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تفريغ (Malignant Transformation (22 - 23

Created by مهدي طاهر الرصاصي

p.3

Which of the following is an example of a malignant connective tissue tumor? A) Fibroma B) Lipoma C) Osteosarcoma D) Chondroma E) Teratoma

Select an answer

p.3

Explanation

No explanation provided.

Click to see question

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p.3
Classification of Tumors

Which of the following is an example of a malignant connective tissue tumor?
A) Fibroma
B) Lipoma
C) Osteosarcoma
D) Chondroma
E) Teratoma

C) Osteosarcoma
Explanation: Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of connective tissue, specifically bone, distinguishing it from benign tumors like fibroma and lipoma.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What type of tumor is a teratoma?
A) Always malignant
B) Always benign
C) May be benign or malignant
D) Only found in adults
E) A type of carcinoma

C) May be benign or malignant
Explanation: Teratomas can be either benign or malignant and are usually found in the ovaries or testes, making them unique among tumors.

p.8
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the correct answer for Q2 in the Scientific Committee Med222 Answers sheet?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

B) B
Explanation: According to the answer sheet, the correct answer for Q2 is B.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What term is used for malignant tumors of epithelial origin?
A) Sarcoma
B) Adenoma
C) Carcinoma
D) Fibroma
E) Lipoma

C) Carcinoma
Explanation: Malignant tumors of epithelial origin are referred to as carcinomas, such as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

p.3
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the suffix used for benign tumors originating from connective tissue?
A) -carcinoma
B) -sarcoma
C) -oma
D) -blastoma
E) -teratoma

C) -oma
Explanation: Benign tumors are named by the tissue of origin with the suffix -oma, such as fibroma or lipoma, indicating their non-malignant nature.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What suffix is commonly used to denote benign tumors?
A) -oma
B) -carcinoma
C) -sarcoma
D) -itis
E) -omae

A) -oma
Explanation: Benign tumors are typically named by their tissue of origin with the suffix -oma, such as fibroma or lipoma.

p.3
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What does anaplasia indicate in tumor cells?
A) Similarity to the tissue of origin
B) No similarity in growth to the tissue of origin
C) Slow growth rate
D) Local invasion
E) Distant metastases

B) No similarity in growth to the tissue of origin
Explanation: Anaplasia refers to a lack of differentiation, indicating that the new tissue does not resemble the original tissue, which is a characteristic of malignant tumors.

p.1
Definition of Neoplasia

What is the definition of a neoplasm?
A) A type of benign tumor
B) An abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated growth
C) A normal tissue growth
D) A type of cancer that does not spread
E) A genetic disorder unrelated to cell growth

B) An abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated growth
Explanation: A neoplasm is defined as a new growth of cells that forms an abnormal mass of tissue, which exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue growth, persisting even after growth stimuli cease.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What is the primary difference between sarcomas and carcinomas?
A) Sarcomas are benign, while carcinomas are malignant
B) Sarcomas originate from connective tissue, while carcinomas originate from epithelial tissue
C) Sarcomas are always found in children, while carcinomas are found in adults
D) Sarcomas have a slower growth rate than carcinomas
E) Sarcomas are more common than carcinomas

B) Sarcomas originate from connective tissue, while carcinomas originate from epithelial tissue
Explanation: Sarcomas are malignant tumors that arise from connective tissue, whereas carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from epithelial tissue, highlighting their distinct origins.

p.2
Classification of Tumors

What is the primary factor used to classify tumors?
A) Size of the tumor
B) Cell of origin
C) Age of the patient
D) Location of the tumor
E) Color of the tumor

B) Cell of origin
Explanation: Tumors are primarily classified by their cell of origin, which indicates where the tumor arises from, such as epithelial or connective tissue.

p.6
In Situ vs Invasive Carcinoma

What characterizes Carcinoma In Situ?
A) Invasion of surrounding tissues
B) Entire epithelial thickness shows dysplasia
C) Basement membrane is breached
D) Presence of metastasis
E) Formation of new blood vessels

B) Entire epithelial thickness shows dysplasia
Explanation: Carcinoma In Situ is characterized by dysplasia throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium while the basement membrane remains intact, indicating a pre-invasive stage of cancer.

p.1
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the study of neoplasia in all its aspects called?
A) Oncology
B) Pathology
C) Hematology
D) Epidemiology
E) Radiology

A) Oncology
Explanation: Oncology is the field of study that focuses on neoplasia, encompassing all aspects related to tumors and cancer.

p.8
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the correct answer for Q1 in the Scientific Committee Med222 Answers sheet?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C
Explanation: The answer sheet specifies that the correct answer for Q1 is C.

