What should be used to deliver bronchodilator drugs effectively into the lungs?
Click to see answer
A spacer.
Click to see question
What should be used to deliver bronchodilator drugs effectively into the lungs?
A spacer.
What should be done if a child vomits after taking Artemether-Lumefantrine?
Repeat the dose if vomiting occurs within an hour.
What should be given if the child cannot breastfeed but can swallow?
Give expressed breast milk or a breast-milk substitute.
What is the dosage of Iron tablet for a child aged 12 months to 3 years weighing between 10 and 14 kg?
1/2 tablet.
What to do if no nasogastric tube is available?
Give 1 teaspoon of sugar moistened with 1-2 drops of water sublingually and repeat every 20 minutes.
What should be noted about giving Iron to children with severe acute malnutrition?
They should not be given Iron if receiving ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF).
What is the routine worm treatment for children?
Mebendazole every 6 months from the age of one year.
What should be given if neither breast milk nor a substitute is available?
Give sugar water.
What should be done if the child is not able to swallow?
Give 50 ml of milk or sugar water by nasogastric tube.
What is the dosage of Iron syrup for a child aged 3 to 5 years weighing between 14 and 19 kg?
2.5 ml (1/2 tsp.).
What should you ask the mother during the assessment?
What the child's problems are.
What is the dosage of Iron syrup for a child aged 2 to 4 months weighing less than 6 kg?
1.00 ml (< 1/4 tsp.).
What is the main focus of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness course?
To provide distance learning on child health management.
How should Artemether-Lumefantrine be taken?
With food.
What is the dosing schedule for Artemether-Lumefantrine for a child weighing 5-<10 kg?
1 tablet twice daily for 3 days.
How often should Paracetamol be given until high fever or ear pain is gone?
Every 6 hours.
What are the four stages of HIV infection according to WHO?
Stage 1: Asymptomatic, Stage 2: Mild Disease, Stage 3: Moderate Disease, Stage 4: Severe Disease (AIDS).
What indicates a confirmed HIV infection in a child?
Positive virological test or positive serological test in a child 18 months or older.
What is the recommended zinc dosage for a child aged 6 months or more?
1 tablet daily for 14 days.
What should be done if a child vomits after taking ORS?
Wait 10 minutes, then continue more slowly.
What is the dosage of Cotrimoxazole for a child less than 6 months?
2.5 ml of syrup once a day.
What should be done if the child is able to breastfeed?
Ask the mother to breastfeed the child.
What is the appropriate dose of Vitamin A for a child aged 6 up to 12 months?
100,000 IU.
What are the general danger signs in sick children?
Signs include difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, and high fever.
What is covered in Module 1 of the course?
General danger signs for the sick child.
What is a key management strategy for respiratory infections in children?
Providing appropriate antibiotics when necessary.
What action should be taken if the mother and child are not on ARV prophylaxis?
Test the mother and child.
What characterizes Stage 1 of HIV infection?
No symptoms, or only persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL).
What follow-up is recommended after diagnosing anaemia?
Follow-up in 14 days.
What is the dose of Mebendazole for children aged 1 year and older?
500 mg as a single dose.
What should be done for a child who is HIV exposed?
Give cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and start or continue ARV prophylaxis.
What does the course include for tracking progress?
A logbook.
What should you ask to determine if a child has an ear problem?
Is there ear pain? Is there ear discharge?
What should be done if a child has no dehydration?
Give fluid, zinc supplements, and food to treat diarrhea at home (Plan A).
What indicates severe acute malnutrition in terms of WFH/L and MUAC?
WFH/L less than -3 z-scores or MUAC less than 115 mm.
What treatment should be given for severe malaria?
First dose of artesunate or quinine.
What is the dosage of Iron syrup for a child aged 4 to 12 months weighing between 6 and 10 kg?
1.25 ml (1/4 tsp.).
What is the purpose of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)?
To improve the health and survival of children under five years of age.
What is the first step in checking for anaemia?
Look for palmar pallor.
What should be done if the mother is HIV positive and the child's status is negative or unknown?
