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How does the stiffness of titanium brackets compare to stainless steel brackets?
Titanium brackets have half the stiffness of stainless steel brackets.
What is the purpose of molar classification in orthodontics?
Needed for diagnosis.
What is a potential drawback of coated arch wires?
Their aesthetic coating is at risk over time.
How do the physical properties of Clear Polymer Arch Wires compare to metal arch wires?
They may equal or exceed those of metal arch wires.
What types of appliances can bands be used with?
Fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
What is the purpose of linked screws in palatal anchorage?
Linked screws are used in pairs to provide greater resistance to forces.
What is a key factor for the success of bonded attachments?
The attachment base.
What is a benefit of the lower stiffness of titanium brackets?
Better bond reliability and less bracket breakage.
What are coated arch wires?
Arch wires coated with white- or tooth-colored materials for aesthetic purposes.
How do bonded attachments work mechanically?
They create mechanical locks in the base of the orthodontic attachment.
Why are coated arch wires considered esthetic?
Because they blend in with the natural color of teeth.
What is the first step in molar classification?
Clinical Examination.
What is the role of preformed arch wires in modern edgewise appliances?
They are an important part that increases efficiency.
What customization may be needed when using heavy arch wires?
Some form of customization by the orthodontist.
What is crowding in orthodontics?
The amount of space needed to align teeth.
What is direct anchorage in the context of bone screws?
Direct anchorage refers to bone screws being directly attached to the tooth/teeth you want to move.
What are the three main classifications in molar classification?
Class I, Class II, and Class III.
What is a limitation of the current technology in orthodontics?
Still improvements are needed, as orthodontics is multifactorial.
What is the role of brackets in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets are designed to hold the archwire in place and apply forces to the teeth.
What types of anchorage can mini-plates provide?
Direct or indirect anchorage.
What are the potential consequences of untreated posterior crossbites?
They can lead to uneven wear of teeth, jaw pain, and changes in facial aesthetics.
What is the significance of arch form in treatment planning?
It helps in customizing the orthodontic treatment for individual patients.
What factors influence the success of bonded attachments?
Attachment base, tooth surface and its preparation, and bonding material.
What is essential to monitor during Clear Aligner Therapy?
Tooth movements with a recall schedule.
What can clear aligners be used for if no attachments are present?
They can be used as a bleaching tray.
What is the significance of the 1928 edgewise appliance in orthodontics?
It has developed tremendously since the 1960 Begg appliance's popularity.
What is crowding in orthodontics?
The amount of space needed to align teeth.
What is the main advantage of individually customized brackets in orthodontics?
They eliminate bending completely (theoretically).
How are individually customized brackets created?
Through 3D scanning and CBCT (if available).
What type of radiograph is used for orthodontic diagnosis?
Cephalometric Radiograph.
Can overjet be positive or negative?
Yes, it can be either positive or negative.
What are the types of soft tissue profiles in orthodontics?
Straight, convex, and concave.
What are arch wires used for in fixed appliances?
They are used to connect brackets and apply force to move teeth.
What materials are commonly used for arch wires?
Stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium.
What is happening now that Align's patents are expiring?
Many other companies are creating their own aligners.
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
They are used for attachments, fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
What are fixed appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that are bonded to the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient.
What is the primary purpose of fixed appliances?
To correct dental misalignments and improve occlusion.
How were bands for attachments fitted?
Each had to be custom fitted.
What is the Straight Wire Concept?
A method in orthodontics that uses brackets and tubes designed to align teeth in a straight line.
What are lingual fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices placed on the inner surface of teeth.
What type of appliances are functional appliances classified as?
Removable appliances.
What is a common challenge associated with lingual fixed appliances?
They can be more difficult to clean than traditional braces.
What is a key characteristic of the bonding material for it to be effective?
It must have fluidity to penetrate the prepared enamel surface.
What type of appliances were primarily used in Europe for limited movements?
Removable appliances.
What are bonded attachments in orthodontics?
They are mechanical devices that adhere to the enamel surface of the tooth.
What was the routine for bonded attachments established in the 1980s?
It involved using adhesive to bond attachments to irregularities in the enamel surface.
What dental issue is characterized by misalignment of the upper and lower teeth?
Crossbites.
What are some indications for using bands?
They are used for fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
What are the advantages of light activated composite resin?
More working time and higher bond strengths.
How do lingual fixed appliances affect speech?
They may initially cause some speech difficulties.
What factors influence the success of bonded attachments?
The bonding material.
What are the two types of Temporary Anchorage Devices?
Bone screws and mini-plates.
Why must the bonding material be tacky?
To stay where placed.
What is an important requirement for the strength of bonding materials?
It must have excellent strength.
What is the purpose of cleansing and drying the tooth surface before bonding?
To ensure proper adhesion by removing contaminants.
What is the primary purpose of attachments in fixed appliances?
To enhance the effectiveness of the orthodontic treatment by providing additional anchorage or control.
What role do archwires play in fixed appliances?
They connect the brackets and apply pressure to move the teeth.
What is the purpose of arch form in orthodontics?
To determine the shape and alignment of the dental arch.
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
To provide attachments for various appliances.
What is overbite?
A vertical overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth.
What are Active Aligners typically used for?
