What is an example of a technical safeguard?
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Encryption of electronic health information.
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What is an example of a technical safeguard?
Encryption of electronic health information.
What are the three levels of security in the hospital information system?
Administrative, Physical, and Technical.
What is one requirement of the HIPAA Security Rule?
Ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of all electronic Protected Health Information (e-PHI).
What moral direction does a value statement create?
It guides decision-making and creates a yardstick against any action.
What is the primary reason for protecting privacy and confidentiality in health information systems?
It is a right of all people that merits respect without needing to be earned, argued, or defended.
What are the primary health care units?
Rural health units, chest clinics, malaria eradication units, schistosomiasis control, puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics, community hospitals, and health centers operated by various organizations.
What is the vision of the Department of Health (DOH) for Filipinos by 2022?
Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia.
What should precede the use of informatics tools in patient care?
Adequate training and instruction, including review of applicable product evaluations.
What does the management of primary health care emphasize?
Equitable distribution of health care.
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
What characterizes secondary health care units?
Smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals offering services for symptomatic stages of disease requiring moderately specialized knowledge.
What does NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040 envision?
A better life for all Filipinos over the next 25 years.
Who has obligations to protect privacy and confidentiality in health information systems?
System designers, maintenance personnel, administrators, physicians, nurses, and other users of the information system.
What is the goal of organizing integrated and seamless care in a health system?
To link prevention, acute care, and chronic care across all components of the health systems.
What is a key function of technological security tools in health care information systems?
Availability of accurate and up-to-date information.
What does the analyzer do with the results?
It produces the results and sends them to the LIS.
What is the definition of a vision statement?
A one-sentence statement describing the distinct and motivating long-term desired transformation resulting from an institutional program.
What does 'responsiveness' in a health system entail?
Providing satisfactory health services and engaging people as active partners.
What is the purpose of planning in primary health care?
To set direction and determine what needs to be accomplished.
Where can physicians view the results?
On the CIS screen.
What is a key feature of informal educational institutions?
Learning independently outside of the conventional classroom.
What does responsibility refer to in a management setting?
The duty of the employee to perform the assigned tasks and activities.
What is ethics also known as?
Moral philosophy.
What is the purpose of accountability in health information systems?
To ensure healthcare providers are responsible for their access to and use of information based on a legitimate need and right to know.
Who should use most clinical systems?
Professionals qualified to address the question at hand based on their licensure and clinical training.
What is a key aspect of staffing in primary health care management?
Acquiring and retaining human resources.
What is the purpose of access controls in health IT?
To restrict access to authorized computer accounts.
What does the SMART criteria stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound.
What is the purpose of health care delivery?
To render health care service to people.
What does health financing involve?
Raising and pooling resources to pay for health services.
What was the purpose of the Health Sector Reform Agenda in 1996?
To restructure the DOH for improved healthcare delivery, regulation, and financing.
What is the importance of data protection in health informatics?
It relates to non-maleficence, ensuring that no harm comes from data misuse.
What is essential for well-managed pharmaceutical services?
Education on the proper use of medication.
What is the mission of the DOH?
To lead the country in the development of a productive, resilient, equitable, and people-centered health care system.
Who can view the results before they are released for general viewing?
Only the technologists.
How is access controlled in health information systems?
By enabling access for healthcare providers only to information essential for their jobs and limiting temptation to access beyond legitimate needs.
What factors influence the categories of health workers among countries?
Available health manpower resources, local health needs and problems, and political and financial feasibility.
What does patient autonomy refer to?
Allowing individuals to make their own decisions in response to societal context.
How are tests ordered in the laboratory information system?
Physician orders are entered into the CIS and electronically sent to the LIS.
What does controlling involve in the management of primary health care?
Monitoring staff activities and performance and taking corrective actions.
What are the essential inputs for health service delivery?
Policymakers, human resources (medical doctors, hospital personnel), supply of medicines, and medical equipment.
How does the public health system primarily finance itself?
Through general taxation.
What is line authority?
Authority where managers issue orders to their subordinates and are responsible for the results.
What is one objective to sustain primary health care?
Improvement in the level of health care of the community.
What does perimeter identification involve?
Knowing and controlling the boundaries of trusted access to the information system, both physically and logically.
What are the three main aspects of health informatics?
Healthcare, informatics, and software.
What are some values embodied in a responsive health system?
Respectfulness, dignity, confidentiality, autonomy, quality, and timeliness.
What is the purpose of the Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030?
To end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and confront climate change issues.
What role do intermediate health workers play?
They provide professional health care and support to front-line health workers.
What is one objective of the CMT program?
To develop the dexterity of the students in the technical procedures of medical technology.
How does the health care system define its components?
As a combination of resources, organization, financing, and management that deliver health services.
What does centralization refer to in an organization?
The concentration of planning and decision-making at the top of the organization.
What is the first ethical principle regarding computer programs in clinical practice?
A computer program should be used only after appropriate evaluation of its efficacy and documentation of its performance.
What type of safeguard includes office alarm systems?
Physical safeguards.
What defines tertiary health care units?