Ask if the child was breastfeeding at the time or 6 weeks before the test.
What topic does Module 4 focus on?
Diarrhoea.
What health issue is addressed in Module 6?
Malnutrition and anaemia.
What symptoms are associated with Stage 2 of HIV infection?
Mild disease symptoms such as enlarged liver/spleen and skin conditions.
What indicates some dehydration in a child?
Restless, irritable, sunken eyes, drinks eagerly, thirsty, skin pinch goes back slowly.
What is the treatment for some dehydration?
Give fluid, zinc supplements, and food (Plan B).
What is a key symptom that requires referral for diagnosis in HIV-infected children?
Conditions like severe acute malnutrition not responding to standard therapy.
What should be used to treat eye infections?
Tetracycline eye ointment.
What do virological tests detect?
The presence of the HIV virus or its products in the blood.
When can positive virological tests reliably detect HIV infection?
At any age, even before the child is 18 months old.
What should be given for dysentery?
Ciprofloxacin for 3 days.
What is the duration for giving Iron to children at home?
One dose daily for 14 days.
How much milk or sugar water should be given before departure?
30 - 50 ml.
What is the appropriate dose of Vitamin A for a child one year and older?
200,000 IU.
What vaccines are given at birth according to the immunization schedule?
BCG, OPV-0, Hep B0.
Which module addresses cough or difficult breathing?
Module 3.
How do you determine if it's an initial or follow-up visit?
By checking if this is a follow-up visit for the problem.
What action should be taken if some palmar pallor is observed?
Give iron and mebendazole if the child is 1 year or older.
What should be done if a child has had a dose of Vitamin A within the past month?
Do not give Vitamin A.
What is the purpose of teaching the mother about treatment?
To ensure she understands the treatment and its importance.
What are the signs to look for in a child with fever?
Stiff neck, runny nose, signs of measles, and any bacterial cause of fever.
What do serological tests detect?
Antibodies made by immune cells in response to HIV.
What is the first step in checking for acute malnutrition?
Look for signs of acute malnutrition and check for oedema of both feet.
What measurements are used to assess acute malnutrition in children 6 months or older?
Measure WFH/L z-score and MUAC in mm.
What indicates a very severe febrile disease?
Any general danger sign or stiff neck.
What should be done if a child with severe acute malnutrition has no medical complications?
Offer Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) to eat.
What should not be given to a child with severe acute malnutrition receiving RUTF?
Do not give iron.
What is the classification for a child with measles now or within the last 3 months?
Look for mouth ulcers and assess for complications.
How should the appropriate drugs and dosages be determined?
Based on the child's age or weight.
What should the mother do after feeding if the child has thrush?
Wash breasts after feeds.
Why is Vitamin A given to children?
To prevent deficiencies and support immune function.
How many modules are included in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness course?
15 booklets including various modules.
How often should Vitamin A be given to all children after the first dose?
Every six months.
What is the purpose of WHO Pediatric Staging for HIV Infection?
To monitor children and determine clinical response to ART treatment.
What should be done if severe anaemia is detected?
Refer urgently to hospital.
How much ORS should be given to a child under 2 years after each loose stool?
50 to 100 ml.
What vaccines are administered at 6 weeks?
DPT+HIB-1, OPV-1, Hep B1, RTV1, PCV1.
What is the follow-up action if fever persists for more than 7 days?
Refer for assessment.
What additional guide is provided for pediatric HIV?
Supplementary facilitator guide.
What home care instructions should be given to parents of sick children?
Encourage fluid intake and monitor for worsening symptoms.
What is the age for the first dose of the measles vaccine?
9 months.
What should be recorded on the child's chart?
The dose of Vitamin A and mebendazole given.
What are some conditions that require a doctor's diagnosis in HIV-infected children?
Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and severe multiple bacterial infections.
What should be assessed for if severe anaemia is suspected?
Assess for sickle cell anaemia if common in your area.
What classification is given to a child with complicated severe acute malnutrition?
Pink: COMPLICATED SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION.
What is the management for a child with a positive test who is not breastfeeding?