Preadolescents.
What is the primary component of an arch expansion appliance?
Acrylic baseplate.
How are screws or springs used in arch expansion?
They are embedded in the acrylic baseplate.
What should clinicians do in the first Rx for Clear Aligner Therapy?
Be as specific as possible and alter the ClinCheck as needed.
What is a bone screw used for in orthodontics?
To provide temporary anchorage.
What is the function of mini-plates in orthodontics?
To serve as a stable anchorage point.
What are the advantages of elastomeric modules?
They are easy to place and remove.
What are the common actions performed by removable appliances?
They can move teeth, maintain space, or modify jaw growth.
What is the purpose of arch expansion in orthodontics?
To widen the dental arch and create space for teeth alignment.
What is the primary reason fixed functional appliances are preferred?
Due to their mandatory nature.
When are molars banded in modern orthodontics?
As needed (PRN).
How does a palatal expander work?
It applies gentle pressure to the teeth and bone to gradually widen the arch.
What is a key advantage of titanium brackets over stainless steel?
They avoid allergic reactions to the 8% nickel content in stainless steel.
What should you do if you need to remove a baby tooth?
Refer to the orthodontist or pediatrician if it's before natural exfoliation or if there's a detrimental habit.
How is the amount of space needed to align teeth determined?
It is equal to the amount of crowding.
How is the mini-plate contoured?
It is contoured to the bone where it is attached.
Can attachments be customized for individual patients?
Yes, attachments can be customized based on the specific treatment plan and tooth movement required.
What can cause a posterior crossbite?
It can be caused by skeletal discrepancies, dental misalignments, or habits such as thumb sucking.
Who typically places mini-plates?
Surgeons, not orthodontists.
What innovation in the 1960s changed the use of bands?
Preformed steel bands were created.
What is the primary advantage of the Straight Wire Concept?
It simplifies the orthodontic treatment process by reducing the need for adjustments.
What is the primary advantage of lingual fixed appliances?
They are less visible compared to traditional braces.
What factors influence the recall schedule in Clear Aligner Therapy?
Clinician dependent and case dependent.
When is it best to use clear aligners for whitening?
After the orthodontic treatment.
What does Invisalign provide for whitening?
Whitening trays and gel.
Is arch expansion suitable for palatal expansion?
Yes, it is OK for palatal expansion.
What is the purpose of removable appliances in orthodontics?
To reposition individual teeth.
What is the primary advantage of Edgewise appliances?
They allow for precise control of tooth movement.
How can removable appliances benefit social situations?
They can be removed socially.
What was a significant change in the design of the Contemporary Edgewise?
Reducing auxiliary ties and gadgets.
What are common actions performed by removable appliances?
They can move teeth, maintain space, or modify jaw growth.
What is the primary function of functional appliances?
To alter the position of the mandible.
What type of appliance can direct bonding be used for?
Full fixed appliance delivery.
What must be stronger than the interlocking with the tooth for effective bonded attachments?
Mechanical interlocking with the adhesive.
What is a disadvantage of titanium brackets?
They have a rougher surface, which adds difficulty to space closure.
What is the significance of scanning in molar classification?
It aids in the classification process.
Why is the upper dental midline considered a good reference point?
It serves as a reliable reference for assessing the position of the lower dental midline.
What technology is used to reduce clinical time in bending wires?
Wire bending robots.
What should be noted about the lower dental midline?
It can be coincident with the upper dental midline or deviated to the right or left.
How can the lower dental midline deviate in relation to the upper dental midline?
It can be deviated to the right or left, measured in millimeters.
What is the Straight Wire Concept in orthodontics?
A method that uses pre-adjusted brackets to simplify the treatment process.
How do attachments affect the movement of teeth?
They provide specific points of force application, allowing for more precise tooth movement.
What is the significance of ligatures in fixed appliances?
They secure the archwire to the brackets.
How do arch wires affect tooth movement?
They provide the necessary force to guide teeth into their desired positions.
What is a common application of bands in orthodontics?
They are used with fixed appliances.
Can bands be used for multiple types of appliances?
Yes, they are used for fixed rapid palatal expanders, habit appliances, and space maintainers.
How do springs affect the movement of teeth?
They touch only at one point on the tooth surface, producing tipping rather than movement of the entire tooth.
When should springs be used in orthodontics?
When a few millimeters of tipping is needed for minor tooth movement.
Are all tooth movements effectively managed with Clear Aligner Therapy?
No, not all movements are done well with CAT.
What is the advantage of using an office laboratory for bracket placement?
It allows for the fabrication of transfer trays using stone casts and facilitates direct collaboration with the orthodontist.
Why is the contemporary edgewise appliance preferred over the Begg appliance?
It is now more efficient than the Begg appliance, leading to its almost universal use.
What factors influence the success of bonded attachments?
Tooth surface and its preparation, removal of the enamel pellicle, and creating irregularities in the enamel surface.
What materials and technology are used to create in-office aligners?
Records, scans, software (like uLab), 3D printing, and in-office essix material.
What are contemporary orthodontic appliances used for?
To correct dental and jaw alignment issues.
In modern orthodontics, how are anterior and premolar teeth typically treated?
They are bonded preferably.
What is a disadvantage of Clear Polymer Arch Wires?
