increase vascularity, blockage of lymphatic drainage, physical pressure or chemical irritation, pain, and swelling.
When is it suggested to start practicing in the Open Lab?
After the practical session to avoid confusion.
How does tissue composition affect heat penetration?
Different tissues (skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles) have varying thickness and volume.
What is essential for effective patient management?
Clinical reasoning.
What safety considerations should be taken for elderly patients?
Considerations include sensation and cognition.
Why is the therapeutic window important?
It helps to maximize therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse effects.
What ethical concern is associated with practitioners of EPT?
They may be committing fraud.
What are the key components of the practical test assessment?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, application of selected modality, and documentation.
Who should you email for questions to facilitate your practice?
Chun LEUNG.
What causes an increase in vascularity during inflammation?
Physical pressure or chemical irritation.
What role does vascularity play in heat penetration?
Vascularity of tissues affects how heat is distributed and absorbed.
What type of skin condition requires special attention in therapy?
Chronic wounds and fragile skin.
What type of documentation is important in patient care?
Evidence-based documentation.
What does impaired sensation refer to?
A reduced ability to perceive stimuli through the senses.
What happens if a drug is administered outside the therapeutic window?
It may lead to ineffective treatment or increased risk of toxicity.
What should students perform during the practical test?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
What is the function of cutaneous thermoreceptors?
They detect temperature changes in the skin.
What does EPA stand for?
Electrophysical Agents.
How can the properties of collagen change?
They can change with heat.
What type of assessment is the mid-term?
A written test.
What should you do after leaving the lab?
Tidy up and clean the lab.
How will the practical test be rated?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
What is a key component of effective patient interaction?
Communication.
What is a key consideration for teenagers in therapy?
Active epiphysis.
How is the therapeutic window determined?
Through clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
What is a consequence of blockage of lymphatic drainage in inflammation?
Swelling.
What is impaired cognition?
A decline in mental functions such as memory, attention, and reasoning.
What is the effect of heating muscles to a temperature between 40 ºC and 45 ºC?
It results in a reduction of spasm.
What is a key factor regarding the duration of heat application?
The duration of heat application influences the depth of heat penetration.
What material is a typical hot pack made of?
Bentonite (a silicate gel) covered with canvas.
What is proliferation in the context of tissue repair?
Formation and proliferation of new and immature repair tissues to replace damaged tissues.
What is the gate control theory?
A theory that explains how non-painful stimuli can inhibit the perception of pain.
How can heat be used in relation to stiff joints?
To more effectively mobilize a stiff joint.
What is the highest level of evidence in the hierarchy of evidence?
Systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs (Ia).
What is the primary purpose of EPA?
To evaluate, treat, and prevent impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
Who are the authors of 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Robertson, V., Ward, A., Low, J. & Reed, A.
What is tuberculosis?
A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.
What is the first activity in Practical Session 1?
Sensation test.
What is the subject weighting for the mid-term written test?
30%.
What should you report to Ming/Zang?
If equipment is broken or out of order.
What is eczema?
A skin condition characterized by inflamed, itchy, and red patches.
What condition should be considered when treating acute inflammation?
Acute inflammation itself requires careful management.
What are two main symptoms associated with inflammation?
Pain and swelling.
What is the subject weighting for the practical examination?
40%.
What are common causes of impaired sensation?
Nerve damage, neurological disorders, or injuries.
What is Electrophysical Therapy?
A therapeutic approach that uses electrical energy to promote healing and alleviate pain.
What happens to muscle strength and endurance during the first 30 minutes after applying heating agents?
They decrease.
What is the purpose of different sizes of hot packs?
To accommodate different treatment areas.
What is acute pain?
A type of pain that is short-term and usually results from injury or illness.
What level of evidence is a Randomized Control Trial (RCT)?
Level Ib.
What temperature is considered adequate for heating collagen to facilitate stretch?
Approximately 40 ºC.
What is a cardiac pacemaker?
An implanted device that helps regulate the heartbeat.
What is epithelialization?
The process of new epithelial tissue forming over a wound.
What evaluation procedures are involved in EPA?
Ultrasound imaging and electroneurophysiological testing.
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
What is the first phase of the tissue repair process?
Hemostasis, which involves stopping the bleeding.