Manage as if they could be infected and repeat the test at 18 months.
What is the first-line antibiotic for pneumonia and acute ear infection?
Oral Amoxicillin.
What is the increased dose of Ampicillin for suspected meningitis?
The dose can be increased 4 times.
What is the dosage of Diazepam for a child weighing 5-7 kg?
0.5 ml of Diazepam (10mg/2ml).
Why should no child under 5 years be given an inhaler without a spacer?
To ensure effective delivery of the medication.
What should be done if the child is not enrolled in HIV care?
Check for HIV infection using the provided chart.
What age range does the assessment and classification of sick children cover?
From 2 months up to 5 years.
How do you make sugar water?
Dissolve 4 level teaspoons of sugar (20 grams) in a 200-ml cup of clean water.
What is the dosage of Paracetamol for a child aged 2 months up to 3 years?
1 tablet (100 mg) or 1/4 tablet (500 mg).
What should be done if a spacer is being used for the first time?
It should be primed by 4-5 extra puffs from the inhaler.
What is the importance of HIV testing in children?
To identify and manage HIV-positive children early.
What are some symptoms of Stage 3 HIV infection?
Recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary TB, and chronic HIV-associated lung diseases.
What defines Stage 4 of HIV infection?
Severe disease (AIDS) with conditions like cryptococcal meningitis and HIV encephalopathy.
What should always be recorded after giving Vitamin A?
The dose of Vitamin A given on the child's card.
What is persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL)?
A symptom characterized by swollen lymph nodes without other symptoms.
What is the immediate treatment for mastoiditis?
Give the first dose of an appropriate antibiotic and paracetamol for pain, then refer urgently to the hospital.
What equipment should be used for injections?
Use a sterile needle and sterile syringe.
What actions should be taken for a child classified as having uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition?
Give oral antibiotics for 5 days and RUTF, and counsel the mother on feeding.
What should be done if there are deep and extensive mouth ulcers?
Refer urgently to the hospital.
What should be done for a breastfeeding child with a positive HIV test?
Manage as if they could be infected and repeat the test once breastfeeding has been discontinued for more than 6 weeks.
What does it mean if there is no ear pain and no pus seen draining from the ear?
There is no ear infection.
What should be counted to assess the child's breathing?
Count the breaths in one minute.
What is the maximum duration for quinine injections?
Do not continue quinine injections for more than 1 week.
What is the follow-up recommendation if there are no signs of pneumonia or very severe disease?
Follow-up in 5 days if not improving.
What is the focus of the March 2014 Chart Booklet?
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness.
How can a spacer be made at home?
By using a 500ml drink bottle, cutting a hole for the inhaler, and modifying it to fit the child's nose.
What should be checked regarding a child's health during an assessment?
The child's immunization, vitamin A, and deworming status.
What should be assessed in a child with diarrhea?
The level of dehydration.
What indicates severe anaemia when checking for palmar pallor?
Severe palmar pallor.
What should you ask to determine if a child has diarrhea?
Does the child have diarrhea? If yes, ask about the duration and if there is blood in the stool.
When should an extra dose of Vitamin A be given?
If the child has measles or persistent diarrhea.
What should the mother be taught to treat at home?
Local infections.
What should be initiated upon confirming HIV infection?
Initiate ART treatment and HIV care.
What should be done if the child is convulsing now?
Give diazepam immediately.
What should be assessed if the child is less than 2 years old and shows no palmar pallor?
Assess the child's feeding and counsel the mother.
What should be done if there is a feeding problem in a child under 2 years?
Follow-up in 5 days.
What should be done to prevent low blood sugar in a sick child?
Treat to prevent low blood sugar.
What should be explained to the mother regarding the drug administration?
Explain why the drug is given to the child.
How often should quinolone eardrops be instilled?
Three times daily for two weeks.
What should be done for mouth ulcers?
Wash the mouth and apply half-strength gentian violet twice daily.
How should the dose be measured?
Measure the dose accurately.
What should be given for pain relief?
Paracetamol.
