A wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
Wavefront.
Polarisation is a phenomenon associated with transverse waves where vibrations are restricted to a particular direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation/energy transfer.
0.75 I
Unpolarised waves vibrate in random directions but always in a plane at right angles to the direction of energy transfer, while polarised waves have full restriction to the direction of vibration on a single plane.
The amount of energy passing through a unit area per unit time.
Waves in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
The position where the particles of the medium are at rest.
As the resultant displacement when two or more waves overlap.
Engineers make models out of transparent materials and observe the fringe pattern formed to identify regions of high stress.
Open-ended question, no specific answer provided.
When one end of a coil spring is compressed.
Energy carried by wave passing normally through unit area, S in unit time.
Waves in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave.
n1 is the refractive index of the initial material (e.g., air) and n2 is the refractive index of the material scattering the light.
Reduces glare from reflecting surfaces, such as in sunglasses.
Three types of waves.
The observed wavelength = (velocity of sound + velocity of the source) / frequency of the source.
Waves consisting of series of compression (regions of high pressure) and rarefaction (regions of low pressure). Examples include water waves and light waves.
Wavelength (𝜆) is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase.
It indicates the position, phase, and direction of the wave.
They are transverse waves, travel with the same speed in free space, and can be polarised.
The width of the gap compared with the wavelength.
3.0 × 10^8 m/s.
1.5 m.
A polariser will only transmit light that is polarised parallel to its transmission axis.
Distance moved in a specified direction from rest position.
Answer choices: A) 45° B) 135° C) 180° D) 270°.
The wave does not propagate, only vibrating up and down, trapping energy.
Half the intensity of the wave is always lost.
The region where the particles are spread apart.
The increase or decrease in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move towards or away from each other.
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs, period is the time taken for one complete wave cycle, and amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.
The observed wavelength = (velocity of sound - velocity of the source) / frequency of the source.
Both transverse and longitudinal waves could be graphically represented by displacement-distance and displacement-time graphs.
Frequency (f) is the number of complete oscillations or cycles of a wave that occur in a unit of time.
The observer towards which the source is moving observes a higher frequency, and the observer from which the source is receding observes a lower frequency.
By using superposition to measure the separation of pulses on the C.R.O. when sound waves are used instead of radio waves, considering the speed of sound as 300 m/s.
Because they oscillate parallel to the direction of travel.
A wave is any disturbance that moves from equilibrium position.
Transverse waves have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, while longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
The intensity of the light transmitted by the analyser will be zero, since cos(90°) = 0.
The light observed from the star is red-shifted.
Answer not provided.
The pitch is higher as it approaches and lower as it recedes.
No, longitudinal waves cannot be polarised.
By capturing sound waves with a microphone, converting them into electrical signals, and displaying the wave pattern on the C.R.O. screen to count the number of divisions occupied by one cycle of the wave.
Malus's law (I = I0 cos^2θ) is used to calculate the intensity of a plane polarised electromagnetic wave after transmission through a polarising filter or a series of polarising filters.
Malus's law states that if the analyser is rotated by an angle θ with respect to the polariser, the intensity of the light transmitted by the analyser is given by I = I0 * cos²(θ).
Transverse waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel, while longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel.
Answer not provided.
Answer not provided.
The change in pitch of a note heard when an emergency vehicle passes by while sounding its siren.
No, sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum.
The intensity of wave 2 is 2.4 × 10 – 6 W m – 2.
α (alpha).
Only transverse waves.
Through a polariser or polarising filter, which only allows oscillations in a certain plane to be transmitted.
Wave motion.
The observed frequency is affected by the speed of the source and the speed of sound in the medium.
Transverse & Longitudinal waves.
Mechanical Waves, Electromagnetic Waves, Matter Waves.
The graph shows the displacement of one particle at a particular distance from the source varies with time.
𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
The corresponding amplitude is 2A.
Intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude.
The spreading out of waves when passing through a narrow gap.
400 – 700nm.
The property of waves restricted to vibrations in a certain plane.
The main transmitter emits waves that are vertically polarized, and the relay station emits waves that are horizontally polarized.
When a stretched rope is flipped at one end.
The change in observed frequency when a source of waves moves relative to a stationary observer.
The time taken to complete 1 oscillation or 1 cycle.
Speed = ....................................... m s – 1
The speed of sound in a medium is directly proportional to the square root of the pressure in the medium.
Brewster’s angle is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a surface.
Submerging a glass block in water produces a sudden change in the depth of the water, causing the waves to change speed and direction.
Transverse waves can be polarised by restricting vibrations to a specific direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation/energy transfer.
The intensity of the transmitted polarised light falls by half.
The wave equation describes the propagation of waves and is used to analyze the behavior of waves in various mediums.
By using the formula: speed of the car = speed of sound * ((observed frequency - source frequency) / source frequency).
The distance between 2 adjacent peaks, crests, or troughs.
Yes, electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
The point or wave is ahead or behind another point in degrees or radians.
Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference patterns.
From radio waves to gamma rays.
Progressive waves transfer energy from one point to another, while standing waves do not transfer energy and are formed by the interference of two waves.
They can be polarised, travel with the same speed in vacuum, can be refracted and diffracted, do not need a medium, and can transfer energy from one place to another.
By analyzing and interpreting graphical representations of both types of waves.
Open-ended question, no specific answer provided.
f' = (v +/- vo) / (v - vs) * fo
The number of complete waves produced per unit time, measured in hertz (Hz).
A line or surface on which the disturbance is in phase at all points, or the timing of a point within a wave cycle.
Progressive & Standing waves.
Answer not provided.
The displacement of a wave from its rest position.
The vibrations of the particles in the wave are parallel in the same direction to the direction in which the wave is traveling.
A line showing the position of the crest of a wave.
The graph shows the displacement of the vibrating particles or the transmitting medium at different distances from the source at a certain instant.
The relationship is given by the equation v = 𝜆 * f, where v is the speed of the wave, 𝜆 is the wavelength, and f is the frequency.
Phase difference = ................................ unit .........
No change in observed frequency.
Use a strobe or video camera to view the clear wavefront produced.
Amplitude = ......................................... mm