Medical centers and large hospitals offering highly technological and sophisticated services for serious health threats.
What are the two types of educational institutions?
Formal and Informal.
What characterizes a formal educational institution?
A conventional classroom setup administered by a governing body with a structured learning method.
What is one of the administrative safeguards for the LIS?
Continuous employee training on the use of LIS.
What is a principle of primary health care regarding technology?
Use of approachable technology that is accessible, affordable, feasible, and culturally appropriate.
What is TUA’s vision statement?
A Premiere Christian University in Asia and the Pacific, transforming a community of learners into leaders towards a humane society.
What is the Beveridge Model of health care?
A model where public hospitals are funded by taxes and bills are paid by the government (e.g., UK).
What did the Fourmula One (F1) for Health initiative in 2005 aim to achieve?
To undertake health system reforms with speed and precision.
What is the role of the health workforce?
To achieve the best health outcomes by being responsive, fair, and efficient.
What is an example of an administrative safeguard?
Continual risk assessment of the health IT environment.
What is the focus of the Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022?
To translate the vision of a stable, comfortable, and secure life for Filipinos.
What is the purpose of the Health Privacy Code implementing the Joint A.O 2016-0002?
To allow different applications to exchange data without loss of semantics and enable effective communication among health facilities.
What are the characteristics of valid informed consent?
Competence, amount and accuracy of information, patient understanding, and voluntariness.
Why is employee training important in administrative safeguards?
To appropriately protect electronic health information.
What is health service provision?
The most visible product of the healthcare system aimed at improving the wellness of the population.
What is the role of stewardship in health systems?
To set direction, context, and policy framework for overall health systems.
What is risk pooling in health care?
A form of risk management that spreads financial risks from an individual to all pool members.
What is included in the essential elements of primary health care?
Maternal and child health care including family planning.
What measures should be taken to ensure data security?
All collected data must be protected against loss, unauthorized destruction, and modification.
What principles does a health system based on primary health care build upon?
Equity, universal access, community participation, and intersectoral approaches.
What is the primary role of the Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines?
To oversee the health care, public health, and medical needs and requirements of the Filipino.
What can the LIS be programmed to flag?
Certain results, such as critical values.
What are TUA's core values?
Integrity, Excellence, Teamwork, Innovation, and Social Responsibility.
What is the first step in the laboratory information flow for a hospital patient?
Registering the patient and creating their records in the LIS.
What does the health care system refer to?
An organized plan of health services.
What should a vision statement be like?
Clear, memorable, and concise, averaging 14 words in length.
How is the status of samples updated in the laboratory?
By scanning each sample container's barcode ID into the LIS to change its status from 'collected' to 'received.'
What significant health policy was adopted in 1979 in the Philippines?
The Primary Health Care System (LOI 949).
What is functional authority?
Authority given to managers that have power only over a specific set of activities.
What does the principle of primary health care emphasize?
Health systems based on primary health care should always be emphasized.
What is formalization in management?
Written documentation provided for the direct control of employees.
What is the fundamental right related to information privacy?
All persons have the right to control over the collection, storage, access, and disposition of their data.
What does health informatics study?
The effective use of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem-solving, and decision-making.
What does the Philippine Health Agenda guarantee?
Population and individual-level interventions for all life stages, access to health interventions, and financial freedom through Universal Health Insurance.
What does the Philippines Data Privacy Act of 2012 aim to protect?
Individual personal information in information and communications systems in both government and private sectors.
What is the definition of primary health care?
Essential health care made universally accessible and acceptable through full participation at a cost the community and country can afford.
What is the Alma-Alta Declaration focused on?
The attainment of the highest possible level of health as a worldwide social goal.
What is the function of first-line hospital personnel?
To provide backup health services for cases requiring hospitalization and to establish contact with intermediate health care workers.
What did the Generics Act (RA 6675) of 1988 promote?
The writing of prescriptions using the generic name of drugs.
What is the core function of health insurance companies?
Risk pooling.
What is the goal of the Universal Health Care (UHC) Law (RA 11223) enacted in 2019?
To automatically enroll all Filipino citizens in the National Health Insurance Program.
What is the main goal of the Philippine Health Agenda?
To ensure 'All for Health towards Health for All'.
What is a value statement in an educational institution?
A list of fundamental doctrines that guide and direct the institution and its beliefs.
What is the purpose of a mission statement?
To relate to the intention of an institution's existence, answering 'What do you do?' or 'Who do you do this for?'
What is the role of information systems in healthcare?
To assist in the dispensation of healthcare and other supplementary services.
What is the definition of fairly financed health systems according to WHO?
A system that does not deter individuals from receiving needed care due to payments required at the time of service.
What is the primary role of the Health Financing System?
To fund health care services and ensure access when needed.
What is a physical safeguard mentioned for the laboratory?
Periodic maintenance of laboratory equipment.
What does the mission statement define?
The key measure of the institution’s success.
What is the National Health Insurance Model?
A model where private hospitals are funded by taxes and bills are paid by the government (e.g., Canada).
What does Kalusugang Pangkalahatan (Universal Health Care) provide?