What antibiotic is recommended for prophylaxis in HIV confirmed or exposed children?
Oral Cotrimoxazole.
What action should be taken if wheezing is present with fast breathing or chest indrawing?
Give a trial of rapid acting inhaled bronchodilator for up to three times, 15-20 minutes apart.
What questions should be asked regarding HIV testing?
Has the mother or child had an HIV test?
What is the first rule of home treatment for diarrhea?
Give extra fluid.
When should Vitamin A supplementation start for children?
At 6 months of age, given every six months.
What is the recommended treatment for fever in children?
Administering antipyretics and ensuring adequate hydration.
What should be checked for during the assessment?
General danger signs.
What should be done if a child shows signs of severe dehydration?
Give fluid for severe dehydration (Plan C) or refer urgently to the hospital while giving frequent sips of ORS.
What does no palmar pallor indicate?
No anaemia.
How often should the mother perform the eye infection treatment?
4 times daily.
What does a negative HIV test in the mother or child indicate?
HIV infection is unlikely.
What is the ISBN of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness publication?
978 92 4 150682 3.
What indicates mastoiditis in a child?
Tender swelling behind the ear and pink coloration.
What should be given to infants under 6 months who are not breastfed during ORS treatment?
100-200 ml of clean water.
What should be done if a child under 18 months has a negative PCR test but has been breastfeeding?
This does not rule out infection; the child may have just become infected.
What advice should be given for persistent diarrhea?
Advise on feeding, give multivitamins and minerals (including zinc) for 14 days, and follow-up in 5 days.
What does a yellow classification indicate in terms of nutritional status?
UNCOMPLICATED SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION.
What should be explained to the mother before giving the drug?
The reason for giving the drug to the child.
What is the treatment for a chronic ear infection?
Dry the ear by wicking and treat with topical quinolone eardrops for 14 days.
What is the dosage of Gentamicin for children?
7.5 mg/kg/day once daily.
What should be done if more than one drug is prescribed?
Collect, count, and package each drug separately.
What should be given in addition to breastfeeding for a child who is exclusively breastfed?
ORS or clean water.
What are the signs of severe dehydration in a child?
Lethargic or unconscious, sunken eyes, not able to drink or drinking poorly, skin pinch goes back very slowly.
What should be assessed first if a child has a fever?
Decide Malaria Risk: high or low.
What is the purpose of the facilitator guide included in the course?
To assist facilitators in delivering the course content.
Who is recommended to undergo HIV testing?
Children with unknown HIV status, especially those born to HIV-positive mothers.
What should be done for children with any general danger sign?
They should be referred after the first dose of an appropriate antibiotic and other urgent treatments.
What should be done after 4 hours of ORS treatment?
Reassess the child and classify for dehydration.
What should be done if a malaria test is positive?
Give the recommended first line oral antimalarial and appropriate antibiotic treatment for any identified bacterial cause of fever.
What is the importance of keeping the child warm?
To prevent hypothermia and support recovery.
How should the dose of medication be determined?
Determine the dose appropriate for the child's weight or age.
What is the first step in treating a child according to the guidelines?
Carry out the treatment steps identified on the Assess and Classify chart.
What is the treatment for an acute ear infection?
Give an antibiotic for 5 days, paracetamol for pain, and dry the ear by wicking.
What does a green classification indicate?
NO ACUTE MALNUTRITION.
What should be done if referral is delayed for Ampicillin?
Repeat the ampicillin injection every 6 hours.
What signs should be looked for during the assessment?
Chest indrawing, stridor, and wheezing.
What is classified as fast breathing for a child aged 12 months to 5 years?
40 breaths per minute or more.
What nutritional assessment should be conducted for malnourished children?
Measuring weight-for-age and height-for-age.
What are some questions to ask during the assessment?
Is the child able to drink or breastfeed? Does the child vomit everything? Has the child had convulsions?
What vaccinations are essential for children?
Routine immunizations against diseases like measles, polio, and hepatitis.
What is the recommended amount of ORS for a child weighing 10-12 kg during the first 4 hours?
800 to 960 ml.
