brief history of ph art 2 (1)

Luna won gold for 'Spoliarium' and Hidalgo won silver for 'Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho'.

Pomp and pageantry of religious processions.

It was designated for organizing and gaining control of the native populace, consisting of the municipio and the church.

It is on long-term loan to the National Art Gallery in Singapore.

A painting style combining names of individuals and vignettes of everyday life.

An operetta featuring singing, dancing, and prose dialogue.

They evoke the concept of paradise.

A woman teaching a child how to read.

'Genius knows no country.'

The doctrine of Tawhid, or unity of God.

The impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being.

It continues to evolve and is considered 'contemporary' as it is still being produced.

The general way of life before colonization.

Three goddesses descend from heaven to bless the planting of rice.

Araguio or arakyo.

A lifeless body being pulled across the coliseum.

The development of lithography.

The mihrab or niche and the Qibla wall.

'Pre-conquest' or 'indigenous' art.

San Agustin Church in Manila and Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte.

A colorful double-layered mat made of pandan leaves by the Sama of Tawi-Tawi.

Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan.

A viriña or urna.

To protect individuals from evil spirits and as a badge of maturity and bravery.

They serve as reminders of the Philippines' oppression under Spanish rule.

The oppression of the Philippines under Spanish rule.

It illustrates the relationship between Spain and the Philippines, with Mother Spain leading Filipinas towards enlightenment.

A Passion play performed during Lent.

Ilustrado, meaning 'enlightened ones.'

At the Lopez Museum.

Love stories between Christian heroes and Islamic heroines.

A headpiece woven by the Tausug of Sulu.

They inspire curvilinear and flowing forms, despite Islam's rejection of direct copying of natural images.

The sarimanok.

Jose Honorato Lozano.

Mother Spain.

Gaspar Aquino de Belen in 1704.

The baroque style, characterized by grandeur, drama, and elaborate details.

They were shown fully covered in tattoos, leading to the name 'Islas de los Pintados.'

Fibers from plants like cotton, abaca, and pineapple leaves; pigments from clay, roots, and leaves.

To ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting.

Backstrap loom and pedal loom.

The space occupied by the woman in the painting.

Large in scale and grandiose in effect.

At the National Art Gallery.

It imparts knowledge about belief systems, reverence for spirits and nature, and sociopolitical structures.

Francisco Balagtas.

They adjusted European designs to suit native sensibilities and local environmental conditions.

Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and Ifugao.

Pottery, weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry.

Brass chains, bells, and colorful beads.

A metal casting technique that involves using molds filled with liquefied metal.

The kendi is a round vessel with no handle, while the gadur has a tapered top and flared base.

Shamanistic rituals, dances, and chants.

Flora de Filipinas, an extensive compilation of Philippine plants.

The first art school in the Philippines, the Academia de Dibujo.

Rituals that involve music and dance.

A ritual in Batanes that is part of the cultural heritage.

The Water Carrier by Lorenzo Guerrero.

For ablution or cleansing before entering the sacred space.

With a full staging of the crucifixion, including devotees being nailed to a cross.

A textile with exquisite tapestry panels called langkit, woven by the Maranao of Lanao del Sur.

Art conformed to the demands of the church and the colonial state.

Filipino artistic excellence at par with European standards.

Laureano Atlas and Felipe Sevilla.

It gained economic benefits for the native elites and allowed them to study in Europe.

The use of chiaroscuro to heighten the composition's sense of drama.

The order of the universe and levels of cosmic existence.

Marcelo Adonay.

It reflects a regard for heaven and a desire to veer from the 'material earth.'

They served as propagandists pleading for reforms in the Philippines.

A decree implemented in 1884 requiring Filipino natives to acquire Spanish names.

Through abstract forms and patterns that encourage mental concentration.

A ritual in the Cordillera Autonomous Region officiated by a shaman, involving animal sacrifice and divination.

Mythological themes, historical scenes, landscapes, still life, and genre.

Planting, harvesting, rites of passage, funerary ceremonies, and weddings.

