D) Fear of illness based on online information

Explanation: Cyberchondria refers to the excessive anxiety and fear of having a serious medical condition based on self-diagnosis from online information, often leading to unnecessary stress and medical tests.

C) By causing sleep disturbance

Explanation: Excessive screen time and gaming can lead to sleep disturbance, which is a psychological consequence that can have a detrimental effect on overall well-being and mental health.

A) Seeking medical advice

Explanation: None of the misleading videos recommended viewers to seek out a medical, psychiatric, or psychological assessment before attributing symptoms to ADHD, indicating a lack of responsible guidance and potential harm to viewers.

C) Life impairment and distress

Explanation: Substance use disorder often leads to life impairment and distress, affecting various aspects of an individual's life and contributing to the severity of the condition.

C) Tolerance and withdrawal

Explanation: Tolerance and withdrawal are common signs of substance use disorder, indicating the physiological and psychological impact of prolonged substance consumption on an individual's body and mind.

B) 52%

Explanation: A study published in the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry revealed that 52% of the top 100 most popular videos about ADHD on TikTok were misleading, highlighting the prevalence of misinformation on the platform.

B) The concept of maintaining a healthy and balanced relationship with technology and digital devices

Explanation: Digital wellbeing refers to the idea of establishing a healthy and balanced interaction with technology and digital devices, emphasizing the importance of conscious and intentional use to enhance overall wellbeing and minimize potential negative impacts.

B) Cognitive-behavioural therapy

Explanation: Cognitive-behavioural therapy is highlighted as a potential therapeutic approach for treating digital addiction, emphasizing the importance of psychological intervention in addressing this issue.

B) A community that interacts primarily via the Internet

Explanation: An online community, also known as an internet community or web community, is defined as a community whose members primarily interact with each other via the Internet, highlighting the significance of digital communication in fostering connections and relationships.

C) The perfect balance between two extremes

Explanation: The Goldilocks Effect refers to the concept of finding the perfect balance or middle ground between two extremes, often used in various scientific, environmental, and economic contexts.

B) Ongoing effort, adaptation, and commitment

Explanation: Cultivating a positive online community necessitates ongoing effort, adaptation, and commitment to create a space where members feel supported, respected, and inspired to contribute positively. This highlights the continuous nature of the process and the dedication required.

C) Adolescents

Explanation: Adolescents are identified as the most vulnerable age group to problematic internet gaming use due to their lack of cognitive control, making them more susceptible to developing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).

B) A time blocking technique

Explanation: The 'Pomodoro' technique is a time blocking technique that involves working for a set period, typically 25 minutes, and then taking a short break. After completing a certain number of work sessions, a longer break is taken, making it an effective method for managing time and improving productivity.

C) It decreases relationship satisfaction and increases conflict

Explanation: McDaniel and colleagues' study revealed that even a small amount of technology distraction during leisure time can lead to decreased relationship satisfaction and increased conflict, which can accumulate over time, impacting the overall quality of the relationship.

C) Relaxation and stress reduction

Explanation: Internet gaming can serve as a means of relaxation and stress reduction, providing individuals with an outlet for unwinding and alleviating stress, which can contribute to improved mental health.

C) Difficulty in processing and understanding new information

Explanation: When an individual experiences cognitive overload, it leads to difficulty in processing and understanding new information due to their cognitive resources becoming overwhelmed by the excessive amount of information presented to them.

B) Setting limits and establishing screen-free zones

Explanation: Promoting healthy technology use involves setting limits and establishing screen-free zones, which are effective strategies for preventing digital addiction and maintaining a balanced approach to technology consumption.

B) Continuous and repeated involvement with video games

Explanation: Internet gaming disorders are characterized by continuous and repeated involvement with video games, often resulting in significant disruptions to daily life, work, and education, emphasizing the compulsive nature of the behavior.

D) Across various platforms such as Facebook and Reddit

Explanation: Online communities can occur across various platforms such as Facebook, Reddit, and others, encompassing a wide range of community types including support, learning, networking, and fan communities.

A) Controlling personal information

Explanation: Privacy refers to an individual's right to control their personal information, including how it's collected, used, shared, and stored. This control ensures that individuals have the freedom to make choices about their personal information without the fear of it being misused or accessed without their consent.

B) Location tracking

Explanation: Location tracking is highlighted as one of the ways in which users often find their privacy violated online, underscoring the potential risks associated with the collection and misuse of location data in the digital environment.

C) By educating and intervening

Explanation: Promoting a positive online environment involves educating individuals about digital citizenship and intervening when negative behavior occurs. This proactive approach aims to foster a culture of respect and empathy online, ultimately contributing to a healthier online community.

C) Greater wellbeing and cognitive abilities

Explanation: Some studies have associated moderate video game play with greater wellbeing and cognitive abilities, highlighting the potential positive impact of gaming when engaged in moderation.

B) Cyberchondria

Explanation: The term 'cyberchondria' is used to describe the relationship between excessive online health searches, anxiety disorders, and somatic symptom disorders, highlighting the psychological impact of such behavior and its association with specific mental health conditions.

C) Respect everyone's privacy

Explanation: The guidelines for the Life Uncut Discussion Group on Facebook include being kind and courteous, avoiding hate speech or bullying, refraining from promotions or spam, respecting everyone's privacy, and not asking for medical advice. These guidelines aim to foster a positive and respectful online community.

D) Musculoskeletal problems

Explanation: Smartphone overuse has been linked to musculoskeletal problems, as indicated by İNal et al. (2015), highlighting the physical health implications of excessive smartphone usage.

D) Cravings and withdrawal symptoms

Explanation: Both substance addictions and behavioral addictions involve cravings and withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit the behavior or substance, underscoring a common challenge faced in addiction recovery.

D) When a person is facing much larger stressors than usual

Explanation: Mental health problems arise when a person is facing much larger stressors than usual, indicating the impact of significant stressors on an individual's mental well-being.

C) A state of mental fatigue

Explanation: Cognitive overload refers to a state of mental fatigue that occurs when an individual's brain processing capacity is exceeded due to being presented with an excessive amount of information. This leads to difficulty in processing and understanding new information.

C) 93%

Explanation: According to the provided information, 93% of Australian households own at least one gaming device, indicating the widespread prevalence of gaming technology within households in Australia.

D) Their emotional well-being

Explanation: When reflecting on digital technology usage, individuals should consider the impact on their emotional well-being and mental health, including factors such as stress, anxiety, and overall psychological wellness.

A) Phishing scams

Explanation: Individuals should be cautious of phishing scams to protect their online privacy, as these fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and other security breaches.

C) Cravings, urges and lack of control

Explanation: Substance use disorder is characterized by cravings, urges, and lack of control over consumption, which are key indicators of the condition's impact on behavior and mental state.

B) By comparing themselves to others

Explanation: Social comparison theory suggests that individuals evaluate their own personal and social worth by comparing themselves to others, which can have implications for self-esteem and mood.

B) Depression

Explanation: Privacy breaches and online threats can contribute to the development of depression, leading to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities, which can have a detrimental impact on an individual's mental health.

C) It shortens attention span

Explanation: Information overload has been linked to a shortened attention span, which can impact an individual's ability to focus and concentrate on tasks or information due to the overwhelming volume of data.