Low stability.
How is the amount of space needed to align teeth determined?
It is equal to the amount of crowding.
What are the two types of dental midlines mentioned?
Upper dental midline and lower dental midline.
What are attachments in fixed appliances?
Attachments are components bonded to teeth to facilitate the movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment.
What is the primary function of the mini-plate in orthodontics?
To provide anchorage for orthodontic treatment.
What is needed for diagnosis in orthodontics?
Profile analysis.
What factors influence the success of mini-plates?
Stability, number of screws in the plate, age of the patient, and bone maturity.
How is the ease of use for mini-plates generally rated?
Typically very good.
What are bands used for in orthodontics?
They are used for attachments in various appliances.
What components are typically involved in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets and tubes that are specifically designed for wire placement.
What type of appliances are included in Removable Appliances Therapy?
Active Aligners with springs, Functional appliances, and Clear aligner therapy.
Which manufacturing method for brackets is currently on the rise?
3D printing.
What is the primary function of the wire in bracket and tube design?
The wire is tied into the bracket to apply force for tooth movement.
How are the screws in an arch expansion appliance activated?
With a key that separates the baseplate.
What innovation in the 1970s improved the tying of wire into brackets?
Elastomeric modules.
What is the best approach to selecting orthodontic appliances?
To select the best type of appliance that fits the individual patient's needs.
What happens if the activating screw is turned too rapidly?
The appliance may be displaced from the teeth.
How did Angle contribute to orthodontic treatment?
He developed a systematic approach to diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
What are the two categories of tooth movement with active removable appliances?
Arch expansion and repositioning of individual teeth.
What advantage does scanning provide in a clinical setting?
It provides a great clinical picture.
What does TSALD stand for?
Tooth size arch length discrepancy.
What are the two advantages of Clear Polymer Arch Wires over SS/Titanium?
Better esthetics and almost invisible when used with ceramic brackets.
What is indirect anchorage using bone screws?
Indirect anchorage involves bone screws not being attached to the teeth you want to move, but stabilizing a group of teeth to prevent their movement while moving other teeth.
What does TSALD stand for?
Tooth size arch length discrepancy.
Why is there no truly optimal bracket and prescription for every patient?
Because every patient is different.
What is the role of the connector in a mini-plate?
It penetrates into the oral cavity.
What does overjet indicate in orthodontics?
The most protruded or retruded position of the teeth in proximity.
What type of forces do bands support?
Heavy intermittent forces like those from headgear.
What is overjet?
The horizontal distance between the upper and lower incisors.
How does the Straight Wire Concept affect tooth movement?
It allows for more predictable and efficient tooth movement.
What role does the bonding material play in bonded attachments?
It is crucial for the success of the attachment.
What is one major advantage of mini-plates in orthodontics?
They are able to withstand more force.
How can the direction of force be adjusted with mini-plates?
The direction of force can be changed easily without jeopardizing stability.
Where can mini-plates be placed to avoid interfering with tooth movement?
Well above the roots.
What are the two types of appliances used in modern orthodontics?
Removable appliances and fixed appliances.
What type of appliances do Temporary Anchorage Devices support?
Fixed appliances.
What is a key feature of the Contemporary Edgewise appliance?
Automatic rotational control.
What are the two types of crossbites?
Anterior and Posterior.
What is a key difference between self-ligating brackets and traditional brackets?
Self-ligating brackets do not require elastomeric or stainless steel ligatures.
Why can achieving proper movements be more difficult with removable appliances?
Due to less contact.
How do removable appliances help in orthodontic treatment?
They provide flexibility in treatment and can be adjusted or replaced as needed.
What is lip competency?
The ability of the lips to close properly without strain.
What are removable appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that can be taken out by the patient to aid in tooth movement and jaw alignment.
Which arch form is considered a guide for stability in orthodontic treatment?
The mandibular arch form.
What happens if the mandibular intercanine distance is altered?
It will increase the chances for relapse.
What does each bracket in the Straight Wire Concept have?
A prescription for each individual tooth.
What can cause an anterior crossbite?
Genetic factors, dental misalignment, or developmental issues.
What should happen to the adhesive during the removal of bonded attachments?
The majority of the adhesive should not remain on the tooth.
What is the amount of space needed to close gaps in teeth referred to as?
Spacing.
How does the Straight Wire Concept benefit orthodontic treatment?
It reduces the need for additional adjustments during treatment.
What are the two main categories of examination in orthodontics?
Skeletal and soft tissue.
How can posterior crossbites be treated?
Treatment options include orthodontic appliances, dental restorations, or surgery in severe cases.
What is the significance of dental midlines in orthodontics?
They help assess the alignment of the teeth and jaws.
What are functional appliances used for?
Jaw growth modification.
What is essential for the preparation of a tooth surface for bonded attachments?
Proper preparation of the tooth surface.
What type of orthodontic treatment can lingual fixed appliances provide?
They can correct various dental misalignments and malocclusions.
What type of orthodontic appliances are bonded attachments associated with?
Fixed appliances.
What is a disadvantage of arch expansion regarding tooth movement?
It is not ideal for moving teeth as it provides strong and intermittent force.
How does virtual space contribute to bracket placement?
It enables precise bracket placement and tray fabrication using 3D printing technology.
