When do the needs of the body emerge according to the Dynamic Point of View?
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From the start.
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When do the needs of the body emerge according to the Dynamic Point of View?
From the start.
What is negation in the context of defense mechanisms?
It involves negating a disturbing attitude.
Can you give an example of displacement?
The urge to harm one’s father could be transformed into a self-destructive tendency.
What does the Id want?
To have its wishes satisfied.
What does the Ego experience in relation to unacceptable wishes?
It feels threatened by the pressure of unacceptable wishes.
What do Freud's viewpoints focus on?
Different aspects of the mind.
How is negation related to denial?
It is easy to confuse with denial.
What is sublimation in the context of defense mechanisms?
It is the process where instinctual sexual activity is repressed and re-channelled into socially acceptable pursuits, such as art and sport.
What is regression in the context of defense mechanisms?
Returning to an earlier stage of development where the person was fixated.
What is compensation in the context of defense mechanisms?
It consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing positive traits to make up for limitations.
What did Sigmund Freud elaborate about the mind?
That the mind is a complex energy system.
What does Freud's work provide to counselors?
A deep well of personality concepts.
What is transference in psychoanalysis?
A displacement of one’s feelings onto a substitute object.
What is a fundamental rule for analysis in psychoanalysis?
Encouragement of free association.
What happens to the reality of a situation in denial?
The reality is not accepted.
What are the two principles that create conflict within the ego?
The reality principle and the pleasure principle.
Can you give an example of denial?
Refusal to accept that a person has died.
What does Thanatos signify in terms of human behavior?
It signifies instincts towards aggression and self-destruction.
What should clients put aside while engaging in free association?
All self-criticism.
What is the Oedipus complex?
A child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy toward the same-sex parent.
What tragic event occurs when Oedipus returns to Thebes?
He unknowingly slays his father, King Laius.
What does interpretation help clients understand about repressed impulses?
The objects to which they have become attached.
What is the first stage of development in Freud's theory?
The oral stage.
How might unconscious feelings of dependency manifest in a person?
They could give rise to an illness that requires care from others.
What are the two basic categories of instincts according to Freud?
Eros and Thanatos.
What is Reaction Formation in defense mechanisms?
The process of turning an attitude into its opposite, where the ego acknowledges an impulse contrary to the one it feels threatened by.
What concepts did Freud refine?
The unconscious, infantile sexuality, and repression.
How might a sexual impulse be countered in Reaction Formation?
By feelings of shame, disgust, or loathing of sexual matters.
How has Freud's work enhanced understanding in counseling?
It enhanced the understanding of the biological basis of human functioning.
Can you give an example of transference?
Substituting a lover for one’s parent.
What is projection in the context of defense mechanisms?
An instinctual impulse is externalized because it is unacceptable.
What does Eros use to shoot darts of desire?
His bow.
What is the aim of encouraging free association?
To lift repression by making unconscious material conscious.
What portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind?
75 - 80%.
What is the role of dreams in psychoanalysis?
Dreams are seen as a window into the unconscious mind.
What role does interpretation play in the ego's management of libidinal energy?
It helps the ego take control of repressed libidinal energy.
What feelings are associated with the Oedipus Complex?
Attraction for the parent of the opposite sex and hatred of the parent of the same sex.
What is countertransference?
The uncontrolled response of the analyst to the patient’s transference.
What behavior might indicate regression?
Clinging to a parent.
Who is Thanatos in Greek mythology?
The god of death.
What is fixation in the context of defense mechanisms?
A condition caused by anxiety about advancing to the next stage of sexual development, leading to the libido lagging behind.
What happens to unacceptable wishes and ideas?
They become charged with unpleasurable feelings and are barred from consciousness.
Who is Eros in Greek mythology?
The god of love.
What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?
Involuntary exclusion of painful, conflicting thoughts, memories, or impulses.
How does a girl respond to her mother's lack of a penis?
She turns away from her mother.
What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis?
To explore the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.
What aspect of Freud's ideas helps in understanding self-defeating behavior?
His ideas on defense mechanisms.