Islam was entrenched in the region before Spanish colonization, influencing cultural practices and art.

Fish traps made from woven bamboo strips.

Its carving tradition, particularly of santos and other wooden sculptures.

Art was woven into everyday life and rituals, not seen as separate categories.

It integrates architecture and sculpture, featuring the town's patron saint and often embellished with decorative elements.

An elaborately carved protrusion akin to a wing attached to the torogan.

It refers to paintings that create an illusion of three-dimensionality, seen in ceilings and walls of churches like Taal Basilica.

A horse with the head of a woman, believed to carry the Prophet in his ascension to heaven.

Imitating the movements of animals during hunts.

Panunuluyan, pastores, and tatlong hari.

A terrifying depiction of hell, warning against a sinful life.

It may have been disapproved by the friars for its more native depiction.

Archbishop Juan Rodriguez Angel.

It introduced printing technology for catechism and prayer books in Spanish.

Bahay na bato.

The movement of seabirds.

Through activities like hunting, which led to music, dance, theater, and storytelling.

In 1742.

It marked the beginnings of literature and was part of communal gatherings.

A carved figure regarded as a granary god in the Cordilleras.

As a head sling to carry harvests.

It features representations of various ethnolinguistic groups and their ornamentation.

It is the first scientific map of the Philippines, produced in collaboration with local artists.

It may feature motifs from the Tree of Life, reflecting nature in a stylized manner.

Pipes, flutes, zithers, drums, kudyapi, kulintang, gansa, bamboo percussion instruments, and agong.

Religious art, lowland Christian art, or folk art.

The movements of the crane, balancing on stilt-like legs.

A structured town layout used for forcibly resettling natives during colonization.

The more restrained version concealed an earlier fresco of the same subject.

A biblical narration of Christ's passion chanted in an improvised melody.

The family's affluence and the details of their lifestyle.

To provide a visual interpretation of biblical texts central to Catholic devotion.

Pipe organ, violin, guitar, and piano.

Resignation and fatalism, often symbolizing unrequited love for the Philippines.

They were engaged in making icons, building churches, and creating furniture, incorporating Chinese features and techniques.

The plateria technique.

Xylography or woodcut printing.

Palayok for cooking, banga, and tapayan for fermenting food or keeping liquids.

A series of 14 paintings or relief sculptures depicting Christ's crucifixion and resurrection.

He established the Sultanate of Sulu and introduced Islamic education and practices.

Flores de Mayo, pabasa, and sinakulo.

It was the first printed book in the Philippines, compiling religious teachings.

Okir (or ukkil in Tausug/Samal/Badjao).

The defeat of Ilocanos who rebelled against the Spanish government's monopoly on basi.

Awit and corrido.

It became popular during the EDSA People Power revolution of 1986.

In the panolong or protruding beams of the sultan's house called the torogan.

Ivory and wood, often based on classical and baroque models.

They were dispatched to convert the natives to Catholicism.

Western ballet.

By appropriating them into fiestas that honor patron saints instead of anitos.

Baybayin script.

A metaphor of travel to the afterlife.

A wooden bench that marks the socioeconomic status of its owner, produced by the Ifugaos.

It served as a means of governance for far-off Spain and brought Mexican influences in Philippine folk music and dance.

It became a driving force for natives to resist centuries of colonization.

A popular form of theater that tells epic stories of lives and vengeance, introduced in the 16th century.

They signed their names, acknowledging their roles as artists.

A secondary burial vessel from the late Neolithic period, used for placing buried and exhumed bones.

Cariñosa, pandanggo, polka, dansa, and rigodon.

They are used to decorate homes during fiestas as a gesture of thanksgiving to San Isidro Labrador.

To gain more information about the colony and engage in knowledge production.

Pagbuburnay.

Jazz, American bandstand, country music, rock, heavy metal, punk, and rap.

The sarimanok, naga (serpent), and pako rabong (fern).

Anthropomorphic burial jars with lids shaped like heads.