What is probability sampling?
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A sampling method where every member of the population has a calculable and non-zero probability of being included in the sample.
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What is probability sampling?
A sampling method where every member of the population has a calculable and non-zero probability of being included in the sample.
What is a major drawback of simple random sampling?
It requires listing every item in the population and constructing a large sampling frame, leading to extensive calculations and costs.
Why is probabilistic sampling desirable in research?
It helps arrive at conclusions or make predictions affecting the population as a whole.
How does the quality of a sample statistic get affected?
By the way that sample observations are chosen, i.e., by the sampling method.
What is the purpose of stratified sampling?
To improve the representativeness of the sample by sampling each stratum independently.
What are the advantages of non-probability sampling methods?
Convenience and cost.
What is a disadvantage of Snowball Sampling?
Bias, as referrals may be similar to those initially sampled.
What is a sample statistic?
An estimate based on sample data of a population parameter.
How can a simple random sample be drawn from a telephone directory?
By randomly generating numbers or picking them out of a box, ensuring each number has an equal chance of selection.
How is the skip interval (k) calculated in systematic sampling?
Skip interval (k) = Population size / Sample size.
What is a population parameter?
The true value of some attribute of a population.
What does systematic sampling involve?
The selection of every Kth element from a sampling frame, where K is the skip interval.
What is an example of how systematic sampling can be applied?
Selecting every Kth item in a production line to ensure quality or detect defects.
When is Snowball Sampling particularly useful?
When dealing with low incidence or rare populations.
What is an example of non-probability sampling?
Purposive sampling, where units are selected deliberately for a specific purpose.
When is simple random sampling advantageous?
When the target population size is small, homogeneous, and the sampling frame is clearly defined.
What is Judgment Sampling?
The selection of a unit from the population based on the judgment of an experienced researcher.
How does a researcher determine the number of respondents in quota sampling?
The researcher specifies the number of respondents (quota) to be drawn from each category in advance.
What is multistage cluster sampling?
A sampling method that involves grouping the population into clusters and selecting a few clusters for study, which can be done in one or more stages.
What is simple random sampling?
A sampling process where each element in the target population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample.
What is a major drawback of convenience sampling?
The sample is not representative of the entire population, leading to biased findings.
What is a common application of Judgment Sampling in polling?
Selecting districts with voting patterns close to the overall state or country based on past trends.
How can quota sampling ensure representation?
By segmenting the population based on characteristics like gender and filling quotas for each category.
What is the purpose of conducting a sample survey?
To estimate the value of a population attribute.
What is a typical example of convenience sampling?
A company surveying its employees to gauge acceptance of a new potato chip flavor.
How do companies use Judgment Sampling during test marketing?
They select certain preferred cities that they consider representative of the total population of the country.
What is a potential issue with quota sampling?
It can be subject to interviewer bias, affecting the representativeness of the sample.
How does multistage cluster sampling differ from stratified sampling?
Multistage sampling selects entire clusters, while stratified sampling selects elements from within strata.
What are the benefits of simple random sampling?
It is free of classification error, requires minimum advance knowledge of the population, and eliminates human bias.
What is the importance of random selection in sampling?
It ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included, reducing bias.
What is a characteristic of probability sampling methods?
Each population element has a known (non-zero) chance of being chosen for the sample.
Why is stratification important in sampling?
It ensures that each element in the population is assigned to a specific group, improving the representativeness of the sample.
What is non-probability sampling?
A sampling method that involves the selection of units based on factors other than random chance.
What is convenience sampling?
A sampling method where units are selected based on their availability and accessibility to the researcher.
What are the two categories of sampling methods?
Probability samples and non-probability samples.
What is the purpose of using random sampling in small populations?
To avoid the instance of a unit being sampled more than once.
What is a disadvantage of non-probability sampling methods?
They do not allow you to estimate the extent to which sample statistics are likely to differ from population parameters.
What might happen if a researcher selects respondents based on availability in quota sampling?
The sample may reflect superficial characteristics rather than the true diversity of the population.
What is quota sampling?
A method where the population is segmented into groups, and a specified number of respondents is drawn from each group.
What is Snowball Sampling?
A sampling technique that involves the selection of additional respondents through referrals.
What are the advantages of Snowball Sampling?
Small sample sizes and low costs.
How does the homogeneity of elements affect sample size in stratified sampling?
A smaller sample size can be drawn from homogeneous strata, while a larger sample is needed from heterogeneous strata.
How does SG Sports Ltd. use Snowball Sampling?
By collecting details of website visitors and asking them to refer other squash players.
What is stratified random sampling?
The process of grouping members of the population into homogeneous groups before sampling.
What distinguishes single-stage from two-stage cluster sampling?
In single-stage, all elements from selected clusters are studied, while in two-stage, a random selection of elements from those clusters is made.
What is an example of non probably sampling
Purposive sampling, where units are selected deliberately for specific purpose