Why is indirect bonding preferred for full fixed appliance delivery?
Due to its precise nature and ability to enhance accuracy in bracket placement.
What is a major indicator of the success or failure of Temporary Anchorage Devices?
Short and long term stability.
What is a clinical tip for using bands for attachments?
They are also suitable for patients with SSC, hypoplastic enamel, and large restorations.
What type of appliances are typically used for Class II correction?
Functional appliances.
What are the three types of dentition?
Primary, Mixed (transitional), and Permanent.
What is direct bonding in orthodontics?
A method where bonded attachments are placed chair-side by the orthodontist.
What are bonded attachments used for in orthodontics?
To secure fixed appliances to the teeth.
How do contemporary orthodontic appliances differ from traditional ones?
They often use advanced materials and technology for improved comfort and aesthetics.
What is the Straight Wire Concept primarily used in?
Majority of modern edgewise appliances.
What is one primary function of removable appliances?
To correct dental and skeletal discrepancies.
What is the function of the CIII functional appliance?
Rotates the mandible downward and back.
Why is the Edgewise system significant in orthodontics?
It is the mainstay of fixed orthodontic appliances and remains the basis for fixed appliances today.
What are the two types of lip competency?
Competent and incompetent.
What is the purpose of diagnosing Mentalis Strain?
To identify issues related to the mentalis muscle and its function.
What are removable appliances?
Orthodontic devices that can be taken out by the patient.
What characterizes incompetent lips?
Lips that cannot close properly, often leading to an open mouth posture.
What is a disadvantage of removable appliances?
They require patient compliance for effective treatment.
How are wires fabricated based on desired movements?
Using scans and CBCT.
What is the amount of space needed to close gaps in teeth referred to as?
Spacing.
What are brackets in the context of fixed appliances?
Small attachments bonded to the teeth that hold the archwire in place.
What significant development in Clear Aligner Therapy occurred in the 1990s?
Align Technology computerized the process, leading to the creation of Invisalign.
What is the most widely used bonding material for bonded attachments?
Light activated composite resin.
Can mandibles be grown using functional appliances?
No, we can’t grow mandibles.
What is the significance of tube design in the Straight Wire Concept?
Tubes provide anchorage and allow for the attachment of auxiliary appliances.
What is a key advantage of arch expansion?
The base plate stays rigid.
What is indirect bonding in orthodontics?
Laboratory placement of brackets using light-cured adhesive to create a tray for intraoral transfer.
What is Angle's classification in orthodontics?
A system used to categorize malocclusions based on the relationship of the first molars.
What is a trend among some clinicians regarding clear aligners?
They are trying to fabricate their own aligners in-office.
What did Philip Adams modify to improve removable appliance stability?
The clasps used by Martin Schwarz.
What was the primary type of orthodontic appliance used in the US from 1925 to 1965?
Fixed appliances.
What etching agent is commonly used for bonding, and for how long?
37% phosphoric acid for 20-30 seconds.
When should a patient be referred to an orthodontist?
When there are signs of malocclusion or alignment issues.
What is the purpose of arch expansion in active removable appliances?
To widen the dental arch.
Who introduced straight wire bracket prescriptions?
Andrews in the 1980s.
What do most modern fixed appliances in orthodontics rely on?
Angle’s designs.
What was the initial use of clear aligners?
They started as retainers.
What is a challenge associated with direct bonding?
It can be difficult and time-consuming to place brackets accurately and rapidly.
What are the esthetic options for orthodontic brackets?
Tooth colored or clear brackets.
What is a functional appliance in orthodontics?
A device used to modify jaw growth and improve dental alignment.
What is involved in the clinical examination for Mentalis Strain?
Assessment of the mentalis muscle and surrounding soft tissues.
What material was introduced in the late 1980s to address the shortcomings of plastic brackets?
Ceramic brackets.
What should you be cautious about when performing interproximal reduction?
You need to know how much you can do without injuring teeth and should place fluoride after; you are removing enamel.
What characterizes 'No mentalis strain'?
Absence of tension or dysfunction in the mentalis muscle.
What is the edgewise appliance?
A fixed appliance system developed by Charles Angle for orthodontic treatment.
What is the primary purpose of TADs in orthodontics?
To facilitate the movement of teeth without unwanted movement of adjacent teeth.
What improvements are needed in arch wires?
Improvements for torque and arch form.
What is overjet measured in?
Millimeters (mm).
What is a posterior crossbite?
A dental condition where the upper teeth are positioned inside the lower teeth when biting down.
How do fixed appliances differ from removable appliances?
Fixed appliances are permanently attached to the teeth, while removable appliances can be taken out by the patient.
What was the primary method for placing fixed attachments to teeth until the 1980s?
Bands for attachments.
What condition is indicated by insufficient space for teeth in the dental arch?
Crowding.
What classification is used to categorize molar and canine relationships?
Molar/Canine Classification.
What is the role of brackets in the Straight Wire Concept?
Brackets hold the archwire in place and guide tooth movement.
What is the clinician's role in Clear Aligner Therapy?
To monitor the ClinCheck and use clinical knowledge for patient decisions.
What is the function of clasps in arch expansion appliances?
To attach the appliance to teeth.
