What causes Infectious Vasculitis?
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Direct invasion of infectious agents, usually bacteria or fungi.
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What causes Infectious Vasculitis?
Direct invasion of infectious agents, usually bacteria or fungi.
What is Wegener Granulomatosis also known as?
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.
What syndrome is associated with facial port wine nevi?
Sturge-Weber Syndrome, also known as Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis.
What are varicose veins?
Abnormally dilated, tortuous veins.
What is Bacillary Angiomatosis?
A vascular proliferation in immunocompromised hosts caused by opportunistic gram-negative bacilli of the Bartonella family.
What is Nevus Flammeus?
The most common form of vascular ectasia, characterized by a light pink to deep purple flat lesion composed of dilated vessels.
What is Behcet Disease characterized by?
A clinical triad of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis.
What causes varicose veins?
Prolonged, increased intraluminal pressure and loss of vessel support.
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
A rapidly growing red pedunculated lesion that easily bleeds and is often ulcerated.
What are the four forms of Kaposi Sarcoma?
Classic KS, Endemic African KS, Transplant-associated KS, and AIDS-associated KS.
What is Spider Telangiectasia?
A non-neoplastic vascular lesion resembling a spider, often associated with hyperestrogenic states.
What is Trousseau Sign?
Migratory thrombophlebitis where venous thromboses appear in one location, disappear, and then occur again in other sites.
What is the gross appearance of Bacillary Angiomatosis?
Papules or nodules.
What is the mortality rate of untreated Wegener Granulomatosis within one year?
80%.
What type of vasculitis is associated with Behcet Disease?
Neutrophilic vasculitis affecting small to medium sized vessels.
Where are the predominant sites for varicose veins?
Superficial veins of the upper and lower legs.
What is the characteristic clinical complex of SVCS?
Marked dilation of neck, head, and arm veins with cyanosis.
What are common agents causing lymphangitis?
Group A β-hemolytic streptococci.
What is telangiectasia?
Permanent dilation of preexisting small vessels that form discrete red lesions.
What is Angiosarcoma?
A malignant endothelial neoplasm that primarily affects older adults.
What is a cavernous hemangioma?
A type of hemangioma with large, dilated vascular channels that are more infiltrative and do not regress.
What are the three main characteristics of Wegener Granulomatosis?
Necrotizing granuloma of the URT or LRT, necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis affecting small to medium vessels, and focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis.
What is Thromboangitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) primarily associated with?
Heavy cigarette smoking before the age of 35.
What is Raynaud Phenomenon characterized by?
Exaggerated vasoconstriction of arteries and arterioles in the extremities.
What is lymphangitis?
Acute inflammation elicited by the spread of bacterial infections in the lymphatics.
Which species of Bartonella are implicated in Bacillary Angiomatosis?
Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease) and Bartonella quintana (Trench Fever).
What is Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia?
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding for the TGF-β signaling pathway.
What are the clinical features of Thromboangitis Obliterans?
Cold-induced Raynaud phenomenon, superficial nodular phlebitis, leg pain induced by exercise, and chronic ulceration of extremities.
What causes Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)?
Neoplasms that compress or invade the superior vena cava.
What is the primary immune response involved in Wegener Granulomatosis?
T-cell mediated hypersensitivity to inhaled microbial or environmental agents.
What distinguishes Primary Raynaud Phenomenon from Secondary Raynaud Phenomenon?
Primary Raynaud is benign and often affects young women, while Secondary Raynaud is due to arterial diseases and has asymmetric involvement.
What is ectasia?
A generic term for any local dilation of any structure.
What is the prognosis for Endemic African KS?
100% mortality within 3 years.
What is Hemangiopericytoma?
Tumors that arise from pericytes, associated with capillaries and venules.
What is a juvenile hemangioma?
A strawberry-type hemangioma of the newborn that fades by 1-3 years and regresses by age 7.
What is primary lymphedema?
An isolated congenital defect or familial Milroy disease resulting in lymphatic agenesis or hypoplasia.
What virus causes Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)?
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8).
What are the classic clinical features of Wegener Granulomatosis?
Persistent pneumonitis, chronic sinusitis, mucosal ulcerations of the nasopharynx, and renal disease.
What are the characteristics of benign vascular tumors?
Monolayer endothelial lined vascular channels without atypia filled with RBC or lymph.
What are common clinical features of varicose veins?
Stasis, congestion, edema, pain, and thrombosis.
Who is primarily affected by Classic Kaposi Sarcoma?
Older men (90%) of Eastern European (Ashkenazic Jews) or Mediterranean descent.
What carcinogenic exposures are associated with hepatic angiosarcoma?
Arsenic, Thorotrast, and polyvinyl chloride.
What is a capillary hemangioma?
The most common type of hemangioma, composed of thin-walled capillaries with scant stroma.
What is the most important risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities?
Prolonged immobilization resulting in venous stasis.
What distinguishes a port wine stain from Nevus Flammeus?
Port wine stains tend to grow during childhood, thicken the skin surface, and do not fade.
What is a glomus tumor?
A benign but painful tumor arising from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies, commonly found under fingernails.