What is a thermal agent?
A modality used in therapy that applies heat or cold to the body.
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
What should be reviewed regarding safety in Practical Session 1?
General contraindications and precautions.
What is the title of the book by Cameron published in 2021?
Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach to Practice.
What types of questions will the mid-term written test include?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and short questions.
What must you do to confirm your presence in the Open Lab?
Sign attendance.
What are common symptoms of psoriasis?
Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales.
What are the key components assessed in the practical examination?
Contraindication/precaution, skin sensation test, selection of modality, application of selected modality, and documentation.
What is the typical duration of a human pregnancy?
Approximately 40 weeks.
How can impaired cognition affect therapy?
It can hinder a patient's ability to follow instructions or engage in rehabilitation.
What is the role of inflammation in tissue healing?
Inflammation continues until infection is eradicated and prepares the tissue for new deposition.
What is the goal of remodeling in tissue healing?
To form the most structurally functional tissue possible at the injured area.
What are the main goals of Electrophysical Therapy?
To reduce pain, improve function, and facilitate tissue healing.
What are cutaneous thermoreceptors?
Sensory receptors in the skin that detect temperature changes.
How is heat transferred when using hot packs?
By means of conduction.
What is chronic pain?
A type of pain that persists for a long time, often lasting beyond the normal healing period.
What is the significance of heating collagen in therapy?
It facilitates stretch to a certain extent.
What characterizes a well-designed controlled study without randomization?
It is classified as level IIa in the hierarchy of evidence.
What does fibroplasia refer to?
The formation of fibrous tissue during the healing process.
How does a cardiac pacemaker function?
It sends electrical impulses to the heart to maintain a normal rhythm.
How does EPA assist in physical therapy?
By guiding treatment procedures and evaluating treatment outcomes.
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and prevents infection.
What types of heating agents can cause a decrease in muscle strength and endurance?
Both deep and superficial heating agents.
What is one advantage of using hot packs?
They are easy to use.
What follows hemostasis in the tissue repair process?
Inflammation, where the body responds to injury and begins healing.
What are the three primary methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation.
What are common symptoms of tuberculosis?
Cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
What type of therapy is included in Practical Session 1?
Hot pack.
Which edition of 'Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents: Evidence Behind Practice' was published in 2014?
3rd edition.
How long is the mid-term written test?
60 minutes.
What types of therapies may be used for patients with impaired sensation or cognition?
Electrophysical therapies, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation.
What triggers eczema flare-ups?
Allergens, irritants, stress, and weather changes.
What happens if the inflammatory phase is absent?
No tissue healing is possible.
What types of modalities are commonly used in Electrophysical Therapy?
Ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and laser therapy.
What does the scar attempt to mimic during the healing process?
The characteristics of the tissue it is healing.
What is metabolism in relation to cellular activity?
Metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that occur within cells.
What are the two main types of thermal agents?
Heat agents and cold agents.
What should students perform during the practical examination?
Self-introduction, interview to obtain relevant information, and corresponding assessment and intervention on their peers.
What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First trimester, second trimester, and third trimester.
Where are cutaneous thermoreceptors located?
In the skin.
What is the primary function of haemostasis?
To stop bleeding at the injured site.
What is a well-designed, quasi-experimental study classified as in the hierarchy of evidence?
Level IIb.
What percentage of the assessment is the mid-term test worth?
30%.
What conditions might require the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker?
Bradycardia, heart block, or other arrhythmias.
How does acute pain differ from chronic pain?
Acute pain is short-term and often linked to a specific injury, while chronic pain is long-lasting and may not have a clear cause.
What is homeothermy?
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of external environmental conditions.
At what temperature should hot packs be kept in a hydrocollator?
Approximately 70 to 80 ºC.
What is the title of the required textbook for the course?
Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice.
What types of energies are used in EPA treatment procedures?
Electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical energies.
What is the role of fibroblasts in tissue repair?
Fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix to support tissue regeneration.
What is the role of the proliferation phase in tissue repair?
It involves the formation of new tissue and blood vessels.
What is wound contracture?
The process where the edges of a wound pull together to reduce its size.
What is the relationship between motor neuron activity and muscle tone?
Motor neuron activity influences muscle tone.
What is a disadvantage of hot packs regarding patient comfort?