Universal health coverage and access to quality health care for all Filipinos.
What is one of the goals of a health care system?
Improving the health of populations by protecting them from existing and emerging health risks.
What happens to unflagged results?
They are usually reviewed and released at the same time.
How does the LIS help reduce the workload of technologists?
By automatically reviewing and releasing normal results or results within a certain range.
What is authority in the context of management?
The formal and legitimate right of a manager to issue orders, make decisions, and allocate resources to achieve desired outcomes.
How must electronic health records (EHR) respect patient autonomy?
By maintaining respect for patient autonomy while balancing the quality of patient records.
What happens before the blood sample is collected?
The LIS prints a list of patients whose blood samples need to be drawn along with barcode labels for each test order.
What is the Philippine health care system?
A complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services in the Philippines.
What questions does the developing statement address?
When do we want to reach success? Where do we want to go forward? How do we want to do it?
What is decentralization?
The delegation of planning and decision-making to the lower branches of the organization.
What is the Philippine Health Care System?
A complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services in the Philippines.
What is the significance of comprehensibility and control in health information systems?
To ensure that record owners, data stewards, and patients understand and have effective control over aspects of information privacy and access.
What is the role of security guards in physical safeguards?
To protect locations containing sensitive information.
What was established by the National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875) in 1995?
A national health insurance mechanism for financial protection, prioritizing the poor.
What does staffing involve?
Assignment of individuals to responsible positions identified in a management plan.
What is the purpose of a Health Information System?
To analyze, disseminate, and use reliable and relevant information on health status, determinants, and system performance.
What is the principle of least intrusive alternative?
Any infringement of privacy rights should occur in the least intrusive manner possible.
What are the four focus areas of NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040?
No one is poor, promoting long and healthy life, becoming smarter and more innovative, and building a high-trust society.
What is the importance of community participation in primary health care?
To ensure an adequate number of trained health care professionals are distributed.
What is the responsibility of the Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines?
To formulate national policies, guidelines, standards, and programs for health care.
What is one key element for better primary health care?
Universal coverage to reduce exclusion and social disparities in health.
What is an essential element of primary health care related to education?
Education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of identifying, preventing, and controlling them.
What was the impact of the Local Government Code (RA 7160) in 1991?
It transferred the responsibility of providing health services to local government units.
How is beneficence related to electronic health records (EHR)?
It relates to the use of stored data in the EHR system.
What does the principle of openness entail?
Information must be disclosed in an appropriate and timely manner to the subjects of that data.
What are educational objectives?
Short statements that learners should achieve within or at the end of a course or lesson.
What are the mechanisms for revenue collection in health care?
General taxation, direct household out-of-pocket expenditures, mandatory payroll contributions, risk-rated contributions, donor financing, and personal savings.
What is a technical safeguard for user access in the LIS?
Automated identity confirmation procedures for users requesting access.
What happens after long periods of inactivity in the LIS?
There is an automatic log-off.
What is a principle of primary health care regarding integration?
Primary healthcare is integrated into a larger whole and informs the functioning of the overall system.
What does service delivery refer to in health care?
Timely delivery of quality and cost-effective personal and non-personal health services.
What is the difference between privacy and confidentiality?
Privacy relates to individuals' aversion to eavesdropping, while confidentiality concerns unintended disclosure of information.
Who are village or grassroots health workers?
First contacts of the community performing simple curative and preventive health care measures.
What does auditing of health IT operations help ensure?
The effectiveness of security measures.
What are the six important building blocks of the health care system according to WHO?
Service Delivery, Human Resource, Medicines and Technology, Financing, Information, Leadership and Governance.
What do beneficence and non-maleficence mean in health informatics?
Beneficence means 'do good' and non-maleficence means 'do no harm'.
What are the responsibilities of the Department of Health (DOH) in the Philippines?
Formulation of national health policies, issuance of rules and regulations, promulgation of health standards, and development of special health programs.
What is accountability in management?
The means of reporting and justification of task outcomes to higher management by those with authority.
What occurs when a sample is run in the laboratory?
The sample is loaded onto the analyzer, which reads the barcode and knows which tests to perform based on the test order from the LIS.
What is staff authority?
Authority given to specialists in their areas of expertise, where they advise, recommend, and counsel.
What characterizes the Bismarck Model?
Private hospitals where bills are paid by insurers and funded by individuals and employers (e.g., Germany).
What does the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (RA 9502) of 2008 promote?
Access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all.
What is accountability in the context of privacy rights?
Any violation of privacy rights must be justified to the affected individuals in a timely manner.
Who leads and governs the health care system in the Philippines?
The Department of Health (DOH).
What is the time focus of a vision statement?
Futuristic.
What does the Out-of-Pocket Model entail?
Private hospitals where bills are paid and funded by individuals (e.g., US uninsured population).
What rights do subjects of electronic health records have?
They have the right to access and correct their records for accuracy, completeness, and relevance.
What is strategic purchasing in health care?
Using collected funds and pooled financial resources to finance health care services for members.
How does software ethics impact end-users?
Activities by software developers can significantly affect end-users, necessitating ethical considerations.