What is the protocol for a child with any general danger sign?
Needs urgent attention; complete the assessment and any pre-referral treatment immediately.
What should be done if the virological test is negative?
Repeat the test 6 weeks after breastfeeding has stopped.
What is the method for clearing the ear?
Dry wicking with a clean absorbent cloth or tissue paper.
What is classified as severe persistent diarrhea?
Diarrhea lasting 14 days or more with dehydration present.
What indicates an acute ear infection?
Pus draining from the ear for less than 14 days or ear pain.
What should be taught to the mother regarding oral drugs?
Teach the mother to give oral drugs at home.
What indicates a chronic ear infection?
Pus draining from the ear for 14 days or more.
How should Ampicillin be prepared for injection?
Dilute a 500mg vial with 2.1ml of sterile water.
What should you ask to determine if a child has respiratory issues?
Does the child have cough or difficult breathing?
What must be explained to the mother regarding the course of treatment?
All oral drug tablets or syrups must be used to finish the course of treatment, even if the child gets better.
What should be done if coughing persists for more than 14 days?
Refer for possible TB or asthma assessment.
Under what conditions should Mebendazole be given?
If hookworm/whipworm are a problem, the child is 1 year or older, and has not had a dose in the previous 6 months.
What is the first step in treating an eye infection?
Clean both eyes with a clean cloth and water.
Why is a positive serological test in children under 18 months not reliable?
Because HIV antibodies from the mother may still be present.
What is the fourth rule of home treatment for diarrhea?
When to return.
What is the recommendation for HIV-positive children regarding vaccination?
They should not be vaccinated if they have symptoms consistent with HIV.
What does a positive HIV antibody test result mean for children 18 months or older?
It means the child is infected.
What is the treatment for thrush?
Nystatin, instilled 1ml four times a day for 7 days.
What is the classification for a child with moderate acute malnutrition?
Yellow: MODERATE ACUTE MALNUTRITION.
What antibiotics should be given to children being referred urgently?
Give Ampicillin (50 mg/kg) and Gentamicin (7.5 mg/kg).
What is the first-line antibiotic for dysentery?
Oral Ciprofloxacine.
What is the first step if a child has cough or difficult breathing?
Look, listen, feel and ask for how long.
What should be done if a child has measles with eye or mouth complications?
Give Vitamin A treatment and treat eye infection with tetracycline eye ointment if pus is draining from the eye.
What is the dosage of Amoxicillin for a child aged 12 months to 3 years?
2 tablets or 10 ml of syrup, given two times daily for 5 days.
What should be done to stop convulsions in a child?
Give Diazepam and turn the child to their side.
What should be done if convulsions do not stop after 10 minutes?
Repeat the Diazepam dose.
What should be ensured about the child during the assessment?
The child must be calm.
What treatment should be given for pneumonia classified as yellow?
Give oral Amoxicillin for 5 days.
How long should gentian violet be used after mouth ulcers have healed?
For 48 hours after the ulcers have been cured.
What should be done for HIV exposed children less than 18 months if PCR tests are not available?
Use the HIV antibody test; a positive result indicates exposure but not necessarily infection.
What type of injection should be given for the medication?
Give the drug as an intramuscular injection.
What should be done if the child cannot be referred?
Follow the provided instructions for treatment.
What is the purpose of MUAC in assessing malnutrition?
To measure Mid-Upper Arm Circumference in children 6 months or older.
What is the dosage of Ciprofloxacine for a child less than 6 months?
1/2 of a 250 mg tablet, given two times daily for 3 days.
What should be done if referral is not possible for Artesunate?
Give the first dose of Artesunate intramuscularly and repeat after 12 hours.
What should be done if a child shows general danger signs or stridor in a calm child?
Classify as severe pneumonia or very severe disease, give first dose of an appropriate antibiotic, and refer urgently to hospital.
What treatments should be given for severe malaria?
Give Artesunate suppositories, intramuscular Artesunate, or Quinine.
What is classified as fast breathing for a child aged 2 months to 12 months?
50 breaths per minute or more.
