Plants and phytoplankton are not equipped to incorporate nitrogen from the atmosphere.
Energy.
The Sun's energy as it warms the ocean and other surface water.
The circulation of oxygen in various forms through nature.
The Sun's energy warming the ocean and other surface water.
Life on Earth depends on the recycling of essential chemical elements.
Weathering of rocks.
The demand for Earth’s limited fossil fuel supplies rising.
In sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
Water.
Rainwater falling to the ground through sulfur dioxide gas, turning it into weak sulfuric acid.
Sulfur is released into the soil.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Fallout.
The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts.
In soils, dissolved in the oceans, and in organisms.
Through fertilizer runoff and sewage.
Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, and other energy storing molecules.
One dealing with rapid carbon exchange among living organisms, and the other dealing with the long-term cycling of carbon through geologic processes.
The process of removing mineral components from saline water.
To respire and return it to the air and water as carbon dioxide (CO2).
Desalination.
By the combustion of fossil fuels, releasing nitrogen oxides.
Important ecosystem processes that release matter necessary for life back into the environment and help sustain natural processes.
Eutrophication, which causes the overgrowth of algae, depletion of oxygen, and death of aquatic fauna.
Millions of years.
Groundwater and surface water, moving to the sea.
The transfer of molecules from one locality to another.
The process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3), which spontaneously becomes ammonium (NH4+).
Deep seas.
Sedimentary Cycle.
Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and water.
They are being depleted faster than they are being replenished by water penetrating down from above.
Photosynthesis.
Excessive plant and algal growth.
Sediment.
By using artificial fertilizers in agriculture, which are then washed into lakes, streams, and rivers through surface runoff.
Liquid water, beneath the surface, ice, and water vapor.
1) From the decomposition of organic molecules, 2) From volcanic activity and geothermal vents, 3) From the burning of fossil fuels by humans.
Sublimation.
A natural pathway by which essential elements of living matter are circulated.
It is the only biologically important inorganic form, which plants absorb and use to synthesize organic compounds.
During summer months.
It is essential to all organisms.
It is important in the structure of biomolecules.
Second only to nitrogen.
Precipitation.
The ocean, soil, and atmosphere.
In water.
Earth’s crust.
The flow of substances.
It falls to the ocean floor, forming sediments.
Leaves, stems, and flowers.
The area of the Earth where water movement and storage occur.
Between the oceans, land, and atmosphere.
Via nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Weathering of rocks.
Free in the air and dissolved in water.
Gaseous and Sedimentary.
It influences the rates of ecosystem processes.
Cycles that involve the movement of nutrients through biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems.
Human actions are now negatively affecting many of these cycles.
Photosynthesis.
The supply of fresh water.
1) Runoff from land, 2) From atmospheric fallout, 3) From underwater geothermal sources.
The waters of the world.
It is an essential element for the molecules of living things.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Algae.
Increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors needed for photosynthesis.
Dead plants and algae.
Through free-living and symbiotic bacteria.
Production of acid rain (as nitric acid, HNO3) and greenhouse effects (as nitrous oxide, N2O), potentially causing climate change.
It becomes available when dissolved in precipitation as weak sulfuric acid or when it falls directly to Earth as fallout.
As the phosphate ion (PO4^3-).
Condensation.
68.9%.
Volcanic activity and weathering of rocks.
Weathering.
Air or the oceans (via evaporation).
Converting nitrates into nitrogen gas, allowing it to re-enter the atmosphere.
Through decomposition of biomass or excretion by consumers.
In the atmosphere and dissolved in water.
Rock phase.
When bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas, allowing it to re-enter the atmosphere.
When matter from living organisms is buried deep underground and becomes fossilized.
Volcanic activity and human emissions.
Chemical degradation of buildings.
Aquifers.
Damage to aquatic ecosystems.
Dead zones in major rivers.
By digging wells.
Water, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Phosphorus.
30.8%.
Surface runoff.
Climate change.
They eventually get weathered and recycled.
To obtain drinkable water from saline sources.
1) Precipitation 2) Direct fallout from the atmosphere 3) Rock weathering 4) Geothermal vents.
Approximately 78%.
It is the second most abundant element.
It is dissolved in the form of weak sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
As lakes age and are filled in with sediments.
The transformation of matter from one form to another.
Organic nitrogen.
Taken up by producers and incorporated into organic material.
In the atmosphere.
The process where excessive nutrients in a body of water cause overgrowth of plants and algae, leading to oxygen depletion and harm to aquatic life.
Respiration.
Evaporation.
A significant subsurface reservoir of fresh water.
97.5%.
Soil bacteria.
The consideration of the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of each cycle.
They are recycled repeatedly.
Through surface runoff, groundwater flow, and river flow.
Nitrites (NO2-) and then nitrates (NO3-).
Because it can lead to unhealthy or dying fish and other wildlife due to oxygen depletion.
Storing rainwater.
They are not lost and are recycled repeatedly.
It is present in all organic molecules and some non-organic molecules like CO2.
Nitrogen fixation.
It condenses into clouds as liquid or frozen droplets.
Biotic components, Geological & abiotic components, Chemical cycles.
A drastic increase in the amount of carbon dioxide.
A place where something is kept in store.
By preventing excessive nutrient runoff and reducing the risk of eutrophication.
About 70 percent.
In the pores between particles in dirt, sand, and gravel, or in the fissures in rocks.
In the 1800s.
Nutrient circuits involve both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components of ecosystems.
It returns water to Earth's surface.
It cycles into marine food webs.
To make organic molecules.
They link living organisms with living organisms, living organisms with the non-living organisms, and non-living organisms with non-living organisms.
The remaining 2.5% freshwater.
It becomes available to consumers.
