Where can the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes be palpated?
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Surgical neck of humerus.
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Where can the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes be palpated?
Surgical neck of humerus.
How can untreated infections spread from the midpalmar space?
They may spread proximally through the carpal tunnel into the forearm, anterior to the pronator quadratus and its fascia.
How does breast cancer spread through the lymphatic system?
By metastasizing from axillary lymph nodes through the subclavian vein into systemic circulation.
What is the significance of the carpal tunnel in the spread of hand infections?
It serves as a pathway for infections to spread proximally into the forearm.
What factors can cause enlargement of axillary lymph nodes?
Injury, infection, and cancers.
Where can the posterior group of axillary lymph nodes be palpated?
Surface of subscapularis.
What do the subscapular nodes drain?
The scapular region and back.
Why do swellings from hand infections appear more on the dorsum of the hand?
Because the palmar fascia is thick and strong, while the fascia on the dorsum is relatively thin.
What is the drainage area of the humeral nodes?
The upper limb.
What do the pectoral nodes drain?
The pectoral region and chest wall.
Where can the anterior group of axillary lymph nodes be palpated?
Undersurface of pectoralis major.
What percentage of breast lymph drains into the axillary lymph nodes?
~75%.
In which fascial compartments can pus accumulate during hand infections?
In the thenar and midpalmar spaces.
Where do the axillary lymph nodes drain into?
The central nodes and then into the apical nodes, eventually draining into the subclavian vein.
What other nodes can breast lymph drain into besides axillary nodes?
Parasternal nodes and other minor lymph nodes.
