How is the root tip drawn upwards after entering the root canal?
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By hand or with a needle holder.
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How is the root tip drawn upwards after entering the root canal?
By hand or with a needle holder.
What type of grip should be used with an elevator?
Full grip with a finger guard to prevent slipping.
What is the primary function of elevators in tooth extraction?
To loosen the tooth or root from the bony socket prior to placement of the extraction forceps.
What action is used for the extraction of single rooted teeth with a destroyed crown?
Screwdriver action.
What is the technique for extracting root tips?
Using elevators.
What is used as a fulcrum during the luxation of a tooth?
The alveolar ridge, not the adjacent tooth.
When should the screwdriver action be used?
After the tooth has been considerably mobilized.
What should be taken care of during the use of elevators?
Surrounding vital structures.
What type of elevator is used to remove intraradicular bone?
A straight elevator with Cryer.
What types of forceps are used in soft tissue procedures?
Toothed forceps and non-toothed forceps.
What does the diagrammatic illustration show regarding the mandibular second premolar?
Luxation of the root tip using an Apexo elevator.
What position should the patient be in during the extraction procedure?
Supine or semi-supine.
What should be done after extracting the tooth from the socket?
Squeeze the socket and apply pressure gauze.
What is the recommended angle for applying the elevator in the periodontal space?
45° or 90° to the long axis of the tooth.
What can happen if the adjacent tooth is used as a fulcrum during extraction?
It creates great tension around the tooth, risking injury to surrounding tissues.
What is a rongeur used for?
To remove bone or tissue.
What should not be used as a fulcrum when using elevators?
The buccal or lingual plate of bone.
What is the recommended hand for reflection, guard, and support during elevation?
The left hand.
What is the purpose of mosquito forceps?
To clamp small blood vessels.
What is the function of a periosteal elevator?
To detach the periosteum from the bone.
What is the Lever Effect in tooth extraction?
Works on lever and fulcrum principle, forcing the tooth/root along the line of withdrawal.
How is extraction accomplished when using a straight elevator?
By sectioning the roots.
Name one type of elevator used in exodontia.
Straight elevators (Couplands).
In which directions can the elevator be applied during extraction?
Mesially, distally, and buccally (only for lower 2&3 molars).
Where should elevators be placed during use?
Between the tooth and bone.
What are the risks of using excessive force with an elevator?
Crown fracture and loosening adjacent teeth.
What are the sizes of straight elevators used in hard tissue procedures?
Small (3 mm), medium (4 mm), and large (5 mm).
What is the difference between Coupland and straight elevators?
Coupland elevators have a specific design for root extraction, while straight elevators are more general-purpose.
What type of scissors are commonly used in soft tissue procedures?
Iris scissors.
What should be placed between the finger and the lingual side during extraction?
Gauze, for protection from injury in case the elevator slips.
What is the purpose of using a straight or curved elevator during extraction?
To luxate the tooth.
How should the operator position themselves when administering local anesthesia in Quadrant 3?
Behind the patient.
What is the purpose of a bone file?
To smooth and contour bone surfaces.
What is the focus when removing the tip of the distal root of a maxillary molar?
Using appropriate elevator techniques.
What is the Wedge Effect in tooth elevation?
Wedge elevator is placed between tooth and bone at the neck of the tooth, then rotated with a slight twisting, quarter-turn movement.
What should you observe for when using a wedge elevator?
Observe for tooth movement.
What is the first step in the process of simple tooth extraction?
Give local anaesthesia.
What technique is used for removing the tip of a mesial root of a mandibular molar?
Removal of intraradicular bone and luxation using a double-angled (Apexo) elevator.
What should elevators rest on during use?
Bone (as a fulcrum point) and not adjacent teeth.
What is the most commonly used scalpel blade in soft tissue procedures?
Blade #15.
At what angle should the straight elevator be positioned on the distal surface of the root?
Either perpendicular or at an angle of 45°.
What is a characteristic of the blade of a straight elevator?
It has one convex side inserted toward the bone and one concave side inserted toward the root surface.
What instrument is used for the removal of a root tip?
An endodontic file.
What is the positioning of the elevator and fingers of the left hand used for?
For separation of molar roots.
What action is used for Cryer elevators?
Screwdriver action.
What instrument is used to detach the gingiva during tooth extraction?
Periosteal elevator (MOLT).
What is the fulcrum in the Lever Effect?
Crestal bone or adjacent tooth.
What motion is applied when using the periosteal elevator to detach soft tissue?
Rocking motion (stabbing motion).
What is the purpose of the broader rounded end of the periosteal elevator?
To reflect mucoperiosteum away from the bone.
How should the elevator be applied in the periodontal space?
Parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
What are the three actions used in elevation techniques?
Wedge, Lever, and Screwdriver (wheel & axle).
What is a general rule for using elevators regarding grip?
Use a palm grip and finger guard.
What is the function of the sharp pointed end of the periosteal elevator?
To cut gingival attachment at the cervical region.
What is the preferred position for a patient who is faint during extraction?
Lying in a supine position.