Why is Eros called the life instinct?
Because it encompasses self-preserving and erotic instincts.
What does the reality principle entail?
Living life according to the demands of society.
What percentage of an iceberg is visible above water?
10%.
How does psychoanalysis apply to modern therapy?
It helps in understanding underlying issues and patterns in behavior.
What is the outcome of Oedipus's actions regarding his mother?
He marries his mother, fulfilling the prophecy.
What drives an infant from the moment of birth according to Freud?
The desire for bodily pleasure.
What are the three distinct agencies of the mind according to the Topographical Point of View?
Id, Ego, and Super-Ego.
When does countertransference usually occur?
When a therapist does not come to terms with his own emotional baggage.
What is a practical application of the psychoanalytic approach in Hong Kong?
Discussing its relevance in addressing mental health issues and cultural dynamics.
When does regression typically occur?
When the individual feels threatened.
What are the three separate component parts of the mind according to the Topographical Point of View?
Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious.
What are some cons of using Psychoanalysis today?
Time-consuming, expensive, and may lack empirical support.
What is denial in the context of defense mechanisms?
Non-acceptance of the outside world because it is painful.
Can the large number of instincts be simplified?
Yes, they can be reduced to a few basic ones.
What fear leads a boy to abandon love for his mother?
The fear of being castrated.
What is the role of Repression Proper in relation to guilt?
It serves to keep guilt-laden wishes out of conscious experience.
How might denial manifest in social situations?
Denial of criticism by others.
What percentage of an iceberg is beneath the water?
90%.
What age range corresponds to the Anal phase?
1 to 3 years.
What does the part of the iceberg beneath the surface represent?
The preconscious and unconscious mind.
What act releases the desire for pleasure during the oral stage?
Sucking.
What is isolation as a defense mechanism?
The emotion that accompanies an idea is detached from that idea to diminish its significance.
What is rationalization in the context of defense mechanisms?
Putting forward false reasons to justify unacceptable attitudes.
What is the primary purpose of defense mechanisms?
To keep psychological disturbances outside the realms of consciousness.
Which defense mechanism is linked to obsessional neurosis?
Projection.
How are needs connected in the Dynamic Point of View?
They are connected to feelings of pleasure and pain.
What defense mechanisms are associated with depression?
Reversal and introjection.
Who is the brother of Thanatos?
Hypnos (sleep).
What is the primary concern of the ego according to the economic point of view?
Self-preservation and satisfaction of the body.
How is negation related to reaction formation?
Negation is closely related to reaction formation.
What wish replaces the wish for a penis in a girl?
The wish to bear the father a child.
What do defense mechanisms address?
The conflicting demands of the id and superego.
Why do people use projection as a defense mechanism?
To avoid acknowledging the extent of their own aggressive or sexual impulses.
What psychological conflict arises from the Oedipus Complex?
The conflict between desire for the mother and rivalry with the father.
What role does repression play in the ego?
It is the control defensive mechanism of the ego.
What are the Models of the Mind in Freud's theory?
Conceptual frameworks that describe the structure and function of the human psyche.
What additional anxiety arises during the phallic phase?
Fear of castration.
What key issue is addressed during the Anal phase?
Issues of autonomy and self-control, including toilet training.
What is the focus of the Latency phase?
Strengthening gender identity.
What complex arises during the phallic stage?
The Oedipus Complex.
What does the Dynamic Point of View emphasize?
The interplay of forces within the mind when instinctual drives meet external reality.
Can you give an example of rationalization?
The false belief that someone deserves punishment justifies hurting that person.
What is the structural model of the mind?
A perspective that includes the roles of the Ego, Super-Ego, and Id in consciousness.
How can compensation have direct adjustive value?
It can help individuals cope with their limitations by focusing on their strengths.
Which components of the mind play roles in all three levels of consciousness?
Ego and Super-Ego.
What does the name Eros mean in Greek?
Bodily love or sexuality.
How does repression function?
It works by managing material in the preconscious and forcing some into the unconscious.
What characterizes the Unconscious mind?
