What is dysthymic disorder?
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A persistent depressed mood lasting two years or more, milder than major depressive disorder.
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What is dysthymic disorder?
A persistent depressed mood lasting two years or more, milder than major depressive disorder.
What types of antidepressants are mentioned for biological treatment?
SSRIs (sertraline, fluoxetine), SNRIs (venlafaxine), TCAs (nortriptyline), and mood stabilizers (lithium).
Which neurological conditions are associated with mood disorders?
Stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and frontal lobe brain tumors.
What is the difference between BDI and Hamilton Rating Scale?
BDI is self-rated, while Hamilton is observer-rated.
What substances are known to affect mood?
Cocaine, amphetamines, and alcohol.
What metabolic deficiencies can lead to mood disorders?
Iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia.
What is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale used for?
To assess postnatal depression.
What are the key features of dysthymic disorder?
More mild symptoms, no history of mania, and no prolonged symptom-free periods.
What is the main difference between grief and depression?
Grief is based on the loss of a person, while depression is a broader mental health issue.
What are the three stages of grief?
Shock/disbelief, mourning, and acceptance.
What are some risk factors for postnatal depression?
Pregnancy complications, baby health issues, history of PMS, past family history of depression, and traumatic events.
What does SIGECAPS stand for in assessing depression?
Sleep, Interests, Guilt/self-esteem, Energy, Concentration, Appetite/Libido, Psychomotor agitation, Suicidal ideation.
What social investigations can assist in understanding a patient's condition?
Collateral information from friends, family members, or the GP.
What is recurrent depressive disorder?
A type of depression that recurs over time.
What social support options are suggested?
Support groups, social work for housing or financial issues, and occupational therapy.
What are some medications that can contribute to mood disorders?
Steroids, beta blockers, and estrogen.
What psychological investigations can be used for assessing depression?
Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.
How long does grief typically last?
6 to 12 months.
What infections can contribute to mood disorders?
Mononucleosis, viral hepatitis, and encephalitis.
What initial steps should be taken in managing a patient with depression?
Conduct a thorough risk assessment and gather personal and medical history.
What psychological therapies are recommended?
Psychoeducation, CBT, mindfulness, and family therapy.
What biological investigations are recommended for mood disorders?
Blood tests, brain CT/MRI, and ECG.
What is the difference between baby blues and postpartum depression?
Baby blues start a few days after birth and last about 2 weeks, while postpartum depression lasts longer.
What are the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for depression?
At least FIVE symptoms (at least ONE from the affective cluster) occurring most of the day, nearly every day, for at least TWO WEEKS
Affective cluster
depressed mood
reduced interest in activities
Cognitive-behavioural cluster
reduced concentration
low self-worth, self guilt
hopelessness about the future
recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation or attempted suicide
Neurovegetative cluster
disrupted or excessive sleep
reduced or increased appetite or weight change
psychomotor agitation or retardation
reduced energy, fatigue or tiredness after minimal effort