D) Powerful dopamine response

Explanation: Both substance addictions and behavioral addictions involve a powerful dopamine response to using the substance or performing the behavior, indicating a shared neurobiological aspect in addiction disorders.

B) A signal of anxiety

Explanation: Mental distress is described as an inner signal of anxiety that a person feels when something in their environment is demanding, highlighting its role as an emotional response to stressors.

E) Building a positive offline support network

Explanation: Cultivating a positive offline support network involves actively building a supportive and positive group of individuals in one's offline life, which can contribute to overall mental and emotional wellbeing, and reduce reliance on social media for validation.

C) Digital minimalism and setting boundaries

Explanation: Digital minimalism and setting boundaries is a strategy that involves controlling the flow of information to manage information overload, emphasizing the importance of limiting digital consumption and setting boundaries to maintain a healthy balance.

C) Increased functional impairment and healthcare utilization

Explanation: Cyberchondria was associated with increased functional impairment and healthcare utilization, as evidenced by research (Mathes et al. 2018), highlighting the negative consequences of excessive internet searches for medical information on individuals' well-being and healthcare usage.

C) To track and manage Alex's care needs

Explanation: The purpose of developing a care plan for Alex is to effectively track and manage his specific care requirements, ensuring that his needs are met in a comprehensive and organized manner.

E) Alex, family members, and the healthcare provider

Explanation: The development of Alex's care plan involves the collaboration of Alex, his family members, and the healthcare provider to ensure that all perspectives and insights are considered in creating a comprehensive and effective plan.

C) Digital technology opportunities

Explanation: Week 4 of the course centers on exploring the opportunities presented by digital technology, emphasizing the potential for innovation and growth in this field.

D) Depression

Explanation: Excessive screen time and gaming have been linked to psychological consequences such as depression, which can negatively impact mental health and well-being.

C) Excessive use despite negative consequences

Explanation: IGD is characterized by excessive use despite negative consequences, similar to other addictive disorders, such as problem gambling, indicating a pattern of behavior that disregards the harmful effects of the disorder.

B) Anxiety and PTSD

Explanation: Privacy breaches and online threats can lead to anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), causing individuals to experience symptoms such as flashbacks, hypervigilance, doubts, constant fears, and paranoia, which can significantly impact their mental well-being.

B) Increased stress levels and irritability

Explanation: Research indicates that information overload is linked to heightened stress levels and irritability, highlighting the negative psychological impact of being overwhelmed with excessive information.

B) Males

Explanation: Males are typically more likely to develop IGD than females, as indicated by a male to female ratio of 2.5:1 for Gaming Disorder (GD), highlighting a gender-based susceptibility to this condition.

C) To acknowledge their connection to land, waters, and culture

Explanation: The acknowledgment of the Traditional Owners of the country in Australia serves the purpose of recognizing and respecting their enduring connection to the land, waters, and culture, highlighting the importance of their heritage and custodianship.

C) Much more research is needed to assess whether digital detoxes are beneficial.

Explanation: The impact of digital detox is uncertain, as current studies vary in terms of duration, assessment measures, and time points for assessments. It is highlighted that much more research is needed to determine the potential benefits of digital detoxes.

B) People with anxiety and depression

Explanation: Individuals suffering from anxiety and depression are at higher risk of developing cyberchondria, a condition characterized by excessive health-related internet searches and anxiety about potential illnesses.

B) Digital systems

Explanation: Cybersecurity is a subset of security that specifically focuses on protecting digital systems, networks, devices, and data from cyber threats. This specialized area addresses the unique vulnerabilities and risks associated with digital technologies.

B) Engaging in activities that promote self-esteem and self-growth

Explanation: One of the strategies for reducing self-comparison on social media is to engage in activities that promote self-esteem and self-growth, which can help individuals focus on their own personal development rather than comparing themselves to others.

B) First-time pregnancy

Explanation: First-time pregnancy is noted as a potential cause of cyberchondria in mothers, indicating that this significant life event can contribute to heightened health-related concerns and excessive internet searches for health information.

B) Weekly

Explanation: The text specifies that in-person seminars are provided each week across the twelve weeks of the semester, highlighting the regularity of these sessions throughout the semester.

E) Anxiety related to health concerns from online information

Explanation: Cyberchondria refers to the excessive anxiety related to health concerns that arises from searching for medical information online. This can lead to heightened fears and unnecessary stress due to self-diagnosing based on internet research.

C) Managing digital technology usage

Explanation: The 'Digital Diet' concept primarily revolves around managing and regulating digital technology usage, akin to how a traditional diet focuses on managing food consumption for overall health and well-being.

B) Self-diagnosis, anxiety, and symptom amplification

Explanation: Excessive online health information searches can lead to self-diagnosis, anxiety, and the amplification of symptoms, which can have negative psychological effects on individuals, as indicated by current research.

D) To promote healthy and constructive interactions

Explanation: Cultivating positive online communities is important to promote healthy and constructive interactions between users on a particular platform. Positive online communities can foster collaboration, support, and engagement, and reduce negative behaviors such as harassment and negativity, contributing to a more positive online environment.

E) It can negatively affect self-esteem and mood

Explanation: Social comparison theory suggests that media influence, social status, and competitiveness can have a negative impact on self-esteem and mood, highlighting the potential detrimental effects of these factors on individuals' well-being.

B) Decreased control over behaviors

Explanation: Behavioural addiction is characterized by decreased control over a range of behaviors, as individuals experience an intense desire to perform the behavior, leading to significant distress and life impairment.

D) It involves preoccupation and intense desire

Explanation: Behavioural addiction shares similarities with substance addiction as it involves preoccupation with and intense desire to perform the behavior, resulting in significant distress and life impairment, similar to substance use disorder.

D) Video games only increase aggression in individuals predisposed to aggression

Explanation: Studies have indicated that video games can increase aggression, but this effect is generally observed in individuals who already had a predisposition to aggression, highlighting the nuanced relationship between video games and aggressive behavior.

C) ling.wu@monash.edu

Explanation: The email address of the lecturer for the course PSY2014 is ling.wu@monash.edu, providing students with a direct contact point for academic inquiries and communication.

D) Protecting from unauthorised access

Explanation: Security encompasses measures and practices to protect individuals, organisations, and systems from various threats, including unauthorised access, data breaches, cyberattacks, and other malicious activities. It involves implementing protocols, technologies, and strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to potential risks and vulnerabilities.

E) Negative associations between digital technology use and health

Explanation: Smartphone users are concerned about the negative associations between digital technology use and health, as indicated by Dienlin & Johannes (2020), Orben & Przybylski (2019a), and Orben & Przybylski (2019b), highlighting the awareness and apprehension regarding the potential impact of smartphone use on health and wellbeing.

C) Difficulty in accessing mental health services

Explanation: The text highlights that people with a mental health condition often face the primary issue of difficulty in accessing mental health services, which can lead to substandard care or no benefit at all.

E) Digital Technology Challenges

Explanation: The lecture overview specifically centers on the challenges associated with digital technology, highlighting the potential difficulties and obstacles in this domain.

B) Todoist

Explanation: Todoist is cited as an example of a productivity app that can aid in minimizing distractions, highlighting its potential to enhance focus and productivity.

B) To work in teams

Explanation: The purpose of today's 'flipped' lecture is to engage in team-based problem solving and case development, as indicated by the instruction to 'work in teams' and 'solve some cases'. This active participation fosters collaborative learning and critical thinking.