It is not accessible to awareness and consists of feelings and ideas tied to anxiety, conflict, and pain fixated in a moment of repression.
What is the general perception of Thanatos among mortals?
He is feared by all mortals.
Why are defense mechanisms important for the ego?
They enable individuals to cope with sources of anxiety; the ego could not cope without them.
What are defense mechanisms?
Psychological strategies used to cope with anxiety and protect the self.
What generates anxiety in early childhood according to the text?
Loss of love or loss of an object.
What are the basic instincts according to Freud?
Eros (life instinct) and Thanatos (death instinct) that drive human behavior.
What does the ego do when it becomes aware of an endangering instinctual demand?
It uses defense mechanisms to control it.
What occurs during the Genital phase?
Development of sex drive, reworking of prior conflicts, and a mature sense of personal identity.
What session number is being referred to?
Session 3.
Can you give an example of isolation?
A person who was beaten as a child may recall the beatings in an unemotional and detached way.
Do Freud's viewpoints on mental life exclude each other?
No, they complement each other.
What is primal repression?
The process where instinctual impulses of early pleasure/pain experiences are bound to mental representatives, such as images and ideas.
What does Eros represent in psychoanalysis?
Eros covers all the self-preserving and erotic instincts, referred to as the life instinct.
What happens to material associated with already repressed mental representations of instincts?
It is also repressed.
What happens to the images and ideas associated with primal repression?
They are denied access to consciousness.
Give an example of Reaction Formation involving parental feelings.
An unconscious dislike of a parent may be transformed into a feeling of admiration.
What must clients do during free association?
Tell their analyst everything that occurs to them, even if it is uncomfortable or seemingly meaningless.
What does the boy-child do after fearing castration?
He identifies with the father.
Who wrote 'Oedipus the King'?
Sophocles.
What types of thoughts should clients share during free association?
All thoughts, memories, associations, feelings, and ideas.
Who does Eros shoot darts of desire into?
The bosoms of gods and men.
How did Freud define sexuality?
As any form of pleasure that derives from the body.
What does interpretation aim to understand regarding the id?
The impulses of the id.
What is established during the Phallic phase?
The foundation of sexual identity.
What is the second stage of development in Freud's psychosexual stages?
The anal stage.
What is the role of the Ego?
Relates to the external world and operates via the reality principle.
What is displacement in the context of defense mechanisms?
An attitude is detached from its original object and directed towards someone else.
What is conversion in the context of defense mechanisms?
A psychological disorder is transformed into a physical one.
What is introjection in the context of defense mechanisms?
The process of unconsciously emulating someone else.
How does introjection manifest in a child's behavior regarding parental condemnation?
A child may suppress and condemn their own behavior, such as masturbation, if their parents strongly condemn it.
What is the purpose of the compensation defense mechanism?
To redirect attention from perceived inferiority to accomplishments.
Who are the parents of Thanatos?
Nyx (night) is his mother.
What is the Oedipus Complex?
The boy-child sees the father as a rival in the love of the mother and fantasizes about killing the father to possess the mother.
How might fixation manifest in a child's behavior?
A child may remain dependent on motherly love instead of forming new object cathexes.
Which part of the mind is limited to the Unconscious?
Id.
What is established as a result of primal repression?
A fixation that splits the conscious from the unconscious.
What technique is commonly used in psychoanalysis to uncover repressed thoughts?
Free association.
What concept did Freud introduce regarding children and sexuality?
Infantile sexuality, suggesting that sexual instincts can be discerned from birth.
What type of feelings are transferred in transference?
Feelings that were previously directed to another object.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
A prominent psychologist known for founding psychoanalysis, lived from 1856 to 1939.
What accusation was made against Freud regarding his views on sexuality?
He was accused of 'pan-sexualism', tracing all action to sexual instinct.
What is the purpose of dream analysis in psychoanalysis?
To uncover unconscious material and provide insight into unresolved problems.
What is infantile sexuality?
Freud's concept that children experience sexual feelings and desires at a young age.
What is countertransference?
