radcon

A non-gas-forming laxative.

30% to 50% weight/volume.

Erosion of the stomach or duodenal mucosa due to various physiological or environmental conditions.

The same as for patients who have not undergone surgery; NPO prior to examination is sufficient.

About 50 cc.

Concentrating at the anastomosis portion of the point of suture.

The huge right atrium casting a triangular density behind the esophagus.

Mark the intersection of the transpyloric plane and scapular spine, then measure 4 inches to the left.

A condition where the body cannot absorb nutrients properly.

Horizontal or perpendicular.

To capture a radiograph during the examination under fluoroscopic control.

AP, PA, LAO, RAO, or lateral during the filling phase.

Filling phase with continuous barium swallow, using fluoroscopic guidance.

Upright position.

Cardiomegaly - Enlargement of the heart.

Xyphoid process.

Allow the patient to ingest the barium mixture before positioning.

Trendelenburg Position and Touch Toe Position.

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.

Radiographic examination of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

To apply greater intra-abdominal pressure for consistent results in radiographic demonstration of small sliding gastroesophageal hernias.

The patient takes a deep breath while holding it in, forcing air against the closed glottis.

40-50 degrees RAO position.

Instruct the patient to sip the barium mixture using two straws.

Projected 35-45 degrees cranially (cephalad).

Advise the patient to wait for the radiologist to confirm the radiographs.

A mass of undigested material trapped in the stomach, often made of hair or vegetable fibers.

Starve the patient for 2 to 3 hours before the examination.

To show duodenal anatomy without interference from peristaltic activity.

Single Meal Method.

Directed at an angle of 20-25 degrees cranially (cephalad).

Upright PA or oblique.

AP Recumbent.

1. Mucosal Phase - demonstrates mucosal patterns with a barium preparation of 4:1. 2. Filling Phase - distends the lumen with a barium preparation of 2:1 or 3:1.

RPO and LAO upright.

A milk barium mixture of 4 parts milk to 1 part barium.

To help expand the stomach and improve visualization.

Turn from side to side or roll over a few times.

Approximately 1 foot (12 inches).

Inflammation of the small intestine.

Soft, low-residue diet for 2 days.

The patient exhales and then tries to inhale against the closed glottis.

To ensure filling of the GI tract.

Duodenal Ulcer and Gastric Ulcer.

Instruct the patient to drink the rest of the barium mixture.

Size, shape, and position of the stomach.

Giving the patient a mouthful of barium paste and having them swallow on the count of three, or instructing them to sip the barium mixture using a straw.

It enhances the visibility of structures in the stomach.

A congenital defect in the small intestine that appears as a bulge or outpouching in the inner wall.

AP, Oblique, and Lateral using fast exposure.

A common radiographic procedure for examining the pharynx and esophagus using a radiopaque contrast medium.

Ask the patient to swallow a barium mixture while in RPO upright position.

Suspend respiration.

NPO for 4 hours.

A procedure where the jejunum is connected to the stomach after removing the duodenum and a portion of the distal stomach.

Trendelenburg Position, where the head is lower than the feet.

72 inches.

A condition where a portion of the stomach herniates through the diaphragmatic opening.

Inflammation of the lining or mucosa of the stomach.

Belching or burping.

To delineate the organs of the abdomen and detect any calcifications or tumor masses.

Light evening meal, laxatives before bedtime, and NPO on the day of the examination.

Intestinal blockage in the absence of a physical obstruction, often due to foreign bodies.

Water-soluble iodinated contrast media, with caution for allergic reactions.

It minimizes the magnification of the heart.

A surgical procedure where the pathologic portion of the stomach is removed.

The patient pinches off the nose, closes the mouth, and tries to blow the nose, expanding the cheeks outward.

NPO for 6 hours.

A condition involving abnormal constriction of the lower portion of the esophagus.

It considerably reduces the length of time of the examination.

Trace the shadow of the stomach from the fundus down to the pylorus.

By giving the patient gas-producing tablets like 'GASTROLUFT'.

Inform the patient about how long the procedure is going to take.

Adynamic/Paralytic Ileus and Mechanical Ileus.

The projection that shows the antral portion of the stomach, pyloric canal, and duodenal bulb.

The right angle view of the stomach and the retrogastric space, as well as pancreatic pathologies.

The patient is placed in a prone position on the radiographic table.