A) Are there devices you don’t know about? Are they using someone else’s account?

Explanation: The difficulty in controlling how and when people use social media is emphasized by the questions raised about unknown devices and the potential use of someone else's account, highlighting the challenges in monitoring social media usage.

D) By providing social support

Explanation: Internet gaming can offer social support, fostering connections and interactions among players, which can have a positive impact on mental wellbeing by reducing feelings of isolation and promoting a sense of community.

D) By seeking professional medical advice

Explanation: Seeking professional medical advice is a crucial coping strategy for managing health-related anxiety associated with Cyberchondria, as it allows individuals to receive accurate information and guidance from qualified healthcare professionals.

A) It helps in creating positive online communities

Explanation: Understanding 'Digital Boundaries' is significant as it assists in establishing healthy and respectful online interactions, thereby contributing to the cultivation of positive online communities.

C) Reviewing apps' permissions

Explanation: One of the recommended strategies for protecting online privacy and enhancing security is to review apps' permissions, which involves checking and managing the access that various applications have to personal data and device functions.

B) Their sleep patterns

Explanation: When reflecting on personal habits and digital technology usage, individuals should consider the impact on their sleep patterns, including screen time before bed and the quality of sleep, which can significantly affect overall well-being.

D) Digital diet

Explanation: Digital diet is a strategy that involves the conscious effort to limit digital consumption and reduce the overall exposure to excessive information, serving as a proactive approach to managing information overload and promoting digital wellbeing.

C) Adolescents (13 - 18 years) and young adults (19 - 24 years)

Explanation: Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of social comparison on social media, as they may be more susceptible to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem when comparing themselves to others.

B) Lower psychosocial wellbeing

Explanation: Studies have identified that individuals with IGD experience lower psychosocial wellbeing, greater levels of psychopathology, and diminished functioning, highlighting the negative impact of this disorder on mental health and overall functioning.

C) It is likely to reduce the quality of decisions made

Explanation: Information overload can overwhelm individuals, leading to reduced cognitive capacity and attention, ultimately impacting the quality of decisions made.

B) Information mishandling and data breaches

Explanation: Information mishandling and data breaches are cited as common ways in which users' privacy is violated online, highlighting the risks associated with the digital age and the potential exposure of personal information.

B) Notifications, social media platforms, and entertainment media

Explanation: Notifications, social media platforms, and entertainment media are highlighted as factors that can divert attention in the digital age, emphasizing their impact on individuals' focus and concentration.

B) A clinical phenomenon related to internet searches

Explanation: Cyberchondria refers to a clinical phenomenon in which repeated Internet searches regarding medical information result in excessive concerns about physical health, highlighting the impact of online information on individuals' health anxiety.

C) Positive association

Explanation: Cyberchondria is positively associated with symptoms of health anxiety, as indicated by research (Mathes et al. 2018), emphasizing the link between excessive internet searches for medical information and heightened health-related concerns.

C) 32 years

Explanation: The average Australian gamer is reported to be 32 years of age, which challenges the common perception that gaming is predominantly a youth activity and highlights the diverse age range of gamers in Australia.

C) 5 hours

Explanation: On average, individuals spend about 5 hours per day engaging in social activities or hobbies, which are important for mental and emotional well-being.

C) Updating software

Explanation: A recommended practice for maintaining online privacy and security is to update software, which involves installing the latest security patches, bug fixes, and features to protect against vulnerabilities and potential cyber threats.

C) Compulsively regulating mood online

Explanation: Problematic internet use often involves compulsively using the internet to regulate mood, which can lead to a loss of self-control over internet use and contribute to significant distress and life impairment, as indicated by Young (2017).

C) Bullying that occurs online

Explanation: Cyberbullying refers to bullying that takes place over digital devices and platforms, such as social media, messaging apps, or online gaming communities. It can involve various forms of harassment, intimidation, or humiliation.

D) Significant distress and life impairment

Explanation: A key consequence of problematic internet use is significant distress and life impairment, which can result from a loss of self-control over internet use and compulsive online behavior, as defined by Young (2017). This can have a detrimental impact on an individual's overall well-being.

B) Unplugging

Explanation: Android's digital wellbeing tools include the 'Unplugging' feature, which aims to help users disconnect from their devices and maintain a healthier digital lifestyle.

D) Limitation of social skills

Explanation: Excessive screen time and gaming can lead to a limitation of social skills, as it reduces person-to-person interactions and can hinder the development of effective social skills, impacting individuals' ability to engage in face-to-face communication and social interactions.

D) Impaired control

Explanation: Both substance addictions and behavioral addictions share the characteristic of impaired control, which refers to the inability to control the use of the substance or behavior, highlighting a common feature in addiction disorders.

B) Losing a loved one

Explanation: Cyberchondria is prevalent in individuals who have experienced the loss of a loved one, indicating that this emotional trauma can contribute to the development of excessive health-related internet searches and anxiety about potential illnesses.

C) Setting boundaries on health-related searches

Explanation: Setting boundaries on health-related searches is a recommended coping strategy for Cyberchondria, as it helps individuals limit their exposure to potentially anxiety-inducing information and maintain a balanced perspective.

B) 8 hours

Explanation: The average person spends around 8 hours sleeping per day, which is essential for overall health and well-being.

C) 3 hours

Explanation: On average, individuals spend about 3 hours per day on activities related to eating, preparing food, chores, and household tasks, which are essential for maintaining a healthy and functional living environment.

C) Weeks 1-5, 7-9, 11

Explanation: The text specifies that there are 9 in-person tutorials that occur in Weeks 1-5, 7-9, and 11, indicating the specific weeks during which these tutorials take place.

C) For social interaction

Explanation: The main reason younger adults play games is for social interaction, as indicated by industry data. This emphasizes the social aspect of gaming for this demographic.

D) <24 years

Explanation: Mental health conditions are noted to have an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 24 years, indicating the importance of early intervention and support for young individuals.

D) Monitoring and managing discussions

Explanation: One of the strategies for cultivating positive online communities is to monitor and manage discussions, which helps in maintaining a healthy and constructive environment by addressing any potential issues or conflicts.

D) Negative and harmful attitudes

Explanation: Perpetrators of cyberbullying exhibit negative and harmful attitudes, as they engage in harmful online behavior with the intention of causing emotional distress, humiliation, or harm to others.

B) To combat misinformation on digital media platforms

Explanation: Digital media literacy is essential for combating misinformation on digital media platforms by enabling individuals to critically evaluate information, fact-check, and verify sources before accepting and sharing them, thereby contributing to a more informed and discerning online community.

B) william.warton2@monash.edu

Explanation: William Warton's email address is william.warton2@monash.edu, providing students with the means to contact him for inquiries related to the course 'Mental Health in the Digital Age' or other relevant matters.

B) By implementing focused work sessions

Explanation: Implementing focused work sessions is mentioned as a technique for minimizing distractions, emphasizing the importance of dedicated periods of concentrated work to enhance productivity.

B) Snooping

Explanation: Snooping is identified as a common method of violating privacy online, emphasizing the intrusive nature of unauthorized access to personal information and the need for heightened security measures to prevent such breaches.

B) Chronic untreated stress

Explanation: Chronic untreated stress is identified as a factor that can lead to the development of cyberchondria, highlighting the impact of prolonged stress on individuals' mental well-being and health-related behaviors.

D) Setting boundaries on health-related searches

Explanation: Setting boundaries on health-related searches is a key strategy for maintaining a balanced perspective in the context of Cyberchondria, as it helps individuals regulate their exposure to health information and prevent overwhelming anxiety.

B) More than two hours

Explanation: Kids spend an average of more than two hours online on weekdays, indicating a significant amount of time spent engaging with digital content during the week.

C) 1 in 4

Explanation: About 1 in 4 young adults aged 18-24 years will experience a mental health condition, emphasizing the higher vulnerability of this age group to mental health issues.

B) Smartphones

Explanation: Children and young people are increasingly using the internet on a variety of portable devices, including smartphones, which can pose challenges for adult supervision.

B) Driver's education

Explanation: The analogy of driver's education is used to underscore the necessity of providing the equivalent of structured guidance for interactive media use, highlighting the importance of learning to navigate technology in a safe and responsible manner.

D) Feeling a compulsive need to seek reassurance from a doctor

Explanation: Cyberchondria often involves a compulsive need to seek reassurance from a doctor or medical professional, indicating the persistent anxiety and doubt experienced by individuals with this condition.

B) A state of being overwhelmed by the amount of data presented

Explanation: Information overload refers to the state of being overwhelmed by the amount of data presented for one's attention or processing, which can lead to challenges in information consumption and decision-making.

C) Celebrities

Explanation: Celebrities, who have an immense amount of video and audio data easily accessible, are particularly susceptible to the impact of 'deep fake' technology, as their likeness can be manipulated and used in fake content, potentially causing reputational damage.

C) Facial inconsistencies

Explanation: 'Deep fake' technology faces issues such as facial inconsistencies, access to data, and other technical challenges, which are areas that are still being improved upon as the technology advances.

C) By seeking help from trusted adults or authorities

Explanation: Individuals can combat cyberbullying by seeking help from trusted adults, authorities, or support organizations. It is important to address the issue proactively and involve responsible parties to ensure the safety and well-being of the victim.

B) Practicing mindfulness

Explanation: Practicing mindfulness is highlighted as a method to anchor people to the present and minimize distractions, underscoring its potential to enhance focus and reduce mental clutter.

E) Reduced quality of interactions due to 'phubbing'

Explanation: Smartphone use during social interactions can lead to reduced quality of interactions, a phenomenon known as 'phubbing', as noted by McDaniel & Radesky (2018) and Nuñez et al. (2020), highlighting the detrimental effect of excessive smartphone use on social dynamics.

B) Encouraging self-compassion

Explanation: Promoting healthy social media use involves encouraging self-compassion, which can help individuals develop a positive and supportive relationship with themselves, leading to a healthier approach to social media interactions.

C) Social support

Explanation: Internet gaming can provide social support, creating opportunities for individuals to connect with others and build relationships, which can contribute to increased mental wellbeing and a sense of belonging.

D) It has negative effects on performance

Explanation: Research indicates that multitasking has negative effects on performance, shedding light on the detrimental impact of attempting to juggle multiple tasks simultaneously in the digital age.

D) No, without official diagnostic criteria

Explanation: Cyberchondria is not a formal diagnosis and lacks official diagnostic criteria, underscoring its status as a clinical phenomenon rather than a recognized medical condition.

A) Misinformation

Explanation: Misinformation refers to false information that is not intended to cause harm, highlighting the distinction between different types of false information and their potential impact.

E) Their family time

Explanation: When setting boundaries for digital technology usage, individuals should consider prioritizing family time and interpersonal relationships, ensuring a healthy balance between screen time and meaningful connections.

B) Their career aspirations

Explanation: When reflecting on goals regarding digital technology usage, individuals should consider the impact on their career aspirations, productivity, and professional development, ensuring that technology usage aligns with their long-term objectives.

C) Decrease in overall psychological wellbeing

Explanation: Social media comparison can lead to a decrease in overall psychological wellbeing, as individuals may experience negative emotions and stress when comparing themselves to others on social media.

C) A combination of face-to-face interactions alongside online or homework tasks using technology

Explanation: Blended care in mental healthcare delivery involves a combination of traditional face-to-face interactions and the use of technology, such as online or homework tasks, to enhance the overall care and treatment process.

C) Fear of missing out (FOMO)

Explanation: Excessive social media use can lead to the fear of missing out (FOMO), causing individuals to feel anxious or left out when they see others engaging in activities they are not part of. This can have a detrimental impact on mental well-being.

C) Fostering a culture of respect and empathy

Explanation: Fostering a culture of respect and empathy online is essential for promoting a positive online environment. This involves encouraging positive interactions, understanding, and support among online users, contributing to a healthier digital community.

D) Encouraging seeking professional support

Explanation: Encouraging individuals to seek professional support when facing challenges online is an effective approach to promoting a positive online environment. This emphasizes the importance of mental health and well-being in the digital space, contributing to a supportive and understanding online community.

B) It is essential for developing digital media literacy

Explanation: The mindful use of technology is closely related to digital media literacy as it involves understanding how to use technology responsibly and critically, which is fundamental for developing digital media literacy.

A) Paying for things securely online

Explanation: To enhance online security when making purchases, it is recommended to pay for things securely online, which involves using trusted and secure payment methods and platforms to safeguard financial information and transactions.

C) Feeling distressed and anxious after online searches

Explanation: Cyberchondria often involves spending significant time researching symptoms online, which can lead to feelings of distress and anxiety rather than reassurance or empowerment, highlighting the negative impact of excessive online health searches.

D) Feeling a compulsive need to recheck symptoms online

Explanation: Cyberchondria involves a compulsive need to recheck symptoms online, even after exhaustive searches, which can lead to repetitive and excessive behavior, contributing to the distress and anxiety associated with this condition.

C) Understanding how digital media platforms and technologies work

Explanation: Digital media literacy encompasses understanding how digital media platforms and technologies operate, which is crucial for navigating the digital landscape and engaging with various forms of digital content.

C) Providing resources and support

Explanation: A key aspect of cultivating positive online communities is providing resources and support, which contributes to the growth and well-being of the community members, fostering a sense of belonging and collaboration.

C) By providing online self-help programs and e-therapies

Explanation: Digital technology can enhance mental healthcare delivery by offering online self-help programs and e-therapies, which utilize the internet or devices to deliver interactive interventions, thereby improving access to mental health resources and support.

D) Due to limited capacity for working memory

Explanation: Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) postulates that human beings possess a limited capacity for working memory, and if presented with information that exceeds this capacity, information overload occurs, highlighting the cognitive aspect of information processing.

C) Team Lead

Explanation: Melinda McCabe serves as the Team Lead for the Monash THRIVE initiative, which focuses on developing digital mental health literacy tools for the Monash community. Her role involves overseeing the design and building of digital experiences, research, and community engagement.

A) 71%

Explanation: According to the National Sleep Foundation in 2020, 71% of people sleep holding their smartphone or have it near them while sleeping, highlighting the prevalent use of technology in daily life and its impact on sleep habits.

B) It plays a large role

Explanation: Technology is noted to play a large role in most people's lives, emphasizing its pervasive influence and significance in modern society.

C) Prioritisation

Explanation: Prioritisation is a strategy that involves organizing tasks based on their importance, helping to reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed by focusing on the most critical information first, thus managing information overload effectively.

C) Both negative and positive

Explanation: The conclusion suggests that digital technology may have both negative and positive impacts on mental health. It highlights the need for further exploration and understanding of the diverse effects of digital technologies on mental well-being.

A) False information intended to cause harm

Explanation: Malinformation refers to information that stems from the truth but is often exaggerated in a way that misleads and causes potential harm, highlighting the nuanced nature of this type of false information.

E) Potential for both positive and negative impacts

Explanation: The conclusion suggests that digital technology has the potential to provide both positive and negative impacts on mental health. This emphasizes the need to harness digital technology for positive outcomes while mitigating potential negative effects.

B) Bullying with the use of digital technologies

Explanation: Cyberbullying and online harassment specifically refer to bullying that occurs through the use of digital technologies, distinguishing it from traditional forms of bullying.

D) People of any age

Explanation: People of any age can be affected by social comparison on social media, but adolescents (13 - 18 years) and young adults (19 - 24 years) are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects, highlighting the widespread impact of social media comparison across different age groups.

D) On social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones

Explanation: Cyberbullying and online harassment can occur in various digital environments, including social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones, highlighting the wide range of platforms where such behavior can take place.

B) 8 hours

Explanation: The average person spends around 8 hours sleeping per day, which is essential for overall health and well-being.

D) It can embolden individuals to engage in hurtful behavior

Explanation: The anonymity and distance provided by the online environment can embolden individuals to engage in hurtful behavior, such as cyberbullying, which can significantly impact the mental well-being of the victims.

D) Negative impact on mental health and emotional well-being

Explanation: Victims of cyberbullying often experience negative psychological consequences, including decreased self-esteem, increased anxiety, and emotional distress as a result of online harassment and abuse.

C) Digital addiction

Explanation: The term used to describe excessive screen time and internet gaming disorder is digital addiction, highlighting the problematic nature of excessive technology use and its potential impact on individuals' well-being.

B) Go to Settings > Screen time > See all Activity

Explanation: On an Apple device, you can check your phone usage by navigating to Settings, then selecting Screen time, and finally choosing See all Activity. This allows users to monitor their weekly or daily usage rates, promoting awareness of their digital habits.

A) Settings > Digital Wellbeing & Parental Controls > Little 'graph' image

Explanation: On an Android device, users can access phone usage stats by going to Settings, then selecting Digital Wellbeing & Parental Controls, and locating the little 'graph' image in the top right-hand corner of the screen. This feature enables users to track their digital habits and make informed decisions about their screen time.

C) Information filtering tools

Explanation: Information filtering tools are a recommended approach for managing information overload, as they help screen and manage the influx of information, enabling individuals to focus on relevant and valuable content while minimizing distractions.

B) Michael Rich, M.D.

Explanation: The statement advocating for education on interactive media use was made by Michael Rich, M.D., emphasizing the importance of providing guidance for children's successful development in the digital environment.

B) It allows for diverse perspectives and insights

Explanation: Working in small groups to develop Alex's care plan provides the benefit of incorporating diverse perspectives and insights, leading to a more comprehensive and well-rounded plan that addresses Alex's specific needs.

D) Offering mental health support and discussion

Explanation: The primary purpose of the BeyondBlue MH forums is to provide a platform for individuals to seek and offer mental health support, engage in discussions, and share experiences, contributing to the promotion of mental well-being within an online community.

C) Spreading rumors and lies

Explanation: A common form of online harassment involves spreading rumors, lies, or false information about an individual or group, which can lead to reputational damage, emotional distress, and social isolation.

C) It contributes to the increasing distribution of user-generated information, including hoaxes and false claims

Explanation: Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter contribute to the increasing distribution of user-generated information, which encompasses hoaxes, false claims, fabricated news, and conspiracy theories, highlighting the challenge of distinguishing real news from fake news on social media.

C) It makes a person a potential consumer or distributor of fake news

Explanation: Possessing a device that can connect to the internet means that an individual is potentially a consumer or distributor of fake news, emphasizing the widespread influence and reach of misinformation facilitated by digital connectivity.

C) PizzaGate controversy

Explanation: The PizzaGate controversy during the 2016 U.S. Presidential elections is highlighted as an example of influential misinformation campaigns, underscoring the impact of false information spread through social media platforms.

D) Privacy and security concerns

Explanation: Privacy and security concerns are not listed as a challenge associated with digital technology in the lecture overview. Instead, they are mentioned to be covered in more detail in Week 5, indicating their separate focus.

B) 1 hour

Explanation: The average time spent on traveling per day is approximately 1 hour, which includes commuting to work, school, or other destinations.

C) Balance

Explanation: While technology is crucial for effective participation in employment or education, it is important to ensure balance, highlighting the need for a healthy integration of technology in daily life.

D) 2-3 hours

Explanation: On average, an Australian gamer plays for two to three hours per week, reflecting the moderate amount of time spent on gaming as a leisure activity.

B) Scarce and poor quality

Explanation: The conclusion indicates that current studies on the impact of digital technology on mental health are scarce, of poor quality, and do not encompass the full range of digital technologies used. This highlights the need for more robust and comprehensive research in this area.

B) Mental Health in the Digital Age

Explanation: William Warton is teaching the course 'Mental Health in the Digital Age', which focuses on the intersection of mental health and digital technologies, addressing the impact of digital advancements on mental well-being.

C) Poor body image

Explanation: Social media comparison can contribute to poor body image, as individuals may feel dissatisfied with their appearance when comparing themselves to others on social media, leading to negative self-perception.

C) Emphasis on mental health support and discussion

Explanation: The BeyondBlue MH forums are distinguished by their emphasis on mental health support and discussion, providing a dedicated space for individuals to engage in conversations related to mental well-being and seek support from others within the online community.

A) Seeking or interpreting evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs

Explanation: 'Confirmation bias' is defined as the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, reflecting a cognitive bias that influences decision-making and perception.

B) To track phone usage and app usage

Explanation: Digital wellbeing tools are designed to provide users with insights into their phone and app usage, allowing them to monitor and manage their digital habits for a healthier balance.

C) 3 hours

Explanation: On average, individuals spend approximately 3 hours on eating, preparing food, chores, and household tasks each day, which are essential activities for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and living environment.

A) Political misinformation

Explanation: The MacronLeaks during the French presidential elections in 2017 involved the spread of political misinformation, emphasizing the use of social media platforms to influence public opinion through false information.

B) Yes, by providing access to mental health resources

Explanation: Victims of cyberbullying should be supported by providing access to mental health resources, counseling, and support networks to address the psychological impact of online harassment and abuse.

C) Engaging with inappropriate content

Explanation: The systematic review of literature suggests that engaging with inappropriate content was associated with negative outcomes, as highlighted by Kostyrka-Allchorne, Cooper and Simpson in 2017. This emphasizes the importance of monitoring the content of television, especially during early developmental stages.

C) 5.03 million

Explanation: The text states that 5.03 million people around the world use the internet, emphasizing the widespread global usage and influence of digital technology.

D) 1 in 5

Explanation: Approximately 1 in 5 Australian adults will experience a mental health condition, highlighting the significant prevalence of mental health issues within the adult population.

D) More than three hours

Explanation: Children spend more than three hours online on weekend days, highlighting the increased digital engagement during leisure time.