p.6
Metastasis in Cancer

What is the first step of metastasis?
A) Formation of new tumors
B) Cancer cells invade the basement membrane
C) Spread to lymph nodes
D) Development of secondary tumors
E) Apoptosis of cancer cells

B) Cancer cells invade the basement membrane
Explanation: The first step of metastasis involves cancer cells invading the basement membrane, which is a reliable feature of malignancy and a prerequisite for further spread.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

Which of the following tumors is classified as a blastoma?
A) Rhabdomyosarcoma
B) Retinoblastoma
C) Liposarcoma
D) Chondroma
E) Angiosarcoma

B) Retinoblastoma
Explanation: Retinoblastoma is an example of a blastoma, which is a tumor of primitive fetal origin, commonly found in infants and children.

p.2
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benign tumors?
A) Rarely come back after removal
B) Can be well differentiated
C) Always malignant
D) Named with the suffix -oma
E) Can arise from epithelial origin

C) Always malignant
Explanation: Benign tumors are characterized by their low likelihood of recurrence after removal and are not malignant, which distinguishes them from malignant tumors.

p.5
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What is a characteristic of malignant cells regarding their nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio?
A) Low nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
B) Normal nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
C) Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
D) Variable nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
E) No nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

C) Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Explanation: Malignant cells are characterized by a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, which is indicative of their abnormal growth and division patterns.

p.2
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What does 'degree of differentiation' refer to in tumor classification?
A) The age of the tumor
B) The tumor's size
C) How similar the tumor cells are to normal cells
D) The location of the tumor
E) The treatment method used

C) How similar the tumor cells are to normal cells
Explanation: The degree of differentiation indicates how closely the tumor cells resemble normal cells, with classifications ranging from well differentiated to undifferentiated.

p.1
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What distinguishes a malignant neoplasm from a benign neoplasm?
A) Malignant neoplasms are limited in growth
B) Benign neoplasms invade surrounding tissues
C) Malignant neoplasms spread and invade
D) Benign neoplasms are always cancerous
E) Malignant neoplasms are not affected by growth stimuli

C) Malignant neoplasms spread and invade
Explanation: Malignant neoplasms are characterized by invasive growth that spreads to other tissues, whereas benign neoplasms exhibit limited growth without invasion or spread.

p.1
Genetic Basis of Cancer

Why is cancer considered a genetic disorder?
A) It is caused by environmental factors only
B) It is caused by DNA mutations
C) It only affects older individuals
D) It is always hereditary
E) It is not related to cell growth

B) It is caused by DNA mutations
Explanation: Cancer is classified as a genetic disorder because it results from DNA mutations, which can be acquired spontaneously or induced by environmental factors, affecting cell growth and behavior.

p.7
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What is a common feature of poorly differentiated malignant tumors?
A) Monomorphic
B) Well-differentiated
C) Pleomorphic
D) Has a fibrous capsule
E) Slow growth

C) Pleomorphic
Explanation: Poorly differentiated malignant tumors often exhibit pleomorphism, meaning they have variable shapes and sizes, indicating a lack of differentiation.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

Which of the following is an example of a benign tumor of glandular epithelium?
A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenoma
C) Lymphoma
D) Chondroma
E) Granuloma

B) Adenoma
Explanation: An adenoma is a benign tumor that arises from glandular epithelium, distinguishing it from malignant tumors.

p.4
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

How do benign tumors differ from malignant tumors in terms of cell morphology?
A) Benign tumors are pleomorphic
B) Benign tumors are monomorphic
C) Malignant tumors have smaller nuclei
D) Malignant tumors are always well differentiated
E) Benign tumors have more mutations

B) Benign tumors are monomorphic
Explanation: Benign tumors are characterized by monomorphic cells, meaning they are uniform in size and shape, whereas malignant tumors are often pleomorphic, showing variation in size and shape.

p.1
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the general term for all malignant growths?
A) Tumor
B) Neoplasm
C) Cancer
D) Benign
E) Oncology

C) Cancer
Explanation: Cancer is the general term used to describe all types of malignant growths, encompassing various forms of invasive and spreading neoplasms.

p.4
Differentiation

What does the term 'well differentiated' indicate in tumor classification?
A) Tumor cells are highly mutated
B) Tumor cells resemble their cell of origin morphologically and functionally
C) Tumor cells are completely undifferentiated
D) Tumor cells are always benign
E) Tumor cells have no resemblance to normal cells

