Short Answer Test 1 full

Independent variable: level of anxiety (experimental condition: speech threat, control condition). Dependent variable: number of words generated on the Boggle task.

Groups and group behavior such as attraction, obedience, conformity, and aggression.

Language, hearing, and visual pattern recognition.

Observes phenomena in their natural environment with minimal interference.

Clinical psychologist.

A coating derived from glial cells that surrounds the axon of certain neurons to increase the speed of electrical pulses (action potentials).

Level of anxiety.

Height and weight are positively correlated.

Bringing feelings from past conflicts and trauma from the unconscious to the conscious mind.

Philosophy and physiology.

Studying the effects of crowding on levels of aggression.

They design, carry out, and publish scientific research.

Anxiety decreased performance on the word generation task.

Unconscious conflicts or fixations from early years and bringing past feelings to the conscious mind.

Clinical psychologist.

Directionality and third variable confounds prevent researchers from making causal inferences.

It states that every human has an innate drive towards actualization and that knowing your true self leads to happiness.

Learning of fear or threatening stimuli and recognition of fear; it may also be involved in other emotions.

Research on the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on patients with bulimia nervosa.

A controlled study that uses random assignment to control for all variables except the independent variable being manipulated.

The number of words generated on the word generation (or 'Boggle') task.

The main influences on human behavior are unconscious processes and childhood experiences.

Observes phenomena in their natural environment with minimal interference.

Neurotransmitters are released to bind to receptors, be cleaned away, or undergo reuptake.

Touch, spatial orientation, and non-verbal thinking.

It acts as a relay station for the cerebral cortex, sorting and sending sensory information (except smell) to the proper cortex.

The hypothalamus influences the pituitary gland to direct gland systems, which release hormones into the bloodstream to bind with receptors.

To ensure that neither the participant's desire to help nor the experimenter's unconscious bias affects the results.

Directionality and third variable confounds prevent causal inferences.

Dopamine.

Wilhelm Wundt.

The experimental group was significantly more anxious than the control group (p=.01).

An examination and observation of only one subject.

The manipulation involved making the experimental group anxious by threatening them with an improvised speech, and the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety levels.

Our sense of touch.

It is when a neuron receives enough excitatory messages to exceed the threshold and fire an electrical pulse down the axon.

Sigmund Freud.

Temporary effects that do not change the permanent structure of anatomy.

You are no longer able to understand or comprehend speech.

To assess, diagnose, and treat mental disorders through individual and/or group therapy.

Self-esteem and GPA are positively correlated, but it's unclear if self-esteem causes good marks or if good marks cause high self-esteem.

A relationship where, as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

Philosophy and physiology.

A researcher studying children's ability to recognize their mothers' faces at different ages.

A correlation measures the strength and direction of associations between two variables, while an experiment uses random assignment to control for all variables except the independent variable, allowing for causal inferences.

Participants in the anxiety condition were significantly more anxious than those in the control group.

A researcher studying the effects of crowding on levels of aggression.

Memory consolidation and possible storage.

To reduce demand characteristics and create a more anxious group for testing the hypothesis.

Improvement in condition or symptoms due to belief in receiving treatment, despite no real treatment being given.

A correlational study measures the strength and direction of associations between two variables, while an observational study observes phenomena in their natural environment with minimal interference.

They fuse through the membrane of the terminal button into the synaptic gap, bind to compatible receptor sites, or are cleaned away through inactivation or reuptake.

Anti-psychotic medication.

It involved making the experimental group anxious by threatening them with an improvised speech, and measuring anxiety levels using the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale.

Philosophy and physiology.

Acetylcholine.

'Psyche' means 'soul' or 'mind' and 'logos' means 'the study of' or 'to study'.

Feelings of pleasure and relief from pain.

A correlational study measures associations between variables, while an observational study observes phenomena in their natural environment.

Sensory input from the ears.

It refers to not knowing if variable A causes variable B to change, or vice versa, or if there is mutual interaction.

They contain the visual cortex and are primarily responsible for vision.

It emphasizes that the environment and learning experiences are the most important influences on human development and behavior.

Learning of fear, recognition of fear, and involvement in other emotions.

The small space between the terminal buttons of the pre-synaptic neuron and the post-synaptic neuron.

Dopamine.

Participants in the experimental group produced fewer words than those in the control group.

Counseling psychologist.

Permanent changes in the structure and function of anatomy, such as testosterone creating male genitalia in the womb.

Cognitive psychologists study thinking and information processing, including memory, higher order thinking, and eyewitness identification.

Recognition of faces, places, sounds (music), and emotion; assembling puzzles, discriminating colors, and arranging blocks.

The examination and observation of only one subject.

A variable that is not controlled for, which may affect the relationship between two variables.

Vision.

Mental illness and dysfunction are caused by physical disturbances or abnormalities, with a focus on genetic traits.

The examination and observation of only one subject.

Acetylcholine.

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems.

Damage to Broca’s area affects speech and grammar production.

Learning and recognition of fear.

Examining the effects of time on episodic vs. semantic memories.

1. Provides flexible control of movement patterns. 2. Permits subtle discrimination among complex sensory patterns. 3. Enables symbolic thinking, which is the foundation of thought and language.

An experimental or academic psychologist.

The number of words generated on the word generation (Boggle) task.

It emphasizes that the environment and learning experiences are the most important influences on human development and behavior, focusing on observable behavior.

Temporal lobe.

It states that unconscious conflicts or fixations during early years influence personality development.

Auditory cortex.

They assess, diagnose, and treat mental disorders, often through therapy.

Participants in the experimental condition were significantly more anxious than the control group.

The environment and learning experiences as the most important influences on human development and behavior.

A study that measures the strength and direction of associations between two variables.

The small space between the terminal buttons of the pre-synaptic neuron and the dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron.

Curare or Novacaine.

The fight or flight response.

Parietal lobe.

They assess and treat mental health issues, often conducting experiments to study psychological phenomena.

Participants were told the study was about university years and major affecting language skills, but it was actually about anxiety's effect on performance.

The examination and observation of only one subject.

IQ affecting the relationship between self-esteem and GPA.

Inability to understand or comprehend speech.

A researcher studying the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on patients with bulimia nervosa.

1. Experimental condition (speech threat) 2. Control condition.

It regulates mood, sleep, and depression.

Frontal lobe.

Acetylcholine, with nicotine as one of its agonists.

A person who has had their corpus callosum severed, preventing communication between brain hemispheres.

They suffer from directionality and third variable confounds, preventing causal inferences.

Level of anxiety.

Serotonin.

Mental illness and dysfunction are caused by physical disturbances or abnormalities, and human development is dependent on genetic traits.

Pleasure and pain relief.

An experimental study is controlled and uses random assignment to manipulate the independent variable.

Primary visual cortex.

Language, speech, logic, and complex motor behavior.

If their eyes are closed, the information goes to the right hemisphere, which cannot communicate with the left hemisphere where language abilities are controlled.

Somatosensory cortex.

Motor cortex.

It can decrease sex drive in both males and females.