life processes flash cards

To observe the action of saliva on starch.

To provide a surface for gas exchange.

They help to clot the blood at points of injury to plug leaks.

Lymph is a tissue fluid formed when plasma, proteins, and blood cells escape from capillaries into intercellular spaces.

Carbon dioxide.

Root pressure is more important at night; during the day, transpiration pull is the major driving force.

Processes that perform maintenance jobs in organisms.

About 80 m².

Guard cells swell to open the stomatal pore when water flows into them and shrink to close the pore.

To push food forward through the digestive tract.

Secretions from the liver and pancreas.

The plant that produced more starch likely had access to carbon dioxide and sunlight, indicating their importance in photosynthesis.

The process of removing waste by-products from the body.

It is sent to the lungs for carbon dioxide removal.

We observe characteristics such as breathing, growth, and movement.

Viruses do not show molecular movement until they infect a cell.

They must keep repairing and maintaining their molecular structures.

Transpiration creates a suction that pulls water from the xylem cells of roots.

The loss of water in the form of vapor from the aerial parts of the plant.

Inorganic nitrates or nitrites, or as organic compounds prepared by bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen.

Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.

Terrestrial organisms can access oxygen directly from the air, which is more abundant than in water.

It collects the filtrate from the capillary clusters.

It makes the food alkaline and acts on fats.

Water, carbon dioxide, and minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium.

Trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption.

Plants do not move and have a large proportion of dead cells in many tissues.

By exchanging gases through stomata.

Most food sources are carbon-based, necessary for growth and energy.

Tiny pores present on the surface of leaves that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis.

We assess characteristics such as growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and metabolism.

They are used for growth, development, and synthesizing proteins and other necessary substances.

To uptake food and oxygen efficiently.

Aerobic respiration.

They use simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water to produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Food, oxygen, and waste materials.

Mucus.

Through the process of photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates.

Using energy from ATP.

Pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of air.

Because blood emerges from the heart under high pressure.

Three chambers.

It affects the tongue, lungs, heart, liver, and increases the risk of cancers and other diseases.

Food, which comes from outside the body.

Carbon dioxide.

Sphygmomanometer.

Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus.

To break down food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

To prevent oxygen-rich blood from mixing with carbon dioxide-rich blood.

The fluid medium in which blood cells are suspended, transporting food, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous wastes.

The left atrium.

The build-up of lactic acid in muscles.

It is sent to the large intestine for water absorption and then removed via the anus.

To efficiently separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood for high energy needs.

In the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone.

Different organs that increase surface area for oxygen contact.

Visible movement, either growth-related or not.

It depends on the type and availability of food material and how it is obtained.

Fungi like bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms.

It moistens food and contains enzymes that break down complex molecules.

The stomata close to prevent water loss.

It helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals from roots to leaves.

In dissolved form.

Lymph carries digested and absorbed fat.

It has a large surface area with villi to increase absorption efficiency.

Blood pressure.

Phloem.

Carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch.

It occurs in sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells, in both upward and downward directions.

It allows the phloem to move material according to the plant’s needs.

Through diffusion in large inter-cellular spaces.

Yes, plants can still be alive even without visible growth.

To observe how long it takes for the lime water to turn milky, indicating the presence of carbon dioxide.

A sphincter muscle.

Deriving nutrition from plants or animals without killing them.

Through the entire surface of the cell.

To absorb carbon dioxide from the environment.

Oxygen is carried by red blood corpuscles (hemoglobin).

A long tube extending from the mouth to the anus with specialized regions.

They break down large globules of fat into smaller ones, increasing enzyme efficiency.

It is mixed thoroughly with digestive juices and broken down further.

It is essential for the synthesis of proteins and other compounds.

Carry blood away from the heart to various organs.

Collect blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart.

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

CO2 generated during respiration is used for photosynthesis, leading to oxygen release.

Alveoli (singular: alveolus).

The presence of carbon dioxide in the air that we breathe out.

Approximately 3 years.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Using temporary finger-like extensions that form a food vacuole.

Hair-like structures that help remove germs, dust, and harmful particles from inhaled air.

The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Lung cancer.

To pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

In the urinary bladder.

To remove nitrogenous waste products from the blood through dialysis.

They use the oxygen dissolved in water.

Invisible molecular movement is necessary for life.

It allows for efficient gas exchange.

To allow for the digestion of cellulose from grass.

To carry food and oxygen from one part of the body to another.

Water.

Enzymes break down complex substances into simpler ones for growth and maintenance.

It is converted into lactic acid.

Products of photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

It comes to the right atrium from the body.

It covers teeth, preventing saliva from neutralizing acids, leading to decay.

About 180 liters.

They breathe oxygen from the atmosphere.

The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body to break down food for energy.

It becomes larger as ribs are lifted and the diaphragm is flattened.

It is likely to break down due to environmental effects.

Processes that continue even when the organism is not actively doing anything.

Lymph drains into lymphatic capillaries, which join to form larger lymph vessels that open into larger veins.

To create an acidic medium that facilitates the action of pepsin.

Nephrons.

It destroys cilia, allowing harmful particles to enter the lungs.

Water and minerals obtained from the soil.

Products of photosynthesis, amino acids, and other substances.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

It acts as the energy currency for most cellular processes.

Fish have two chambers and blood goes through the heart once per cycle, while other vertebrates have double circulation.

To filter out waste products from the blood.

CO2 elimination.

The presence or absence of starch in the test tubes.

Salivary amylase.

Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.

They are split into hydrogen and oxygen.

To aid in digestion by breaking down food.

About the size of a fist.

They contain chlorophyll, which is essential for absorbing light energy.

Xylem and phloem.

Glucose, amino acids, salts, and a major amount of water.

A pumping organ (heart) and a network of tubes (blood vessels).

It increases the osmotic pressure, causing water to move into the tissue.

30.5 kJ/mol.

The smallest blood vessels with walls that are one-cell thick, where material exchange occurs.

It helps filter the air passing through the nostrils.

Because diffusion alone cannot transport enough oxygen to meet the metabolic needs of larger, complex organisms.

Through direct contact with the environment, without specialized organs.

Not all cells are in direct contact with the environment, requiring specialized tissues.

To carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Constriction of arterioles, leading to increased resistance to blood flow.

The starch test using a variegated leaf and iodine solution.

The process of breaking down glucose without oxygen, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.

About 120 mm of Hg.

80 mm of Hg.

It moves to tissues with less pressure.

Excretion.

Only a liter or two, due to re-absorption.

Because the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is lower than in the air.

Processes such as nutrition, respiration, excretion, and reproduction.

Hypertension.

They help move food to a specific spot for ingestion.

In the mitochondria.

The ureter.

Bacteria acting on sugars produce acids that soften the enamel.

By simple diffusion from the body surface into surrounding water.

Urea or uric acid.

Chewing tobacco in the form of gutkha.

The energy release in aerobic respiration is much greater.

To prepare an intermediate that is acted upon by energy absorbed during the day.

The excess water in the body and the amount of dissolved waste to be excreted.

In the form of glycogen.

To ensure that blood does not flow backwards.

It allows waste products to diffuse from the blood into a dialysing fluid, purifying the blood.

Through their roots from the soil.

The leaf turns blue-black in areas where starch is present after iodine treatment.

Roots actively take up ions, creating a concentration difference that facilitates water uptake.

It leads to the urge to pass urine through the urethra.

Blood loss occurs, which can reduce pressure and efficiency.