Where does the cephalic vein ascend?
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Lateral side of the forearm and arm.
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Where does the cephalic vein ascend?
Lateral side of the forearm and arm.
What is the function of the anterior compartment of the upper limb?
Flexes glenohumeral and elbow joints.
What is the central part of the palmar fascia called?
Palmar aponeurosis.
What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy – cutting open the fascia to relieve pressure.
In which direction do deep veins flow?
They flow in reverse.
What is a dermatome?
A unilateral area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
What does the basilic vein merge with to form the axillary vein?
Deep veins around the axillary artery.
What does the retinaculum create?
The carpal tunnel.
How do deep lymphatic vessels travel?
They accompany major deep veins.
What is the upper limb specialized for?
High mobility and ability for grasping and fine motor movements.
Which vein follows the brachial and profunda brachii veins?
The axillary vein.
What is the deep fascia of the forearm called?
Antebrachial fascia.
What is the function of the upper limb in body movement?
Acting in balance and body movement by gripping and pulling.
Which dermatomes are involved in referring pain down the arm in Angina?
T1 and T2 dermatomes.
What is the sacrifice made by the upper limb for mobility?
Sacrifice stability for mobility.
Which muscle is located in the region of the teres major?
Teres major.
What vein follows the axillary vein?
The subclavian vein.
Which aspect of dermatomes is more developmentally related?
More developmentally related.
What is another name for the retinaculum?
Transverse carpal ligaments.
To which lymph nodes does the cephalic vein drain?
Apical axillary and (less so) deltopectoral nodes.
What are the two types of arches in the hand related to arterial supply?
Superficial and deep palmar arches.
Which segment of the upper limb is the second longest?
Forearm (antebrachium).
What is the deep fascia of the shoulder called?
Pectoral and deltoid fascia.
What is the clinical consideration associated with Angina?
Referred pain.
Where does the right thoracic duct drain to?
Junction of right subclavian and internal jugular veins.
What are the branches of the subclavian artery?
Axillary, Brachial, and Radial arteries.
What is the upper limb considered as an extension of?
The thorax.
Which part of the upper limb contains the most joints and bones?
Hand.
What does the interosseous membrane in the forearm connect?
It connects the radius to the ulna and separates the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments along with antebrachial fascia.
Which segments innervate the heart in relation to Angina?
T1-T5 segments.
What regions of the body does the right thoracic duct drain from?
Right side of head/neck, left arm and thorax.
What is the consequence of compartment syndrome?
It can lead to muscle ischemia.
Which region of the upper limb overlaps with the thorax?
Shoulder.
What is the function of the intermuscular septum in the arm?
It connects brachial fascia to the humerus and separates the arm into anterior and posterior compartments.
Where does the basilic vein ascend?
Medial side of the forearm and arm.
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
Scapula and clavicle.
What is the base of the palmar aponeurosis continuous with?
Superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments.
What bone is located in the region of the clavicle?
Clavicle.
Name the veins that lead to the brachial and profunda brachii veins.
Radial and ulnar veins.
What are the nerve innervations of the upper limb?
Supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4), Axillary n. (superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm) (C5,C6), Medial brachial cutaneous n. (C8-T2), Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. (C8-T1), Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.(C6,C7), Radial n. (posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm)(C5-C8), Superficial br. of radial n. (C6,C7), Median nerve (C6 –C8), Ulnar nerve (C6 –C8), Radial n. (inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm) (C5,C6)
Which lymph nodes does the basilic vein drain to?
Cubital and humeral axillary nodes.
What is the extensor continuous with?
Antebrachial fascia.
What is the relationship between deep veins and named arteries?
Deep veins travel with named arteries.
How many patterns of dermatomes are there?
Two.
What regions of the body does the thoracic duct drain from?
Left side of head/neck, left arm and thorax, all of abdomen and lower limbs.
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the upper limb?
Extends glenohumeral and elbow joints.
What are the branches of the brachial artery?
Radial and Ulnar arteries.
Which segment of the upper limb is the longest?
Arm (brachium).
Which aspect of dermatomes is more clinically related?
Two patterns.
Where does the median cubital vein cross?
Anterior aspect of the elbow.
Which bones make up the free upper limb?
Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Where do deep lymphatic vessels primarily drain to?
Humeral axillary nodes.
Which joint is considered the middle joint of the upper limb?
Elbow (cubital fossa).
Through which triangle does the cephalic vein enter to drain into the axillary vein?
Clavipectoral triangle.
Where does the pain refer down along in Angina?
Down the arm along dermatome segments.
What is the role of the upper limb in weight-bearing?
It is not involved in weight-bearing.
Which lymph nodes do axillary lymph nodes drain to?
Subclavian lymph nodes.
What are the digital branches associated with deep veins?
They lead to the deep and superficial palmar arches.
What is the deep fascia of the arm called?
Brachial fascia.
Where does the thoracic duct drain to?
Junction of left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
How do superficial lymphatic vessels travel?
They travel with superficial veins.
What is compartment syndrome?
Swelling or bleeding into the compartment causing compression of nerves and vessels.
Which arteries have numerous branches in the region of the elbow?
Axillary and brachial arteries.
Which joint is the distal joint of the upper limb?
Wrist.