What are the three types of materials used for brackets?
Stainless Steel, Titanium, and Nonmetallic.
What is the primary purpose of functional appliances in orthodontics?
To correct Class II malocclusions.
What is a removable appliance in orthodontics?
A device that can be taken out of the mouth and is used to correct dental issues.
What is the standard fixed appliance used today in modern orthodontics?
Edgewise system.
What is Angle’s classification?
A system for categorizing dental occlusion and malocclusion.
When are contemporary orthodontic appliances typically used?
During orthodontic treatment to achieve desired tooth movement.
What does the etching process do to the enamel?
Removes small amounts of interprismatic enamel and opens pores of prisms for adhesive penetration.
What are clinical screening procedures in orthodontics?
Methods used to assess dental alignment and occlusion.
What advantage did Andrews' prescriptions provide?
They allowed for less wire bends by giving a prescription for each tooth.
What does the CII functional appliance do?
Advances the mandible.
What does primary stability refer to?
Short term mechanical retention.
What is essential for diagnosing TMJ disorders?
Clinical examination.
What does the doctor do after the ClinCheck is created?
Reviews and modifies/approves the ClinCheck.
What is interproximal reduction in the context of clear aligner therapy?
It is done PRN to gain space, often used in Invisalign treatment.
What is a key advantage of using ceramic materials in fixed appliances?
They are less visible and more aesthetically pleasing.
What are common sounds associated with TMJ disorders?
Clicking, popping, and crepitus.
What was the limitation of the Active Aligners in terms of expansion?
They only produced tipping for expansion, with no actual expansion.
Why did Active Aligners have no real traction in the US?
Because the US focused on fixed appliances.
What materials are commonly used for attachments in fixed appliances?
Attachments are typically made from materials like composite resin or metal.
What is the significance of the tube design in fixed appliances?
It allows for the secure placement of archwires and facilitates tooth movement.
What materials are commonly used in the construction of brackets and tubes?
Stainless steel, ceramic, and plastic.
What are the three planes of space used in 3D diagnosis?
Transverse, Vertical, and Sagittal.
On which teeth are preformed steel bands primarily used now?
Molar teeth.
What type of forces do springs produce for individual tooth movement?
Light continuous forces.
What are the major manufacturing methods for brackets?
Metal injection molding, casting, and 3D printing.
What special considerations are there when bonding to crowns and other restorations?
There are special steps and materials used.
What is essential for the fabrication of brackets and tubes in orthodontic appliances?
Internal slot dimensions must be accurate.
What should clinicians avoid when using ClinCheck?
Relying solely on the algorithm.
What is a key benefit of using off-site laboratories for bracket placement?
They provide more precise results without limitations imposed by the oral cavity.
What is a key advantage of removable appliances?
They can be fabricated extraorally.
What type of orthodontic appliance is used for repositioning teeth?
Removable appliances.
What is the contemporary design feature of straight wire brackets?
They include self-ligating brackets.
What is a functional appliance?
An appliance that changes the posture of the mandible, holding it open or moving it forward.
What is a common type of contemporary orthodontic appliance?
Braces, including metal, ceramic, and lingual options.
Do most self-ligating brackets require manual operation?
Yes, most still require manual opening and closing.
What is the E arch in orthodontics?
A system with bands and circumferential wire, where teeth are ligated to the wire, applying heavy intermittent forces for tipping.
When is direct bonding usually more efficient?
For placement or repositioning of a single bracket or a few brackets.
Who assesses the best appliance for each patient case?
The clinician.
What is the main advantage of using a straight wire in orthodontics?
It allows control of the tooth in three planes of space.
What is the Begg Appliance known for?
It is an adaptation of the ribbon arch for better root control.
Why is maintaining the original arch form important?
To increase the stability of orthodontic treatment.
How are mini-plates used in relation to maxillary teeth?
For intruding maxillary teeth, often using bone screws.
Why is stainless steel commonly used in fixed appliances?
Due to its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion.
Who is associated with the development of Active Aligners?
George Crozat.
What are the two main types of facial symmetry?
Symmetric and Asymmetric.
Why are ceramic brackets considered bulkier?
Due to their material properties.
What are brackets in the context of fixed appliances?
Small attachments bonded to the teeth that hold the archwire in place.
What is Class I canine classification?
Normal occlusion where the canine fits into the opposing canine's interdigitation.
What materials are commonly used for fixed appliances?
Metal, ceramic, or plastic.
What is the standard material for orthodontic appliance components?
Stainless Steel.
Are chemically activated resins still available for bonding?
Yes, they are still available.
Who can benefit from Clear aligner therapy (CAT)?
Adults and kids.
What is the purpose of Functional appliances in Removable Appliances Therapy?
To modify jaw growth and function.
What type of ligature was historically used to tie the wire into the bracket?
Stainless steel (SS) ligature.
Who developed split plate appliances for removable expanders?
Martin Schwarz from Vienna.
How do functional appliances work?
They create pressure through the stretch of muscles or soft tissues, which is transmitted to dental and skeletal structures.
How can the wire in bracket and tube design help in orthodontics?
It can close small spaces or prevent opening between teeth.
What is the role of software like uLab in clear aligner therapy?
It is used to set up the fabrication process for aligners.
