Copy of Earth and Life Science Initial Release June 13

They may end up as planets, asteroids, or other bodies in the accompanying planetary system.

One of the billions of galaxies in the Universe.

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

A cluster of billions of stars, and clusters of galaxies form superclusters.

It implies that the Earth is not at the center of the universe.

Pitch and volume increases.

The 'redshift' and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, as evidence for an expanding universe.

1. the redshift 2) abundance of hydrogen, helium, and lithium, and 3) the uniformly pervasive cosmic microwave background radiation.

No, there is no known center of the universe.

Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson.

To a stationary observer, the frequency or pitch of a receding source decreases as it moves away.

The universe will expand exponentially forever.

The accidental discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.

One of the billions of galaxies in the Universe.

The positions of the absorption lines for helium for light coming from the Sun are shifted towards the red end as compared with those for a distant star.

If the density of the universe is greater than the critical density, it will eventually contract because of gravity. If it is lower, the universe will expand forever.

About 2.7 degrees above absolute zero.

No, we are definitely not at the center of the universe.

4.6% baryonic matter, 24% cold dark matter, and 71.4% dark energy.

Dark energy is a source of anti-gravity and can explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe.

Hydrogen, helium, and lithium.

Stars are born out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies, where instabilities within the clouds eventually result in gravitational collapse, rotation, heating up, and transformation into a protostar.

It maintains that new matter is created as the universe expands, maintaining its density.

To emphasize the immensity of time and the vastness of space in the universe.

Emphasizing the immensity of time and the vastness of space in the universe.

As part of the solar system, inner terrestrial, and part of the Milky Way Galaxy.

It assumes that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic when averaged over large scales, consistent with our current large-scale image of the universe.

To explain the Big Bang Theory.

A source of anti-gravity; a force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand.

Stars that fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores; outward pressure resulting from nuclear fusion is balanced by gravitational forces.

The 'Big Crunch' refers to the universe contracting because of gravity, while the 'Big Chill' refers to the universe expanding forever and cooling during expansion.

Dark matter has gravity but does not emit light, and it can explain what may be holding galaxies together due to the low total mass being insufficient for gravity alone to do so.

They believed it arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.

Mbombo (or Bumba), who vomited the stars, sun, and moon after feeling intense stomach pain.

Gods sacrificed Purusha, the primal man, whose body parts became the sky, earth, sun, and moon.

A star's energy comes from combining light elements into heavier elements by fusion, or 'nuclear burning' (nucleosynthesis).

The minimum temperature for hydrogen fusion is 5x10^6 degrees Celsius.

General Relativity and the Cosmological Principle.

As a distortion of space-time, no longer described by a gravitational field as in Newton's Law of Gravity.

To state the different hypotheses that preceded the Big Bang Theory of the Origin of the Universe.

Ordinary matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, and other bodies.

An early stage in the formation of a star resulting from the gravitational collapse of gases.

The distance light can travel in a year; a unit of length used to measure astronomical distance.

Postulated theories suggest different perspectives on the existence of a center.

At least 13.8 billion years old.

At least 4.5-4.6 billion years old.

Approximately 32 years.

In the cores of main sequence stars, hydrogen atoms are fused through thermonuclear reactions to make helium atoms.

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background.

It postulates that the universe expanded from a tiny, dense, and hot mass to its present size and much cooler state 13.8 billion years ago.

To describe the structure and composition of the Universe.

By explaining the red-shift phenomenon.

It should not be taken as an explosion; it is better thought of as a simultaneous appearance of space everywhere.

Matter that has gravity but does not emit light.

A nuclear fusion reaction responsible for the energy produced by stars.