A) Increased depression

Explanation: Social media comparison can lead to increased depression, as individuals may feel inadequate or dissatisfied when comparing their lives to others' seemingly perfect lives on social media.

D) They believe in causing emotional distress, humiliation, or harm

Explanation: Perpetrators of cyberbullying hold the belief of causing emotional distress, humiliation, or harm to their targets, reflecting their negative and harmful mindset.

A) To present key insights

Explanation: The group members are responsible for presenting the key insights of the care plan developed for Alex, ensuring that all relevant information and recommendations are effectively communicated to the relevant stakeholders.

C) Aggressive and harmful behaviors

Explanation: Perpetrators of cyberbullying demonstrate aggressive and harmful behaviors by targeting others with harmful online behavior, aiming to cause emotional distress, humiliation, or harm.

D) To fact-check and verify sources

Explanation: Critically evaluating information in digital media literacy serves the purpose of fact-checking and verifying sources, which is crucial for discerning the accuracy and reliability of information encountered on digital media platforms.

B) Watching high-quality content

Explanation: A systematic review of the literature suggests that watching high-quality content is associated with higher academic skills and is predictive of future academic performance, emphasizing the positive influence of content quality on educational outcomes.

C) They exhibit assertive behaviors in seeking help

Explanation: Victims of cyberbullying often exhibit assertive behaviors in seeking help and support to address the emotional distress, humiliation, and harm caused by online harassment and abuse.

D) Constant contact with friends and access to an endless supply of information

Explanation: The text highlights the benefits of smartphones, including constant contact with friends and access to an endless supply of information, which contribute to their positive impact on social connectivity and knowledge sharing.

C) Establishing clear guidelines and rules

Explanation: Establishing clear guidelines and rules is a key aspect of cultivating positive online communities as it provides a framework for expected behavior and consequences, promoting a respectful and inclusive online environment.

D) By encouraging active participation

Explanation: A sense of belonging can be promoted in online communities by encouraging active participation, which fosters engagement and connection among community members, contributing to a positive and supportive online environment.

C) 8 hours

Explanation: The average time spent on working or studying per day is around 8 hours, reflecting the typical duration of a full-time job or academic study.

B) Disinformation

Explanation: Disinformation refers to false information that is intended to manipulate, cause damage, or guide people, organizations, and countries in the wrong direction, emphasizing the deliberate nature and harmful intent of this type of false information.

D) Gaming on mobile devices

Explanation: The advent of gaming on mobile devices has made games more easily accessible anytime and anywhere, reflecting the impact of technological advancements on the gaming landscape.

D) Fear of having several diseases

Explanation: Individuals experiencing Cyberchondria often fear having multiple diseases, rather than just one or two, reflecting the heightened anxiety and apprehension associated with this condition.

C) To be smarter, healthier, and kinder

Explanation: The statement emphasizes the need for using technology in ways that contribute to being smarter, healthier, and kinder to one another, highlighting the positive impact that intentional and mindful technology use can have on individuals.

C) To filter content

Explanation: 'Tags' and metadata are utilized to filter the vast amount of content on the internet, ensuring that users are presented with material that aligns with their interests and preferences, illustrating the role of technology in personalizing online experiences.

E) In both physical and online environments

Explanation: Cyberbullying can occur in both physical and online environments, including schools, workplaces, public spaces, and digital platforms. It is not limited to a specific location and can have detrimental effects on victims regardless of the setting.

D) Unrealistic expectations

Explanation: Social media platforms often present carefully curated versions of people's lives, leading to unrealistic expectations and social comparison. This can result in individuals feeling inadequate and negatively impact their mental well-being.

D) Engaging with inappropriate content

Explanation: The research by Kostyrka-Allchorne, Cooper and Simpson found that engaging with inappropriate content was associated with negative outcomes, underscoring the importance of content selection and appropriateness in television viewing.

B) Setting boundaries

Explanation: Setting boundaries involves managing the amount of time spent on digital devices, emphasizing the importance of establishing limits to maintain a healthy balance between digital engagement and other activities.

C) Decreases procrastination

Explanation: Studies have shown that a reduction or cessation of Facebook use, as a result of digital detoxing, leads to a decrease in procrastination, indicating a positive impact on this behavior.

B) Social media

Explanation: The text attributes the rise in internalizing behaviors such as anxiety and depression to social media, highlighting it as one of the root causes of this trend and emphasizing its potential negative impact on mental health.

C) The content and context

Explanation: The text emphasizes that the content and context of television viewing are important factors to consider. This highlights the significance of not only the material being watched but also the circumstances in which it is being viewed.

B) Loss of self-control over internet use

Explanation: Problematic internet use, or internet addiction, is characterized by a loss of self-control over internet use and time spent online, leading to significant distress and life impairment, as outlined by Young (2017). This compulsive behavior can have negative effects on various aspects of an individual's life.

D) Mental health forum

Explanation: The BeyondBlue MH forums represent a mental health forum, providing a platform for individuals to discuss mental health-related topics, seek support, and share experiences within a supportive online community.

B) Social media and the internet

Explanation: 'THE ALGORITHM' is commonly associated with social media and the internet, where it is used to filter and tailor news feeds, advertisements, and suggested content, reflecting the influence of technology on user experiences.

C) Through digital technologies

Explanation: Cyberbullying and online harassment involve the use of information and communication technologies to cause harm to another person, which can occur on various digital platforms such as social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones.

D) They believe in the harmful nature of cyberbullying

Explanation: Victims of cyberbullying typically hold the belief that cyberbullying is harmful, causing emotional distress, humiliation, and harm as a result of online harassment and abuse.

C) Social isolation and anxiety

Explanation: Online harassment can lead to social isolation, anxiety, and other negative psychological effects. Victims may experience a decline in mental well-being and struggle to maintain a sense of safety and security in online spaces.

D) It has been shown to be an effective form of protection from mindsets that lead to eating disorders, poor body image, low self-esteem, and depression

Explanation: Critical thinking around media use has been demonstrated to be an effective form of protection from the negative mindsets that can result in eating disorders, poor body image, low self-esteem, and depression, underscoring the importance of critical thinking in mitigating the adverse effects of media consumption.

A) Identifying different types of digital technologies

Explanation: Unit Learning Outcome 1 centers on the identification of different types of digital technologies that have the potential to impact mental health and wellbeing, emphasizing the importance of understanding the diverse range of technologies in this context.

B) Smartphones and laptops

Explanation: The text mentions smartphones, laptops, social media, robotics, and AI as examples of digital technologies, highlighting their prevalence and impact in the digital age.

D) Mixed effects

Explanation: Research indicates that digital detoxing has mixed effects on self-regulation, life satisfaction, and mental wellbeing, as evidenced by various studies, highlighting the complexity of its impact on these aspects.

B) Small and indirect

Explanation: The text indicates that the relationships between screen use and levels of anxiety and depression tend to be small, and do not show the direction of the link, suggesting that the impact may not be significant and the causality is unclear.

D) By celebrating achievements and milestones

Explanation: Positive online communities can be encouraged to thrive by celebrating achievements and milestones, fostering a supportive and uplifting environment that recognizes and appreciates the accomplishments of its members.

B) Semester 2, 2023

Explanation: The course 'Mental Health in the Digital Age' is scheduled to take place in Semester 2, 2023, indicating the specific time frame for when students can expect to engage with the content related to mental health and digital technologies.