What is a major disadvantage of removable appliances?
Patient compliance is required.
How do removable appliances help in jaw growth modification?
By applying gentle pressure to the teeth and jaws.
What are the main contributions of Charles Angle to orthodontics?
Classifications, diagnosis, and orthodontic appliances.
What type of appliances take precedence in orthodontics?
Fixed functional appliances.
What is the primary purpose of using a removable appliance?
To correct malocclusions and align teeth.
How does the Contemporary Edgewise appliance evolve?
It continuously evolves.
What does the First Order in the Straight Wire Concept refer to?
In and out/rotational positioning (buccal and lingual).
How many aligners are typically needed in Clear Aligner Therapy?
Multiple aligners are needed.
What is the importance of facial symmetry in orthodontics?
It is crucial for diagnosis.
When were Active Aligners loosely developed?
In the early 1900s.
What factors influence clinical stability of bone screws?
It is multifactorial and depends on the nature of the screw.
What is the purpose of separation in band attachment?
To create space for seating bands when tight interproximal contacts are present.
What advantages do ceramic brackets have over plastic ones?
They overcame the shortcomings of plastic and are esthetic.
Can fixed appliances be adjusted by the patient?
No, they require adjustments by an orthodontist.
What are the benefits of using the Herbst appliance?
Improves occlusion, enhances facial aesthetics, and can reduce the need for extractions.
What does soft tissue examination involve in the context of facial symmetry?
Assessment of the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues.
What are the benefits of using orthodontic specific cement?
Reduces leakage and demineralization problems.
What characterizes a moderate bite?
A bite where the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth to a moderate extent.
What does posterior refer to in dental terms?
The back teeth, including premolars and molars.
How has the contemporary edgewise appliance evolved?
It evolved far beyond the original design while maintaining the basis of a rectangular wire in a rectangular slot.
Can one appliance be used to treat all patients?
Yes, but it is best to fit the need of the individual patient.
Is arch expansion effective for individual teeth?
No, it is not OK for individual teeth.
What are the indications for using bands for attachments in orthodontics?
Heavy intermittent forces like headgear, teeth needing both lingual and labial attachments, and teeth with short clinical crowns.
What aspect of Temporary Anchorage Devices relates to their practicality in the mouth?
Ease of use in terms of placement and use.
What type of dental issues can removable appliances address?
Crowding, spacing, and alignment of teeth.
What type of material is commonly used for creating aligners in-office?
Essix material.
How do Herbst appliances differ from traditional fixed appliances?
They are more like removable appliances.
How should clinicians approach appliance selection?
By mixing patient needs with their preferences.
What is a key characteristic of removable appliances used for arch expansion?
They can be taken out by the patient for cleaning and eating.
What is a characteristic of the Labiolingual fixed appliance system?
It uses bands on first molars and heavy wires to the lingual and labial sides of teeth with springs for movement.
What is an anterior crossbite?
A dental condition where the upper front teeth are positioned behind the lower front teeth when biting.
What does the Second Order in the Straight Wire Concept involve?
Up and down positioning (vertical, occlusal/incisal and gingival).
What does secondary stability refer to?
Union of the screw to the surrounding bone.
What are the primary materials used in fixed orthodontic appliances?
Stainless steel, ceramic, and composite materials.
What type of pressure is applied during a TMJ clinical examination?
3 lbs pressure, anterior to the ear.
What are fixed appliances in orthodontics?
Devices that are permanently attached to the teeth to correct alignment and bite issues.
What is another application of mini-plates in orthodontics?
For moving mandibular teeth.
How does the screw head contribute to its usability?
It can be used as an attachment for springs or wires.
What is 'Mentalis strain'?
A condition where there is excessive tension or dysfunction in the mentalis muscle.
Where is it best to place ceramic brackets?
On upper anterior canine to canine.
How long is the typical treatment duration with fixed appliances?
Usually between 1 to 3 years, depending on the complexity of the case.
What are Edgewise fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices that use brackets and wires to align teeth in a controlled manner.
What is a practical consideration for bonding materials in clinical use?
It must be easy to use clinically.
What is the effect of the pressure created by functional appliances?
It moves teeth and modifies growth.
What is the significance of the clasps modified by Philip Adams?
They are considered the most effective clasp for removable appliance stability when using springs.
Who is considered the father of modern orthodontics?
Charles Angle.
What factors influence appliance choice in orthodontics?
Patient preference and clinician assessment.
What is a posterior crossbite?
A condition where one or more of the upper back teeth bite inside the lower back teeth.
What is involved in a clinical examination for orthodontics?
Screening for dental issues, including missing teeth.
What is the general rule for selecting arch form in orthodontics?
The original arch form should not be changed.
Why is diagnosis of lip competency important?
To assess potential impacts on oral health and orthodontic treatment.
What is the primary purpose of bonding attachments?
To ensure the stability and effectiveness of fixed appliances.
How are the records sent to Invisalign?
Electronically or by mail along with the initial Rx from the doctor.
What feature do functional appliances have to assist in their function?
Bite blocks.
What is a common type of removable appliance?
Hawley retainer.
What characterizes competent lips?
Lips that can close without strain and maintain a resting position.
What are the main materials used for orthodontic brackets?