The therapist's emotional entanglement with the patient's transference.
What principle does the Id operate under?
The pleasure principle: 'I want it all and I want it now.'
What is the function of the Super-Ego?
Embodiment of parental and social values; enforces and stores rules.
What is the focus of SS 5800?
Counselling Theories and Practice.
What are the three points of view Freud considered for mental life?
Dynamic, economic, and topographical.
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
What are some pros of using Psychoanalysis today?
In-depth understanding of unconscious processes and emotional conflicts.
How does Freud view instincts in his theories?
He opposes one instinct with another.
What can cause a fixation to an earlier stage of sexual satisfaction?
Anxiety about advancing to the next stage of sexual development.
What is the operation that prevents unacceptable wishes from entering consciousness?
Repression.
What is the primary focus of Thanatos?
Thanatos covers all instincts towards aggression, self-destruction, and cruelty, referred to as the death instinct.
How does repressed material return to consciousness?
In the form of dreams and Freudian slips.
What is transference in psychoanalysis?
The projection of feelings and attitudes from one person onto the therapist.
Give an example of projection.
People may attribute their aggressive or sexual impulses to others.
What prophecy is told to King Laius of Thebes?
He will be killed by his own son.
What is the focus of the Oral phase in psychosexual development?
Seeking love and nurturing, and developing trust.
What does the visible part of the iceberg represent in terms of consciousness?
The conscious mind.
How does interpretation assist clients in relation to repression?
By replacing repression with judgments appropriate to the present rather than childhood.
What stage follows the anal stage in Freud's theory?
The phallic stage.
What does the Id represent in the mind?
Basic needs and wishes, ruled by the pleasure principle.
What principle does the Ego operate under?
'You can't always get what you want.'
What is Repression Proper?
It is the process that keeps guilt-laden wishes out of conscious experience.
What does a girl blame her mother for in the context of the Oedipus Complex?
For not having a penis.
How do specific defenses relate to psychological disorders?
Specific defenses are linked to specific psychological disorders.
What is the function of the Preconscious mind?
It holds ordinary memory; things stored here can be brought into the conscious mind.
What does Eros embody in Greek mythology?
Harmony and the creative powers of nature.
Which psychoanalytical concepts are important for all counselors?
Transference, resistance, free association, and interpretation.
What does the fixation formed by primal repression create?
The unconscious, which is ineradicable and permanent.
What did Freud argue is the most important force in adult life?
Sexual energy, or libido.
What is a significant factor in the development of defense mechanisms?
The child's struggle with sexuality in the first five years.
What is repression in psychoanalysis?
A defense mechanism that involves unconsciously blocking unacceptable thoughts or memories.
What contributes to anxiety during and after the latency period?
The superego.
What is transference in psychoanalysis?
The process where patients project feelings about important figures in their lives onto the therapist.
In the anal stage, where is the locus of pleasure release?
The anus during defecation.
What does the Conscious mind hold?
What you are aware of, what you can verbalize and think of.
What is a common example of negation?
Individuals wanting to get rid of a sibling might develop the idea that they never want to be separated from that sibling.
What were Sigmund Freud's professions?
Physiologist, medical doctor, and psychologist.
What is the historical significance of Freud's psychodynamic theory?
It influenced many other theorists, including Adler, Jung, Klein, Horney, Sullivan, Fromm, Winnicott, and Bowlby.
How is Thanatos described in Greek mythology?
Horrible, painful, cruel, and pitiless.
When does transference typically occur?
During psychoanalytical cure, when the patient transfers feelings onto the analyst.
What happens to unconscious material in repression?
It may undergo censorship to prevent it from entering the preconscious.
What year was 'Oedipus the King' written?
Around 430 B.C.
What does the pleasure principle entail?
Living life according to wishes and desires contrary to society.
What happens to Oedipus as a baby?
He is pitied by a shepherd and survives instead of being killed.
What are the psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
Stages of development that shape personality, including oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.
What age range does the Genital phase cover?
11 years to adulthood.
When does the Super-Ego develop?
It is the last part of the mind to develop.