C) It has no clear impact

Explanation: The largest research base indicates that there is no clear impact of television viewing, highlighting the complexity and ambiguity of its effects on individuals.

B) Practicing self care

Explanation: The text mentions practicing self care as a strategy for digital wellbeing, emphasizing the importance of self-care practices in maintaining a healthy relationship with digital technology.

D) All of the above

Explanation: Cyberbullying and online harassment may involve threats, embarrassment, or humiliation in an online setting, which can cause various forms of harm including physical, emotional, and financial harm.

B) The use of digital technologies

Explanation: Cyberbullying and online harassment are characterized by the use of digital technologies to cause harm to another person, setting it apart from traditional forms of bullying that do not rely on digital platforms.

B) Apple

Explanation: Apple provides 'Screen time' as a feature within its digital wellbeing tools, enabling users to set app limits and block certain applications for better management of screen time.

B) ~15%

Explanation: Research estimates suggest that about 47 million Twitter accounts, which is approximately 15% of the total, are bots. This highlights the significant presence of automated accounts on the platform, contributing to the dissemination of misinformation.

D) 3 hours

Explanation: According to Markowetz, 2015, on average, people spend nearly three hours per day on their smartphones, indicating the significant amount of time dedicated to smartphone usage in daily life.

C) Unplugging from smartphones

Explanation: Unplugging from smartphones has become a popular way to try and reduce some of the negative impacts from smartphone use on health-related outcomes, as highlighted by the increasing trend of digital detoxes.

C) Articulating current and future trends in using digital technology to support mental health and wellbeing

Explanation: The unit learning objectives emphasize the articulation of current and future trends regarding the use of digital technology to support mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the dynamic nature of technology's role in mental health.

D) Problems with productivity, sleep, relationships, and loneliness

Explanation: Individuals with problematic internet use often experience difficulties with productivity, sleep, relationships, and loneliness, which can result from a loss of self-control over internet use and compulsive online behavior, leading to significant distress and life impairment, as highlighted by Young (2017).

A) Creating realistic video and audio clips

Explanation: 'Deep fake' technology is primarily known for its capability to create highly realistic video and audio clips of almost anything and anyone, showcasing the potential of generative AI and machine learning in manipulating visual and auditory content.

C) Yes, there are negative psychological consequences

Explanation: Cyberbullying can lead to negative psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and even suicidal thoughts, highlighting the serious impact it can have on the mental well-being of the victims.

B) ~15%

Explanation: Research estimates suggest that about 47 million Twitter accounts, which is approximately 15% of the total, are bots. This highlights the significant presence of automated accounts on the platform, contributing to the dissemination of misinformation.

B) Social media filtering

Explanation: The real-world example of deliberate 'confirmation bias' highlighted in the text is the filtering and tailoring of content on social media, demonstrating how technology can reinforce existing beliefs and preferences.

C) Mental health

Explanation: The Monash THRIVE initiative is a preventative mental health initiative that specifically focuses on the design and building of digital mental health literacy tools for the Monash community. Its primary emphasis is on promoting mental health and well-being.

C) Digital mental health literacy tools

Explanation: The Monash THRIVE initiative is dedicated to developing digital mental health literacy tools for the Monash community, which includes websites, apps, and other interactive experiences. These tools are designed to promote mental health awareness and well-being.

A) Using the 'Do not disturb' function while studying

Explanation: One of the suggested boundaries to maintain balance with technology is to use the 'Do not disturb' function while studying or while doing other important tasks, emphasizing the importance of minimizing distractions during focused activities.

D) To highlight the negative impacts of excessive smartphone use

Explanation: Smartphone users have been writing/blogging about the need to spend time away from their smartphones to draw attention to the negative impacts of excessive smartphone use on health-related outcomes, contributing to the growing interest in digital detoxes.

D) They enable use almost anytime and anywhere

Explanation: Unlike other electronic devices, smartphones enable the use of various functions almost anytime and anywhere, which has numerous consequences for our daily lives, highlighting their unique accessibility and impact.

D) Only when necessary

Explanation: It is suggested to take breaks from social media only when necessary, emphasizing the importance of evaluating one's digital consumption and taking intentional breaks to maintain a healthy balance with technology.

B) Challenges in discerning whether a source is credible

Explanation: Information overload can be caused by various ways in which people consume information, challenges when discerning whether a source is credible, and the sheer amount of available information, making it difficult to process and prioritize.

C) Using the internet for online information searches

Explanation: Digital technology allows individuals to access information about treatment or diagnosis through online information searches, providing a convenient and efficient way to gather relevant healthcare information.

C) Generative AI

Explanation: 'Deep fake' content creation is primarily enabled by generative AI, which is pushing the boundaries of what can be realistically created and manipulated using machine learning algorithms.

C) It has no clear impact

Explanation: The largest research base indicates that there is no clear impact of television viewing, as highlighted by Foster & Watkins in 2010. This lack of clear impact underscores the complexity of assessing the effects of television on individuals.

B) Watching high-quality content

Explanation: The systematic review of literature suggests that watching high-quality content is associated with higher academic skills and is predictive of future academic performance, as indicated by Kostyrka-Allchorne, Cooper and Simpson in 2017. This highlights the potential positive impact of the content of television on academic development.

B) Setting boundaries and limits on usage

Explanation: Cultivating a healthy relationship with social media may involve setting boundaries and limits on usage, which can help in managing the time spent on these platforms and reducing the potential negative impact on mental health.

C) 3 hours

Explanation: On average, individuals spend around 3 hours with people or on hobbies each day, which is important for social interaction, relaxation, and personal enjoyment.

C) Increases boredom

Explanation: Research suggests that abstinence periods of 7 days from digital devices can lead to higher levels of boredom, indicating a negative impact on boredom as a result of digital detoxing.

A) Applying concepts, theories, and models to produce digital intervention recommendations for mental health and wellbeing

Explanation: The ultimate goal of the unit learning objectives is to apply concepts, theories, and models learned in the unit, including ethical standards, to produce digital intervention recommendations to support the mental health and wellbeing of diverse populations, emphasizing the practical application of knowledge in digital interventions for mental health.

C) Yes, they should be supported through education and counseling

Explanation: Perpetrators of cyberbullying should be supported through education and counseling to address the underlying issues that lead to their harmful behavior, and to prevent further instances of cyberbullying.

B) Establishing clear guidelines and rules

Explanation: Establishing clear guidelines and rules is a recommended strategy for cultivating positive online communities as it ensures that the community knows what to expect and the consequences for prohibited behavior, thereby promoting a healthy and respectful online environment.

E) Remote healthcare delivery using digital technology

Explanation: Telehealth refers to the remote delivery of healthcare services using digital technology, enabling patients to access medical care and consultations from a distance, thereby increasing healthcare accessibility and convenience.

D) Content and context

Explanation: The text highlights that both content and context are important in the context of television viewing, indicating that the nature of the content and the surrounding circumstances play crucial roles in shaping the impact of television on individuals.

A) A period of time when a person voluntarily refrains from using digital devices

Explanation: A 'digital detox' refers to a voluntary period of refraining from using digital devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media platforms, as a means to reduce the negative impacts of excessive digital use on health-related outcomes.

C) Social media and self-comparison

Explanation: The challenge related to comparing oneself with others on social media platforms is specifically mentioned as 'Social media and self-comparison' in the lecture overview, highlighting the negative impact of such comparisons on mental well-being.