Nonmetallic materials and ceramics.
Where are mini-plates frequently used in relation to lower molars?
On the buccal shelf below lower molars, often with bone screws.
What are the types of soft tissue conditions related to Mentalis Strain?
No mentalis strain and mentalis strain.
What tools are used for separation during band attachment?
Separating springs or elastomeric separators, applied via pliers or floss.
Who developed the Activator functional appliance?
Andresen from Norway in the 1920s.
What are the two types of TMJ involvement?
Unilateral and bilateral.
What type of cement is used for band cementation?
Orthodontic specific cement, often glass ionomer/resin materials that are light cured.
What is a shallow bite?
A bite where the upper teeth barely overlap the lower teeth.
What is a deep bite?
A condition where the upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth.
What is a removable appliance in orthodontics?
A device that can be taken out of the mouth by the patient, used to correct dental issues.
What is the significance of Angle's progression to Edgewise appliances?
It represents an evolution in orthodontic techniques for better treatment outcomes.
What is an anterior crossbite?
A condition where one or more of the upper front teeth bite behind the lower front teeth.
What role do clear aligners play in contemporary orthodontics?
They provide a discreet option for teeth straightening.
What type of appliances does the straight wire concept pertain to?
Fixed appliances.
What role does patient preference play in appliance choice?
It is a significant factor in determining the best appliance for each case.
What observation led to the development of clear aligners?
Slight alterations to the suck down model could move the tooth.
What innovation did the Edgewise system introduce in 1928?
It replaced the vertical rectangular slot with horizontal rectangular slots to improve root control.
Can removable appliances be used for space maintenance?
Yes, they can help maintain space for unerupted teeth.
What are the potential consequences of an untreated anterior crossbite?
It can lead to uneven wear of teeth, jaw pain, and aesthetic concerns.
What issues were associated with plastic brackets in the 1980s?
Staining, low strength, poor dimensions, and sliding abilities.
What are fixed appliances?
Orthodontic devices that are permanently attached to the teeth.
What is the purpose of using rectangular arch wires in fixed appliances?
For precise positioning of the teeth after initial alignment with round wires.
What is a monobloc in the context of functional appliances?
A type of functional appliance developed in the early 1900s.
What is involved in the clinical examination for canine classification?
A thorough assessment of the patient's dental and facial structures.
What is a common use for removable appliances?
To correct minor tooth misalignments or to retain teeth after treatment.
What characterizes Class II canine classification?
The upper canine is positioned more forward than the lower canine.
What is likely to be the next advancement in bracket materials?
Composite plastic brackets.
What should you be cautious about when performing interproximal reduction?
You need to know how much enamel you can safely remove without injuring the teeth.
What type of removable appliance is typically used for arch expansion?
A palatal expander.
What is a panoramic radiograph used for?
To assess missing teeth and overall dental structure.
What does repositioning of individual teeth involve?
Moving specific teeth to their desired positions.
What material are most bone screws made of for better biocompatibility?
Titanium.
Who implemented the Straight Wire Concept in orthodontics?
Andrews.
What is involved in the clinical examination of lip competency?
Assessment of soft tissue and lip function.
What is created by the company after receiving the records?
A 3D model and an initial plan with any needed tooth attachments, known as ClinCheck.
What type of radiograph is used for assessing facial symmetry?
Posterior-Anterior Cephalometric Radiograph.
What are the two classifications of TMJ symptoms?
Asymptomatic vs Symptomatic.
How does the Herbst appliance work?
It uses a system of metal rods and springs to encourage mandibular advancement.
How are fixed appliances evolving?
Through the integration of CAD (Computer Assisted Design) and Manufacturing.
Which regions are lingual fixed appliances more popular in?
Europe and Asia.
What role does the archwire play in fixed appliances?
It connects the brackets and guides the movement of the teeth.
Can TADs be used for both maxillary and mandibular teeth?
Yes, TADs can be used for both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
What resistance issue is associated with ceramic brackets?
Resistance to sliding/space closure.
What is an open bite?
A condition where there is a gap between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
What alteration was made in the bracket slot dimensions?
Allowing different wire sizes for engaging brackets.
What is an example of a removable appliance?
Retainers or aligners.
When did Clear Aligner Therapy begin?
In the 1980s.
What is direct bonding?
A method where attachments are bonded directly to the teeth in the mouth.
What is indirect bonding?
A method where attachments are bonded to a model of the teeth before being transferred to the mouth.
What is a drawback of the Labiolingual appliance system?
There is no precise positioning of teeth.
What should be included in the description of fixed appliances?
Illustrations for steps involved in the bonding process.
Why was the Begg Appliance popular in the 1960s?
Because it was more efficient than the edgewise appliance of that era.
What is a fixed appliance in orthodontics?
A variation of Charles Angle’s edgewise appliance system using rectangular arch wires for precise positioning of teeth.
In what context are mini-plates combined with plates at the anterior surface of the mandible?
For Class III growth modification.
What is the Herbst appliance designed for?
To promote forward growth of the lower jaw (mandible).
How are lingual brackets designed?
Along with wires bent by robots for preplanned movements of teeth.
What is the purpose of canine classification in orthodontics?
To aid in diagnosis.
What does the range of motion (ROM) in TMJ assessment include?