B) Tumor cells resemble their cell of origin morphologically and functionally
Explanation: 'Well differentiated' indicates that the tumor cells closely resemble the normal cells from which they originated, both in structure and function, which is a characteristic of benign tumors.

p.6
Metastasis in Cancer

Which of the following tumors does NOT typically metastasize?
A) Lung carcinoma
B) Basal cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
D) Breast carcinoma
E) Ovarian carcinoma

B) Basal cell carcinoma
Explanation: Basal cell carcinoma is noted for its low potential to metastasize, unlike many other malignant tumors, making it a unique case in cancer pathology.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Which of the following characteristics is true for benign tumors?
A) Rapid growth
B) Poorly differentiated
C) Has a fibrous capsule
D) Prominent, irregular shape
E) Progressive infiltration

C) Has a fibrous capsule
Explanation: Benign tumors are typically well-differentiated and often have a fibrous capsule that separates them from surrounding tissues, unlike malignant tumors.

p.4
Differentiation

What is anaplasia?
A) A type of benign tumor
B) A well-differentiated tumor
C) A loss of differentiation in tumor cells
D) A normal cell structure
E) A type of dysplasia

C) A loss of differentiation in tumor cells
Explanation: Anaplasia refers to the loss of differentiation in tumor cells, indicating that they have become more primitive and less specialized, often associated with malignant tumors.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What type of growth is characteristic of malignant tumors?
A) Expansile and non-invasive
B) Slow growth
C) Rapid growth
D) Well-differentiated
E) Monomorphic

C) Rapid growth
Explanation: Malignant tumors are characterized by rapid growth and progressive infiltration, invasion, and destruction of surrounding tissues.

p.5
In Situ vs Invasive Carcinoma

What is the significance of in situ carcinoma?
A) It is a fully invasive cancer
B) It is a pre-stage of invasion
C) It is a benign tumor
D) It has no relation to cancer
E) It is a type of benign growth

B) It is a pre-stage of invasion
Explanation: In situ carcinoma refers to a stage of cancer where the cells are abnormal but have not yet invaded surrounding tissues, marking it as a pre-stage of invasive carcinoma.

p.4
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What does hyperchromatism indicate in tumor cells?
A) Decreased DNA content
B) Normal nuclear size
C) Increased DNA content leading to darker nuclei
D) Uniformity in cell size
E) Absence of mutations

C) Increased DNA content leading to darker nuclei
Explanation: Hyperchromatism refers to the increased DNA content in the nucleus, resulting in a darker appearance, which is often seen in malignant cells.

p.6
In Situ vs Invasive Carcinoma

What must occur before metastasis can happen?
A) Formation of new blood vessels
B) Invasion of adjacent tissues
C) Apoptosis of surrounding cells
D) Activation of immune response
E) Differentiation of cancer cells

B) Invasion of adjacent tissues
Explanation: Invasion of adjacent tissues must occur before metastasis can take place, as cancer cells need to breach local barriers before spreading to distant sites.

p.6
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What is a reliable feature of malignancy?
A) Presence of necrosis
B) Invasion of the basement membrane
C) Well-differentiated cells
D) Slow growth rate
E) Absence of dysplasia

B) Invasion of the basement membrane
Explanation: Invasion of the basement membrane is a reliable feature of malignancy, indicating that cancer cells have breached a critical barrier and are capable of spreading.

p.7
Metastasis in Cancer

What is the first step of metastasis?
A) Dysplasia
B) In situ cancer
C) Invasion
D) Increased nuclear size
E) Differentiation

C) Invasion
Explanation: The first step of metastasis is invasion, where cancer cells invade surrounding tissues, allowing them to spread to other parts of the body.

p.4
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

Which of the following is a characteristic of dysplasia?
A) Uniformity of individual cells
B) Increased nuclear size and N/C ratio
C) Monomorphic cell structure
D) Well-defined architectural orientation
E) Decreased mitotic figures

B) Increased nuclear size and N/C ratio
Explanation: Dysplasia is characterized by a loss of uniformity in individual cells and architectural orientation, including features like increased nuclear size and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio.

p.5
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What type of mitosis is often observed in malignant cells?
A) Normal mitosis
B) Abnormal mitosis (tri, quadripolar)
C) No mitosis
D) Slow mitosis
E) Binary fission

B) Abnormal mitosis (tri, quadripolar)
Explanation: Malignant cells frequently exhibit abnormal mitosis, including tri and quadripolar mitotic figures, which is a hallmark of their aggressive nature.

p.1
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What happens to tissues affected by malignant neoplasms?
A) They grow normally
B) They become necrotic and die
C) They regenerate quickly
D) They remain unaffected
E) They become benign