D) By providing insights and app limits

Explanation: Digital wellbeing tools offer users insights into their app usage and the ability to set app limits, thereby empowering them to manage and control their interaction with apps for a more balanced digital experience.

E) Eating while browsing the internet

Explanation: It is advised to avoid eating while browsing the internet, highlighting the importance of mindful and focused internet usage without engaging in other activities that may lead to distraction or overconsumption.

C) They have a proactive attitude towards addressing cyberbullying

Explanation: Victims of cyberbullying often exhibit a proactive attitude towards addressing cyberbullying, seeking solutions and support to mitigate the impact of online harassment and abuse.

A) Digital detox

Explanation: Digital detox involves being conscious and attentive to one's digital usage, highlighting the importance of taking breaks from digital devices to promote overall wellbeing.

D) By encouraging active participation

Explanation: Positive online communities can be fostered by encouraging active participation, which helps in creating a sense of belonging and engagement among community members, contributing to a positive and vibrant online environment.

C) Positive relationship between moderate online communication and the quality of friendship and social capital

Explanation: The 'Goldilocks Hypothesis' suggests that moderate online communication has a positive relationship with the quality of friendship and social capital, indicating that a balanced approach to screen use can stimulate social relationships.

C) 8 hours

Explanation: The average time spent on working or studying per day is approximately 8 hours, reflecting the typical duration of a full-time job or academic study.

C) Critically analyzing strengths and shortfalls of digital technologies

Explanation: Unit Learning Outcome 3 is centered on critically and systematically analyzing the strengths and shortfalls of specific digital technologies in relation to mental health and wellbeing, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation of digital technologies in this context.

A) Use technology to communicate knowledge

Explanation: Unit Learning Outcome 4 encourages students to use technology to communicate knowledge about the influence of specific digital technologies on mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the importance of effective communication in this context.

E) Critically evaluating information shared on social media

Explanation: Critically evaluating information shared on social media is crucial for discerning the accuracy and reliability of content, which is essential for digital media literacy and navigating the online landscape effectively.

B) Better balance with their phone

Explanation: Digital wellbeing tools can assist users in finding a better equilibrium with their phone usage, promoting a healthier relationship with digital devices and applications.

B) 1 hour

Explanation: The average time spent on traveling per day is around 1 hour, which includes commuting to work, school, or other destinations.

B) Current and future trends in digital technology

Explanation: Unit Learning Outcome 2 seeks to articulate current and future trends regarding the use of digital technology to support mental health and wellbeing in diverse populations and environments, highlighting the importance of understanding the evolving landscape of digital technology in this context.

C) Prioritising sleep

Explanation: Prioritising sleep involves consciously choosing to focus on rest and sleep, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy sleep routine as part of digital wellbeing practices.

C) Cyberchondria

Explanation: The challenge associated with excessive health-related internet searches is termed as 'Cyberchondria', reflecting the negative impact of online health information seeking on individuals' mental health and well-being.

D) To list daily interactions with digital devices, apps, software, and platforms

Explanation: The 'Digital Technology Inventory' is intended to comprehensively list the devices, apps, software, and platforms individuals interact with on a daily basis, encompassing both personal and educational technologies, highlighting the comprehensive nature of the inventory.

D) Blurring of boundaries between work/study and home life

Explanation: The integration of work/study and home life due to technology leads to a blurring of boundaries between these aspects, as mentioned by Boswell & Olson-Buchanan, 2007; Orlikowski & Scott, 2008; Park & Jex, 2011, highlighting the potential negative impact of technology integration on work-life balance.

D) Increased working hours and obligation to feel that one should be working at all times

Explanation: The increased work flexibility afforded by workplace technology leads to increased working hours and an increasing obligation to feel that one should be working at all times, as indicated in the text, highlighting the potential downside of technological advancements in the workplace.

D) September

Explanation: The App developed by the Monash THRIVE initiative is set to launch in September, providing a digital platform for promoting mental health literacy and well-being within the Monash community.

B) To spread political misinformation

Explanation: Some of these bots are used to spread political misinformation, especially during election campaigns, demonstrating the deliberate use of automated accounts to influence public discourse and opinion.

C) Selective sharing to foster a more authentic online presence

Explanation: Selective sharing to foster a more authentic online presence is a strategy that involves sharing content thoughtfully and purposefully, contributing to a genuine representation of oneself on social media.

A) To communicate knowledge about the influence of specific digital technologies on mental health and wellbeing

Explanation: The unit learning objectives emphasize the use of technology to communicate knowledge about the influence of specific digital technologies on mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the role of technology in disseminating information about mental health.

B) Digital literacy

Explanation: Digital literacy emphasizes the importance of understanding and navigating digital platforms effectively, highlighting the significance of acquiring the necessary skills to engage with digital technology in a knowledgeable and informed manner.

C) By encouraging a balance between virtual interactions and face-to-face interactions

Explanation: Mindful technology consumption positively impacts wellbeing by encouraging a balance between virtual interactions and face-to-face interactions, as it reminds individuals to prioritize spending quality time with loved ones and engaging in activities that promote genuine human connections, as mentioned in the text.

D) Google

Explanation: More information about the Monash THRIVE initiative, including its websites and the upcoming App launch in September, can be found by searching 'monash thrive' on Google. This search will provide access to relevant websites and resources.

C) Information overload and digital distractions

Explanation: The challenge linked to the overwhelming amount of digital information and distractions is specifically mentioned as 'Information overload and digital distractions' in the lecture overview, emphasizing the impact of excessive digital content on individuals' attention and focus.

D) Accomplishing the most important tasks first

Explanation: It is recommended to accomplish the most important tasks first before allowing oneself to scan social media or other time wasters, highlighting the prioritization of important activities over potentially distracting digital content.

B) Only at certain times each day

Explanation: According to the suggested boundary, one should check email only at certain times each day, emphasizing the importance of setting specific periods for engaging with digital communication to avoid constant interruptions.

B) Identifying the strengths and shortfalls of specific digital technologies in relation to mental health and wellbeing

Explanation: The unit learning objectives require the critical and systematic analysis of the strengths and shortfalls of specific digital technologies in relation to mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of technology's impact on mental health.

B) By unfollowing accounts that make you feel negative

Explanation: Filtering the content you are exposed to on social media by unfollowing accounts that make you feel negative can contribute to fostering a healthier and more positive online experience, as it reduces exposure to potentially harmful content.

D) They have mixed findings on wellbeing

Explanation: A recent review found mixed findings for the benefits of digital detoxes, with some studies indicating positive effects on wellbeing, while others found no effect or even negative effects, highlighting the complexity of the impact of digital detoxes on individuals' wellbeing.

C) No impact

Explanation: Digital detoxing has been found to have no effect on cognitive or physical performance, sleep quality, or mood, as indicated by multiple studies, emphasizing the lack of influence on these areas.

E) By balancing online connections with offline relationships

Explanation: Balancing online connections with offline relationships is important for a healthier social media experience, as it allows for a more well-rounded and fulfilling social life that is not solely dependent on online interactions.

C) Identifying different types of digital technologies impacting mental health and wellbeing

Explanation: The unit learning objectives specifically focus on identifying the different types of digital technologies that have the potential to impact mental health and wellbeing, emphasizing the intersection of technology and mental health.