The patient may not tolerate the weight of the hot pack.
What are important local area considerations for safety during therapy?
Anterior neck, eyes, reproductive organs, chest/heart, and implants.
Which chapter covers contraindications and precautions in the Lab Manual?
Chapter 1.10.
What type of bacteria causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
Which publisher released 'Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice'?
Butterworth Heinemann, Elsevier.
Is psoriasis a chronic condition?
Yes, it is a chronic autoimmune condition.
What does the Induction Theory suggest about tissue healing?
Internal and external stresses placed on the injured area during the maturation phase determine the final tissue structure.
How are students rated in the practical examination?
According to the level of safety, accuracy, and effectiveness.
What is the first response in the inflammatory process?
Vasoconstriction.
Who can benefit from Electrophysical Therapy?
Patients with musculoskeletal injuries, chronic pain, and post-surgical recovery.
What is the primary purpose of using thermal agents in therapy?
To promote healing and relieve pain.
How much does the metabolic rate increase for each 1 ºC rise in tissue temperature?
By about 13%.
Where will the mid-term written test take place?
In venue F0717.
What major changes occur in a woman's body during pregnancy?
Hormonal changes, physical changes, and increased blood volume.
What types of temperature changes do cutaneous thermoreceptors respond to?
Both hot and cold stimuli.
What is the attendance requirement for the course?
80%.
What level of evidence do well-designed, non-experimental descriptive studies fall under?
Level III.
What are the components of a cardiac pacemaker?
A pulse generator and one or more leads.
What are some disadvantages of electric and microwavable heating pads?
They may have inconsistent heat distribution and can cause burns if not monitored.
When is the mid-term test scheduled?
9/10/2024.
Who are the authors of the required textbook?
Watson, T. and Nussbaum, E.L.
What are local factors affecting the healing process?
Type, size, and location of injury; infection; vascular supply; movement/excessive pressure; temperature deviation; topical medications; electromagnetic energy.
Why is maintaining homeothermy important?
It is crucial for optimal physiological functioning and metabolic processes.
What processes are auto-triggered during haemostasis?
Blood clotting and vasoconstriction.
What is angiogenesis?
The formation of new blood vessels during the healing process.
What levels do EPA treatment procedures target for biophysical effects?
Cellular, tissue, organic, and whole body levels.
What is the final phase of the tissue repair process?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens.
What is the final phase of tissue repair?
Remodeling, where the tissue matures and strengthens over time.
What is vasodilatation?
The widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow.
Which area of the body is particularly sensitive and requires safety considerations?
The anterior neck.
Why are hot packs considered cost-effective?
They use inexpensive materials.
What does the 'P' in PICO stand for?
Patient or Population.
Who are the authors of the 2023 article on electrophysical agents?
Belanger, A. Y., Selkowitz, D. M., & Lawson, D.
What is a precaution related to impaired circulation?
Avoid using thermal agents.
How does eczema differ from psoriasis?
Eczema is primarily itchy and inflamed, while psoriasis has thick, scaly patches.
What are the components of the Tension Theory in tissue healing?
Muscle tension, joint movement, soft tissue loading, and fascial gliding.
What is convection?
The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
What is the primary method for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Tuberculin skin test or chest X-ray.
What chapter should be read about hot and cold tests?
Chapter 1.11.
What follows vasoconstriction in the inflammatory process?
Clot formation.
What is the focus of the book 'Physical Agents in Rehabilitation'?
An evidence-based approach to practice.
Who is the first member of the teaching team?
Mr. Leung Chun Wa.
What happens to cells and tissues at temperatures of 45 ºC or greater?
The magnitude of protein damage results in destruction of cells and tissues.
Which content will be assessed in the mid-term written test?
Content from Week 1 to Week 4.
How do thermal agents affect blood flow?
They can increase or decrease blood flow depending on whether heat or cold is applied.
How do cutaneous thermoreceptors contribute to thermoregulation?
They help the body maintain a stable internal temperature by signaling temperature changes.
What should you do if you need to take sick leave?
Inform the coordinator via email and provide a sick leave letter from a doctor.
What is the significance of prenatal care?
To monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.
What is the lowest level of evidence in the hierarchy?
Expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experience of respected authorities (Level IV).