B) They become necrotic and die
Explanation: Malignant neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues, utilize their nutrients, and lead to tissue necrosis, causing the affected tissues to die.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Which statement is true regarding basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?
A) BCC often invades nearby tissue
B) BCC does not invade nearby tissue
C) BCC is highly aggressive
D) BCC is always well-differentiated
E) BCC is a type of malignant tumor

B) BCC does not invade nearby tissue
Explanation: Basal cell carcinoma is known for its low invasiveness, meaning it typically does not invade surrounding tissues, making it less aggressive compared to other skin cancers.

p.5
Rate of Growth in Tumors

How does the rate of growth in malignant tumors compare to benign tumors?
A) Slower in malignant tumors
B) The same in both
C) Rapid in malignant tumors
D) No growth in malignant tumors
E) Variable in both

C) Rapid in malignant tumors
Explanation: Malignant tumors typically exhibit a rapid rate of growth, contrasting with benign tumors, which usually grow slowly.

p.5
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is a key feature of benign tumors regarding local invasion?
A) They invade surrounding tissues
B) They have a capsule that limits growth
C) They do not have a capsule
D) They grow rapidly
E) They infiltrate nerves

B) They have a capsule that limits growth
Explanation: Benign tumors are often encapsulated, which restricts their growth and prevents them from invading surrounding tissues, unlike malignant tumors.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is the recurrence rate of malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?

Malignant tumors often recur, while benign tumors rarely do.

p.6
Metastasis in Cancer

What does metastasis refer to?

Spread of malignant tumors to distant sites not contiguous with the main tumor.

p.6
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Do malignant tumors invade adjacent tissue?

Yes, they invade adjacent tissue but do not metastasize.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the significance of knowing a tumor's cell of origin and behavior?

It is important for the identification and naming of the tumor.

p.3
Nomenclature of Tumors

What suffix is commonly used for benign tumors?

–oma.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What does the term 'blastoma' refer to?

Tumors of primitive fetal origin, such as retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma.

p.5
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What type of mitosis is often observed in malignant cells?

Abnormal mitosis, such as tri- and quadripolar mitosis.

p.5
Rate of Growth in Tumors

Can benign tumors ever grow rapidly?

Yes, some benign tumors may grow rapidly.

p.1
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What distinguishes a benign neoplasm from a malignant neoplasm?

A benign neoplasm is limited new growth without invasion or spread, while a malignant neoplasm involves invasive growth that also spreads.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Do basal cell carcinoma tumors invade nearby tissue?

A/ True.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What is the typical occurrence of blastomas?

The majority occur in infants and children.

p.6
Metastasis in Cancer

Which tumors do not metastasize?

Basal cell carcinoma and glial tumors.

p.5
In Situ vs. Invasive Carcinoma

What is the significance of in situ carcinoma?

It is a pre-stage of invasion.

p.1
Genetic Basis of Cancer

Why is cancer considered a genetic disorder?

Because it is caused by DNA mutations, which are mostly acquired spontaneously or induced by environmental insults.

p.1
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

What is dysplasia?

An abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells.

p.2
Definition of Neoplasia

What is the process that leads to the formation of a neoplasm (tumor)?

Any cell can be transformed, leading to growth and then a neoplasm.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is a key characteristic of benign tumors regarding differentiation?

Well differentiated.

p.5
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is a key difference in local invasion between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors often have a capsule and limited growth, while malignant tumors invade and destroy surrounding tissue.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What is the origin of malignant connective tissue tumors?

Sarcoma.

p.4
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

What are some features of dysplasia?

Increased nuclear size, variation in nuclear and cell size (pleomorphism), loss of differentiating features, and increased nuclear DNA content (hyperchromatism).

p.1
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

What is anaplasia?

A reversion of cells to a more primitive or undifferentiated state.

p.6
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is required for excision of malignant tumors?

Excision by wide margin.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is an exception to the benign tumor nomenclature?

Granuloma and lymphoma, which do not follow the typical naming convention.

p.4
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

What is anaplasia?

A condition where cells are undifferentiated and may appear immature.

p.7
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

How do malignant tumors differ in terms of nucleoli?

Prominent and irregular shape.

p.1
In Situ vs. Invasive Carcinoma

What is the significance of the term 'in situ carcinoma'?

It refers to cancer that is localized and has not invaded surrounding tissues.

p.8
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the answer to Q2 in the Scientific Committee Med222?

B

p.6
Metastasis in Cancer

What is the first step of metastasis?

Cancer cells invade the basement membrane.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

How are benign tumors named?