Deflection and deviation.
What does skeletal examination involve in the context of facial symmetry?
Assessment of the underlying bone structure.
What is a common use for fixed appliances?
To treat more complex orthodontic issues, such as severe misalignment.
When was the Activator introduced to the US?
In the 1960s, with a significant increase in use during the 1970s.
What is a recommended practice after performing interproximal reduction?
Placing fluoride after the procedure.
Are functional appliances removable or fixed?
They can be removable appliances.
What was the purpose of the Pin and Tube system?
To overcome tipping by using an individual pin and tube on each tooth for full movement.
What are the two types of mechanical retention provided by bone screws?
Primary (short term) and secondary (long term) stability.
What is a common use of mini-plates in orthodontics?
Base of the zygomatic arch.
Why is it called the Straight Wire Concept?
Because it minimizes the need for bends in the wire.
What is involved in the attachment process for clear aligners?
Attachments are placed, and trays are delivered using etch, 2 step prime/bond, and composite.
What is the primary purpose of lingual fixed appliances?
To address the objection of fixed appliances on facial surfaces.
What is the purpose of tooth attachments in Clear Aligner Therapy?
To help with tooth movement.
What is the main difference between removable and fixed appliances?
Removable appliances can be taken out, while fixed appliances are attached to the teeth.
What is an example of a lingual fixed appliance introduced in 2012?
Incognito.
What type of bands are typically used in orthodontics?
Preformed stainless steel (SS) bands.
What is a recent example of a lingual fixed appliance?
Inbrace.
What is likely to change regarding the popularity of lingual fixed appliances?
Their popularity in the US is likely to increase.
How does the fit of the band contribute to its retention?
The fit of the band retains it while the cement seals between the band and the tooth.
What is a key advantage of using TADs?
They allow for more precise tooth movement and treatment efficiency.
What are functional appliances used for in orthodontics?
To control patients' vertical dimension as needed.
What is a Ribbon arch?
An orthodontic system with a vertical rectangular slot behind the tube, allowing easier alignment but with poor root control.
What records are needed for Clear Aligner Therapy preparation?
Same records as traditional orthodontic treatment planning plus an intraoral scan (iTero) or PVS impression.
What is the maximum movement allowed per aligner in Clear Aligner Therapy?
No more than 1mm per aligner.
What are the main types of materials used for orthodontic brackets?
Metallic and nonmetallic materials.
What is the first step in preparing clear aligners?
Aligners are made and shipped with a template for any attachments needed to help tooth movement.
What is the focus of the Third Order in the Straight Wire Concept?
Torque (buccal and lingual inclination).
How do removable appliances benefit oral hygiene?
They can be removed for cleaning, making it easier to maintain oral hygiene.
How can an anterior crossbite be treated?
Through orthodontic appliances like braces or clear aligners.
What is a common problem associated with ceramic brackets?
Fractures.
What type of appliance did George Crozat fabricate?
A precious metal appliance with a clasp on first molars.
What are some modifications of the Herbst appliance?
Adjustable components, different materials, and variations in design for specific patient needs.
What type of wire is often used in fixed orthodontic appliances?
Nickel-titanium or stainless steel archwires.
What is an overbite?
A dental condition where the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth.
What defines Class III canine classification?
The lower canine is positioned more forward than the upper canine.
What is clinical stability a combination of?
Primary and secondary stability.
What type of arch wires are used in contemporary fixed appliances?
Rectangular arch wires.
What is an important aspect of the ease of use of bone screws?
Easy and straightforward placement.
What role do bonding agents play in fixed appliances?
They secure brackets to the teeth.
What are Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs)?
Devices used in orthodontics to provide a stable anchor point for tooth movement.
What is the preferred method for fitting bands?
Using the biting force of the patient rather than the strength of the orthodontist.
What effect does the Activator have on the bite?
It opens the bite and advances the mandible forward.
What is considered an ideal bite?
A bite where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, with proper alignment.
What is the primary function of fixed appliances?
To apply continuous pressure to teeth to move them into desired positions.
What aspects are examined during a clinical examination for facial symmetry?
Skeletal and soft tissue.
What issue can ceramic brackets cause on opposing teeth?
Fracture of enamel.
What is the significance of the Activator?
It was the first functional appliance to be widely accepted.
What classification describes teeth meeting edge to edge?
Edge to Edge.
What is a common type of TAD?
Mini-screws are a common type of Temporary Anchorage Device.
What does 'within normal limits' refer to in TMJ assessment?
A classification indicating no significant issues.
What materials are commonly used for TADs?
Titanium and stainless steel are commonly used materials.
How are TADs typically placed?
TADs are usually placed surgically or with local anesthesia.
What is interproximal reduction in Clear Aligner Therapy?
It is the removal of enamel to gain space, often done during Invisalign treatment.
What is a challenge associated with ceramic brackets?
Difficult removal.
What is the current status of functional appliances like the Activator?
They are now widely accepted in modern orthodontic practice.
What does anterior refer to in dental terms?
The front teeth, including incisors and canines.
What is the significance of scanning in canine classification?
To obtain accurate measurements and assessments of dental structures.
What type of appliances is associated with interproximal reduction?
Removable appliances, specifically in the context of Clear Aligner Therapy.
