Gerard Hap The Tissue Level of Organization

The process by which epithelial cells become filled with keratin, forming a protective outer layer in the skin.

Provide elasticity and resilience, allowing tissues to return to their original shape after stretching.

Facilitates diffusion and filtration; found in alveoli and blood vessels.

Exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to external surfaces; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

The process by which damaged tissue is replaced with new cells; involves inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis.

The skin, providing a protective barrier and regulating temperature.

Loose connective, dense connective, adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood.

Chemical messengers released by neurons to transmit signals to other neurons or target cells.

Rigid connective tissue that provides structure, support, and protection; stores minerals and houses blood cells.

The use of cells, engineering, and materials methods to improve or replace biological tissues.

Immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris in tissues.

The free surface of epithelial cells that faces the lumen or external environment.

Contains a high concentration of collagen fibers, providing strength; found in tendons and ligaments.

A flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning; found in joints and respiratory tract.

Line body cavities that open to the exterior, producing mucus for protection and lubrication.

A protective response to injury involving increased blood flow, immune response, and swelling to facilitate healing.

Voluntary striated muscle attached to bones, responsible for movement.

A thin layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

Composed of neurons and neuroglia; responsible for transmitting electrical signals and supporting nerve functions.

Support, nourish, and protect neurons; assist in maintaining homeostasis.

A diverse group of tissues that support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.

Striated (skeletal and cardiac) and smooth muscle tissue.

Involuntary striated muscle that makes up the heart, responsible for pumping blood.

Involuntary non-striated muscle found in walls of hollow organs, responsible for involuntary movements.

Cube-shaped cells that specialize in secretion and absorption; found in glands and kidney tubules.

Involved in absorption and secretion; often ciliated in respiratory tract.

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.

Simple (single layer) and stratified (multiple layers).

The primary signaling cells of the nervous system that transmit information through electrical impulses.

Cells found in cartilage that maintain the cartilage matrix.

Avascular, tightly packed cells, polarity, and a basement membrane.

Loose connective tissue has a more flexible structure with fewer fibers, while dense connective tissue has closely packed fibers for strength.

A connective tissue that transports nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

A type of connective tissue that stores fat for energy and insulation.

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.

Line closed body cavities and secrete serous fluid to reduce friction between organs.

Cells that produce collagen and extracellular matrix components for tissue repair and maintenance.

Specialized for stretching; found in the urinary bladder.

Stem cells differentiate into specific cell types needed for tissue regeneration.

Cells, extracellular matrix, and fibers (collagen, elastin).

Provides support, elasticity, and houses blood vessels and nerves.

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

Provides structural support and influences cell behavior, differentiation, and communication.

Line body cavities and cover organs; include mucous, serous, and cutaneous membranes.

The formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in response to injury, leading to scarring.

Helps move substances (like mucus) across the surface of the tissue.

Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells.