Topic 3

Torque sensor.

It is designed for delicate tasks.

By using an electronic controller to switch DC currents to the motor windings.

It uses an electric brush for contact.

Safe and can provide large force and torque.

Miniaturized and personalized robotic systems.

Order, degree, or rank of the tensor.

The specific use case and requirements.

Electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, piezoelectric, and shape memory alloys.

How heavy the cargo is.

A rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns.

Electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic.

A type of electromagnet formed by a helical coil of wire whose length is much greater than its diameter, generating a controlled magnetic field.

To collect information from environments that are difficult to access.

They rely on medical imaging modalities in separate setups.

B = μ₀NI/l, where μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m.

The Cauchy stress tensor.

Since 2007.

It can hold its position at one of the steps using an open-loop controller.

Torque and speed.

A joint that only allows rotational motion about a single axis.

A robot, a robotic arm, or a robotic manipulator.

Addition of two vectors, multiplication by a scalar, dot product, and cross product.

They can achieve very high precision and resolution in movement.

A uniform magnetic field in a volume of space.

Space exploration, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.

θ1 = 30° and θ2 = 45°.

It depends on the specific parameters of the coil and the distance.

Temperature, pressure, chemical composition, and other environmental parameters.

The angle around the common normal between the previous z-axis and the current z-axis.

They can be easily scaled up or down.

An electric current creates a magnetic field.

A type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with functions similar to a human arm.

It is based on the change in shape of a piezoelectric material when an electric field is applied.

Certain solids such as crystals, ceramics, and biological matter like bone, DNA, and proteins.

Revolute joint.

Small range and small force/torque.

The sum of θ and θ0.

High accuracy and precision.

It has something to do with air.

The distance between the previous X-axis and the current X-axis, along the previous Z-axis.

Prismatic, revolute, spherical, screw, and others.

The robotic arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or part of a more complex tool.

Japan.

An algebraic object that describes a multilinear relationship between sets of algebraic objects related to a vector space.

They offer high resolution and work at high frequencies.

Magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the electric current.

To make robots better, more accessible, and available to everyone.

In scientific research, medical diagnostics, and industrial applications.

Kitchen tasks and aiding elders.

The length of the common normal, which is the distance between the previous z-axis and the current z-axis.

It has something to do with liquid.

It lies along the 'common normal', the shortest orthogonal line between the previous Z-axis and the current Z-axis.

The angle around the common normal between the previous Z-axis and the current Z-axis.

A joint that only allows linear motion along a single axis.

Collaboration with human beings.

China.

ABB.

Less efficient, hotter, shorter life span, and need more maintenance.

The magnetic field generated by a constant electric current.

To gather data or information from specific environments or subjects.

In everyday users' homes for specific tasks.

The distance between the previous x-axis and the current x-axis, along the previous z-axis.

They are low cost.

They are not flexible.

Collaborative Robots.

By applying an electric field to piezoelectric materials, causing them to deform and create movement.

Risk of leaking fluid.

y = L1 * sin(θ1) + L2 * sin(θ1 + θ0).

Relatively low force.

C++ and Python.

Gathering, processing, and understanding raw information from various sensors.

The text does not specify, but challenges may include technical limitations and user adaptability.

Acceleration sensor.

It lies on the axis of rotation for a revolute joint or the axis of extension for a prismatic joint.

They set up the control of each joint.

The terminus of the kinematic chain, analogous to the human hand.

It allows for more complex movements and flexibility.

The converse piezoelectric effect.

Instruments used to gather data or measure specific parameters.

Mechanics, electrodynamics, general relativity, and others.

Programmable and can provide high resolution.

Heavy lifting, climbing, and disaster rescuing.

UNIMATE.

It falls into place by following the 'right hand rule' after calculating the other two axes.

The length of the common normal, the distance between the previous Z-axis and the current Z-axis.

Collaboration with other robots and machines.

A direct current (DC) electric power supply.

The permanent magnet rotor.

It is a kind of electric motor that operates based on piezoelectricity.

Ultrasound, X-ray, MRI, fluorescent, etc.

An open-source framework that helps researchers and developers build and reuse code between robotics applications.

By enabling remote sensing and data collection in various environments.

The ability to automatically detect danger and risk.

By providing real-time data for monitoring and control processes.

It should lie on the axis of rotation for a revolute joint or the axis of extension for a prismatic joint.

Multiply all of the matrices together, starting with the first joint up to the end effector.

Cameras and encoders.

How steady the base is.

China.

To access hard-to-reach regions.

Integration with medical imaging.

They typically have limited travel range compared to other motor types.

As multidimensional arrays where the total number of indices required to identify each component is equal to the dimension of the array.

The need for seamless integration between different imaging systems.

Human hand size.

They represent a standardized way to describe the geometry of robotic arms.

Arms, drones, mobile bases, etc.

They consume power and generate heat even when not rotating.

Load (kg), resolution (position, force, torque), sensing capabilities, self-weight, and other parameters.

The angle around the previous Z-axis between the previous X-axis and the current X-axis.

Germany.

Transpose, multiplication by a scalar, multiplication by another matrix, and inverse.

Relatively accurate and easy to control.

Germany.

Cheaper and less complex.

They assist human beings in challenging tasks.

As a generalized matrix.

The internal magnetic field increases.

A brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into equal steps.

The angle around the z-axis between the previous x-axis and the current x-axis.

Position sensor.

Temperature sensor.

They can be difficult to set up.

How about the arm of force.

A type of motor that uses piezoelectric materials to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion.

Used in precision positioning systems, medical devices, and optical equipment.

They do not provide enough information compared to other imaging modalities.

x = L1 * cos(θ1) + L2 * cos(θ1 + θ0).

Temperature, pressure, chemical composition, and more.

The awareness of its environment.

Libraries that allow integration or the installation of rosbridge to use any language that can speak JSON.

Ultrasound probes.

Force sensor.

It falls into place by following the 'right hand rule' after calculating the other two axes.

They operate with high efficiency.

They can replace human workers in dangerous workspaces.

A software layer.

It should lie along the 'common normal', the shortest orthogonal line between the previous z-axis and the current z-axis.

Mechanical, electrical, and fire dangers.