By the tissue of origin with the suffix –oma, e.g., fibroma, lipoma.

p.4
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

How are benign tumors characterized in terms of differentiation?

Benign tumors are similar to the cell of origin and can be well, moderately, or undifferentiated.

p.7
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What is a characteristic of malignant tumors regarding nuclear chromatin?

Increased, hyperchromatic nuclear chromatin.

p.4
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What are the nuclear characteristics of benign tumors?

Nuclei are small and normochromatic with fewer mutations.

p.2
Classification of Tumors

How are tumors classified?

By cell of origin, behavior (benign or malignant), appearance, and degree of differentiation.

p.5
Rate of Growth in Tumors

How does the rate of growth differ between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors usually grow slowly, while malignant tumors grow rapidly.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What type of cell shape is associated with malignant tumors?

Pleomorphic with variable degrees of differentiation.

p.7
Metastasis in Cancer

What is the first step of metastasis?

C/ Invasion.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What is a teratoma?

A tumor of germ cell origin that may be benign or malignant, usually located in the ovary or testes.

p.4
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What are the nuclear characteristics of malignant tumors?

Nuclei are large and hyperchromatic with more mutations.

p.8
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the answer to Q1 in the Scientific Committee Med222?

C

p.6
In Situ vs. Invasive Carcinoma

What characterizes Carcinoma In Situ?

Entire epithelial thickness shows dysplasia, and the basement membrane is intact.

p.5
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What feature is prominent in the nuclei of malignant cells?

Prominent nucleoli.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is a characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of growth?

Rapid growth with progressive infiltration and invasion.

p.3
Classification of Tumors

What are examples of malignant connective tissue tumors?

Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.

p.3
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is anaplasia?

A condition where there is no similarity in growth between the new tissue and the tissue of origin.

p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What does 'cell of origin' refer to in tumor classification?

It refers to where the tumor arises from, such as epithelial or connective tissue.

p.1
Definition of Neoplasia

What is the definition of a neoplasm?

A new growth of cells or an abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue growth, persisting after the cessation of growth stimuli.

p.4
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What does differentiation indicate in tumor cells?

The degree of resemblance of the tumor cell to its cell of origin, functionally and morphologically.

p.1
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is oncology?

The study of neoplasia in all its aspects.

p.1
Nomenclature of Tumors

What is the difference between a tumor and a neoplasm?

Tumor may be used instead of neoplasm but is not accurate; neoplasm specifically refers to abnormal growth.

p.1
In Situ vs. Invasive Carcinoma

What does 'invasive carcinoma' mean?

It refers to cancer that has spread beyond its original site into surrounding tissues.

p.5
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What is a characteristic of malignant cells related to nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio?

They have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

How do benign tumors typically grow?

Slow growth and expansile, not invasive.

p.5
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is the role of the capsule in benign tumors?

The capsule surrounds the tumor with fibrous tissue, limiting growth and preventing local invasion.

p.4
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What does hyperchromatism indicate?

Increased DNA content in the nucleus, making it appear darker.

p.3
Metastasis in Cancer

What is a key characteristic of malignant tumors regarding metastasis?

Malignant tumors can metastasize to distant sites.

p.6
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is a reliable feature of malignancy?

Invasion of the basement membrane.

p.6
In Situ vs. Invasive Carcinoma

What must happen before metastasis occurs?

Invasion must happen.

p.2
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

What is the difference in recurrence between benign and malignant tumors after removal?

Benign tumors rarely come back after removal, while malignant tumors may recur.

p.1
Classification of Tumors

What is the general term for all malignant growths?

Cancer.

p.1
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What happens to tissues affected by malignant neoplasms?

They can invade and destroy tissues, using tissue nutrients and leading to tissue necrosis.

p.3
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

How do benign and malignant tumors differ in terms of local invasion?

Malignant tumors invade locally, while benign tumors do not.

p.2
Characteristics of Malignant Cells

What are the degrees of differentiation in tumors?

  1. Well differentiated, low grade; 2. Moderately differentiated, intermediate grade; 3. Poorly differentiated, high grade; 4. Undifferentiated, high grade.
p.2
Nomenclature of Tumors

What suffix is used for malignant tumors of epithelial origin?

Carcinoma.

p.7
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

Do benign tumors have a fibrous capsule?

Yes.

p.4
Dysplasia and Anaplasia

What is dysplasia characterized by?

Loss of uniformity of individual cells and their architectural orientation.

p.4
Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors

How do normal cells and benign neoplasms differ from malignant cells in terms of morphology?

Normal cells and benign neoplasms are monomorphic, while malignant cells are pleomorphic.

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