What is kleptomania?
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Irresistible desire to steal articles.
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What is kleptomania?
Irresistible desire to steal articles.
What is the most common psychiatric disorder in India?
Depression.
What is the most common contrast agent used in MRI?
Gadolinium DTPA.
What is the measure of absorbed dose in radiotherapy?
Gray (1 gray = 100 rads).
What is the characteristic appearance of a bladder in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Fish hook bladder.
Which phase of the cell cycle is most sensitive to radiation?
G2M phase.
What isotope is primarily used in thyroid scans?
I-131.
Who discovered X-rays?
William Roentgen.
What is the half-life of I-131?
8 days.
Which medications are used in the management of ADHD?
Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine.
What disorder involves the need to pull out hair?
Trichotillomania.
What is the shortest acting muscle relaxant?
Succinylcholine.
What is the characteristic shape of the heart in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Boot-shaped heart.
What characterizes dissociative amnesia?
Patchy impairment of personal memory.
What is the target material used in X-rays?
Tungsten.
Which scan is used to detect hot spots in myocardial infarction?
Technetium scan.
What does the Hounsfield number in a CT scan depend on?
Mass density.
What tissue has the highest density on a CT scan?
Bone.
What is the primary use of a laryngeal mask airway?
Airway maintenance.
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of open spaces.
What is sleepwalking also known as?
Somnambulism.
What concept is associated with Sigmund Freud that involves the id, ego, and superego?
Psychoanalysis.
What are Codman's triangle and Sunray appearance associated with?
Osteosarcoma.
What sign is associated with pyloric stenosis?
Single bubble sign.
What does contrast in X-ray depend upon?
kVP (kilovolt peak).
What is the purpose of the Gamma knife?
Used in stereotactic surgery to cut tumors in different locations.
What is the vasopressor agent of choice during spinal anesthesia?
Ephedrine.
How is an illusion defined?
A misinterpretation of external stimuli.
What neurotransmitter is increased in schizophrenia?
Dopamine.
What is Hoffman's elimination related to?
Atracurium.
What is the most common cause of suicide?
Depression.
What are the features of mania?
Inflated self-esteem, grandiosity, flight of ideas, and distractibility.
What are the symptoms of Korsakoff's syndrome?
Profound and persistent anterograde amnesia and confabulation.
What questionnaire is used for alcohol assessment?
CAGE.
What is the measure of activity of radiation?
Becquerel.
What sign is indicative of ischemic colitis?
Thumb printing sign.
What sign is associated with ectopic ureter?
Dropping flower sign.
Who discovered nitrous oxide?
Priestly.
What type of shielding is required for CT scan rooms?
At least 1/16 inch lead shielding.
What are Bleuler's criteria for schizophrenia?
Association disturbance, affect disturbance, autism, and ambivalence.
What is the best management for phobias?
Cognitive behavioural therapy.
What is the treatment for sleep terror (pavor nocturnus)?
Diazepam.
What device is used to reduce scattered radiation in X-rays?
Grid.
What is the most radiosensitive cell type?
Lymphocytes.
What are the main symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Easy distractibility, poor attention span, and impulsivity.
What is the essential feature of hypochondriasis?
A persistent belief of serious medical illness despite reassurance and appropriate medical evaluation.
What neurotransmitter is increased in mania and anxiety?
Noradrenaline.
What are nihilistic ideas associated with?
Depression.
What does Wernicke's encephalopathy involve?
Mammillary bodies.
What is a feature of alcoholic paranoia?
Hallucination.
What IQ range defines mild mental retardation?
50-69.
In which condition is intracranial calcification seen?
Cysticercosis.
What are Hydroxyurea and 5-FU classified as?
Radio-sensitizers.
What is the most radiosensitive cell?
Lymphocyte.
What drug is commonly used to treat ADHD?
Methylphenidate.
What is the use of a Gamma camera?
Radionuclide scans.
What is craniospinal irradiation done for?
Medulloblastoma.
What is the maximum permissible dose of radiation per year?
5 rad/year.
What is the appearance associated with a horse shoe kidney?
Flower vase appearance.
Who invented the CT scan?
Hounsfield.
What appearance is associated with achondroplasia?
Champagne glass pelvis.
Where is spinal anesthesia administered in children?
L4-L5.
How are MRI rooms shielded from external electromagnetic radiation?
By continuous sheets of copper or aluminum.
What neurotransmitter is decreased in epilepsy?
GABA.
What neurotransmitter is decreased in dementia?
Acetylcholine.
What radiological sign is associated with mitral stenosis?
Double shadow.
What are the features of Ebstein's anomaly?
Cardiomegaly and pulmonary oligemia.
Which anesthetic agent can cause postpartum hemorrhage?
Halothane.
What are the symptoms of delirium tremens?
Disorientation, anxiety, and perceptual defects.