To demonstrate the entire length of the esophagus free from superimposition with adjacent structures.

The patient is placed in a supine position and elevated approximately 45 degrees.

The barium-filled esophagus pushed by the poststenotic dilation of the descending aorta.

To minimize the unpalatable taste for the patient.

By feeding bottle or by pressure or gravity method via catheter inserted through the nose.

Presurgical patients, patients with perforated hollow viscus, and possible large bowel obstruction.

2-3 hours.

To demonstrate a leaf-like pattern of the pylorus and the duodenal bulb.

8-9 hours.

A procedure where only half of the stomach is removed.

It uses a specially constructed 34-degree angle board to place the patient in a Trendelenburg position.

Patient is placed in PA position, centered to the midline of the table with RP at T6.

Small lesions are less easily obscured and the mucosal lining can be more clearly visualized.

Approximately 21 feet (252 inches).

Use cotton balls soaked with barium mixture and allow the patient to swallow it.

A 2:1 (60 to 66%) or 3:1 (70 to 80%) barium mixture.

It prevents retrograde flow from the ileum to the cecum of the colon.

Superimposition between the filling of the small intestine and the stomach.

600-1,200 ml of barium sulfate.

The patient is positioned supine after ingesting contrast media, with two exposures taken: one horizontal and one vertical.

4 inches to the left of the pylorus, centered to the midline of the table.

Ulcer, Hiatal Hernia, Acute or Chronic Gastritis, Tumor, carcinoma, Diverticulae, Bezoars.

In the second or third aspect of the duodenum.

A barium-filled esophagus and the level of aortic coarctation.

It ensures that the barium mixture is properly positioned for imaging.

Lateral position.

Both single-contrast and double-contrast examinations performed on the same day.

To avoid abdominal pressure and prevent overlapping of intestinal loops.

24 hours.

Empty.

It involves a semi-cylindrical compression device to increase intra-abdominal pressure and ensure adequate contrast filling of the esophagus.

It is a collapsible fibromuscular tube, posterior to the trachea and heart, beginning at C6 and connecting to the stomach around T10, approximately 9.7 inches (25 cm) long.

A surgical procedure where the whole stomach is removed.

It is more hazardous.

Upright position.

A plane drawn transversely midway between the manubrial notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis.

Milk barium mixture, 4 parts water milk and 1 part barium.

A small intestine study consisting of radiographs obtained at frequent intervals.

Overhead or Conventional Method.

To increase both intra thoracic and intra abdominal pressure.

Using AP or PA for lateral displacement and lateral for anterior or posterior displacement.

Obstruction, possibly due to foreign bodies or pathology.

To study heart size and configuration.

A clinical indication for esophagography characterized by difficulty in swallowing.

Both positive and negative contrast media.

The patient is placed in a prone position with specific adjustments to the body and central ray.

An abnormal protrusion of an organ through an aperture, where part of the fundus enters the esophagus or forces the diaphragm above.

By explaining the taste of the barium mixture, its importance, and how to drink it, using a well-modulated voice and clear instructions.

Supine position.

In the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen.

Fluoroscopic and serial radiographic studies using ingested contrast material.

Contraction waves that propel contents through the digestive tube towards the anus.

The patient is placed in the left lateral position, either recumbent or erect.

The Valsalva Maneuver.

To ensure a clean colon.

Exposure is taken after contrast media has passed through the gastroesophageal junction, and the patient should ingest the barium mixture first.

During the Muller/Valsalva Maneuver.

The relationship of the stomach to the diaphragm.

4 inches.

Glucagon or other anti-cholinergic medications.

An imaginary line passing at the level of the elbow joint and the right mammary line.

To study the form, function, anatomy, and physiology of the small bowel and detect any abnormal conditions.

Obstruction caused by another pathological condition, such as tumors or masses.

Left lateral recumbent position.

To compress abdominal contents for better radiographic quality and visibility of bowel loops.

The stomach.

To study the form and function of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, as well as to detect abnormal and functional conditions.

It communicates with the duodenum.

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus.

Upright position causes the stomach to go down, supine position causes the stomach to go up, prone position causes slight downward movement, right lateral recumbent position causes the stomach to swing forward, and left lateral upright position causes the body of the stomach to swing backward.

At the level of the seventh left costal cartilage, about 1 inch from the side of the sternum.

In the left upper quadrant (LUQ) below the diaphragm.