What is the best investigation for avascular necrosis?
MRI.
What is the investigation of choice for minimal bronchiectasis?
High Resolution CT scan.
What is the imaging of choice (IOC) for acute cholecystitis?
HIDA scan.
What is the frequency range commonly used in medical ultrasound?
1 MHz to 20 MHz.
What are common characteristics of delayed speech and language development?
Problems in forming social relationships, stereotyped movements, poor speech, and lack of social interaction.
What defines a delusion?
A disorder of thought characterized by a false, unshaken belief not amenable to reasoning.
What is pyromania?
Irresistible desire to set things on fire.
What forms the right border of the heart?
SVC, IVC, and right atrium.
What is the appearance of the heart in transposition of great arteries?
Egg on a string.
Which anesthetic is related to dissociative anesthesia?
Ketamine.
What is the imaging characteristic of hyaline membrane disease on chest radiography?
Ground glass appearance.
What does Hampton's hump indicate?
Pulmonary embolism.
What is the mechanism of action for nitric oxide?
Acts via the cGMP pathway.
What is dipsomania?
Irresistible desire for alcoholic drinks.
What are the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, thought alienation phenomena, delusional perception, and passivity phenomena.
What is a common use of PET scans?
Differentiating radiation necrosis from active neoplasm.
Which neurotransmitters are involved in depression?
Serotonin and norepinephrine.
Which condition is indicated by the onion skin appearance?
Ewing's sarcoma.
What distinguishes dementia from delirium?
No disturbance of consciousness in dementia.
What is a common treatment used in managing Alzheimer's dementia?
Donepezil.
What phenomenon is seen with nitrous oxide?
Second gas effect/diffusion hypoxia.
What are alpha waves associated with?
Eyes closed and mind wandering.
Halothane is useful in which patient group?
Asthmatics.
What is a false unshaken belief not amenable to reasoning called?
Delusion.
What is the fear of closed spaces known as?
Claustrophobia.
What is an absolute contraindication for ECT?
Raised intracranial tension.
How is IQ calculated?
Mental age X 100 / Chronological age.
What is the agent of choice for induction in the pediatric age group?
Sevoflurane.
What color is the nitrous oxide cylinder?
Blue.
What are the adverse effects of nitrous oxide?
Megaloblastic anemia and bone marrow suppression.
Which neurotransmitter is decreased in depression?
Serotonin.
In which stage of sleep are night terrors seen?
NREM sleep.
What do local anesthetics block?
Sodium channels.
What is the agent of choice for day care surgery?
Propofol.
What stage of anesthesia is surgical anesthesia?
Stage III.
What is the most common syndrome associated with alcohol withdrawal?
Hangover.
What neurotransmitter is involved in dementia?
Acetylcholine.
Significant hyperkalemia with succinylcholine is seen in which conditions?
Paraplegia, Crush syndrome, etc.
Who discovered radioactivity?
Madam Curie.
What is the use of a gamma knife?
Stereotactic surgery.
What is the term for abnormal preoccupation with normal body functions?
Hypochondriasis.
What phenomenon is associated with LSD abuse?
Flashback phenomenon.
Fluoxetine belongs to which group of drugs?
SSRI.
What effect do filters have in radiology?
They create a beam of greater intensity.
What is Brachytherapy?
Radiation therapy where sources are placed within or near the tumor.
What is the value of water in a CT scan?
Zero.
What is a hallucination?
A disorder of perception where perception occurs in the absence of external stimuli, not dependent on the will of the observer.
What is the duration of post-dural puncture headache?
7-10 days.
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in adults?
L2-3/L3-4.
What neurotransmitters are decreased in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Serotonin and noradrenaline.
What is the radiological sign associated with Scurvy?
Pencil thin cortex.
What is a key characteristic of delirium?
Clouding of consciousness.
What type of dementia is Alzheimer's classified as?
Cortical dementia.
What are common difficulties faced by individuals with autism?
Difficulty in concentration and communication.
What is Mallampatti grading used for?
Assessment of the oral cavity before intubation.
What is the agent of choice for induction in the pediatric age group?
Sevoflurane.
Which anesthetic agent is cerebroprotective?
Propofol.
What type of schizophrenia may be associated with amphetamine use?
Paranoid schizophrenia.
What substances are used for both teletherapy and brachytherapy?
Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137.
What is the SI unit of radiation exposure?
Coulomb/cm (old unit: Roentgen).
What is the drug of choice for OCD?
Fluoxetine.
What does the Spalding sign indicate?
Intrauterine fetal death.
What appearance is seen in chronic pancreatitis?
Chain of lake appearance.
What material is commonly used to make ultrasound probes today?
Lead zirconate titanate.
What is Asperger's syndrome?
A variant of autism without delay in language or cognitive development, often with a better prognosis.
What causes post-dural puncture headache (PDPH)?
Low CSF pressure/CSF leak.
What are contraindications for MRI?
Cardiac pacemakers and aneurysmal clips.
What substance is used in a PET scan?
2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG).
What forms the left border of the heart?
Left atrial appendage, left ventricle, aortic arch, and pulmonary artery.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
What does the fallen fragment sign indicate?
Aneurysmal bone cyst.
What appearance is described as cotton wool or ground glass?
Fibrous dysplasia.
What view is used to visualize the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses?
Water's view/Occipito-mental view.
What type of tissue is cartilage in terms of radiation sensitivity?
Radioresistant.
What is Amifostine?
A cytoprotective/radioprotective agent (a thiophosphate).
What is an alpha particle composed of?
2 protons and 2 neutrons.
What type of particle does Phosphorous-32 emit?
Beta particle.
Which rays have the maximum penetration power?
Gamma rays.
What are highly resistant skeletal tumors?
Osteosarcoma.
What is the appearance of the heart in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)?
Snowman heart.
What sign is associated with a hydatid cyst?
Water lily sign.
What are the radiological features of heart failure?
Cardiomegaly, prominent upper lobe veins, and Kerley B lines.
What is the PIN index of nitrous oxide?
3, 5.
What medication is used for managing alcohol withdrawal?
Chlordiazepoxide.
What is the appearance of the bamboo spine associated with?
Ankylosing spondylitis.
Which anesthetic agent has a low blood and tissue gas partition coefficient?
Desflurane.
Which anesthetic agent causes profound analgesia?
Ketamine.
La belle indifference is associated with which disorder?
Conversion disorder.
What is the irresistible desire to steal items of lesser value called?
Kleptomania.
What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?
Gray (old unit: Rad).
What is a key feature of dissociative identity disorder?
Dominance of 2 or more personalities.
What is the first-line treatment for OCD?
Fluoxetine.
What chromosomal abnormality is most commonly associated with mental retardation?
Down syndrome.
From which amino acid is nitric oxide produced?
Arginine.
What does the water lily sign suggest?
Hydatid cyst.
What does the rat tail appearance of the esophagus indicate?
Esophageal carcinoma.
Which organ is most commonly affected by radiation exposure?
Skin.
What is the most common alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Hangover next morning.
What is the agent of choice for prophylaxis in mania?
Lithium.
What chromosomal abnormality commonly causes mental retardation?
Down syndrome.
Which neurotransmitter is implicated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Serotonin.
What is the normal IQ score?
Which view is best for visualizing the ethmoid sinus?
Occipitofrontal view.
What causes post-dural puncture headache?
CSF leak from the puncture site.
What is the Hounsfield number of water in a CT scan?
Zero.
Which anesthetic agent sensitizes the heart to adrenaline?
Halothane.
What is the half-life of cobalt-60?
5.2 years.
In which condition are nihilistic ideas commonly seen?
Depression.
In which phase of sleep are night terrors seen?
NREM.
What is stereotactic surgery a form of?
Radiotherapy.
Delusion is a disorder of what?
Thought content.
Which anesthetic agent causes adrenocortical suppression?
Etomidate.
What are common causes of miliary mottling on chest radiography?
TB, RA, sarcoidosis, and fungal infections.
What is the IQ range for a 'moron'?
50-69.
What is the color of the oxygen cylinder?
Black body with white shoulders.
Where is the site of spinal anesthesia administration in infants?
L4-5.
Etomidate is contraindicated in which condition?
Adrenocortical insufficiency.
What features may indicate mania?
Grandiosity and flight of ideas.
What is the most common psychiatric disorder in India?
Depression.
What is the earliest radiological sign in acute osteomyelitis?
Soft tissue swelling.
What is the most radiosensitive brain tumor?
Medulloblastoma.
What is the most common manifestation of radiation exposure in the skin?
Erythema.
What are isotopes?
Substances having the same atomic number and different atomic weight.
What is the most radiosensitive tissue?
Bone marrow.
What is the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle?
G2M.
What is the most sensitive mucosa to radiation?
Intestinal mucosa.
Magnan's symptom is associated with the abuse of which substance?
Cocaine.
What is the investigation of choice for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Non-contrast CT.
What causes papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in infancy?
Radiation exposure.
Which type of rays are the most ionizing?
Alpha rays.
What is used for the Radioactive Iodine Uptake test?
Iodine-123.
What is the most radiosensitive ovarian tumor?
Dysgerminoma.
What condition is characterized by difficulty in forming social relationships?
Autism.
What is the first symptom of schizophrenia to improve with treatment?
Auditory hallucination.
What is the most common radiation-induced cancer?
Leukemia.
What is the SI unit of radioactivity?
Becquerel (old unit: Curie).
What are features of ADHD?
Easy distractibility and poor attention span.
