p.1
Nutritional Assessment in Thyroid Disorders
Which department is associated with Medical Nutrition Therapy for thyroid health?
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics.
p.9
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What additional tests may be included in a full thyroid panel?
rT3 and thyroid antibodies.
p.12
Cardiovascular Health
What inflammatory marker is elevated and associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk?
Elevated C-reactive protein.
p.24
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
Is Vitamin B12 deficiency common?
It is rare but can occur in vegan individuals.
p.2
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What are the main hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.
p.3
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What role does the hypothalamus play in thyroid hormone regulation?
It produces Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH).
p.7
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
In which organs does the conversion of T4 to T3 primarily occur?
Thyroid gland, liver, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and kidneys.
p.8
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is thyroiditis?
An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid, including Hashimoto's and Graves' disease.
p.15
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is a goiter?
An enlarged thyroid gland due to any cause.
p.8
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is hypothyroidism?
A condition where the thyroid is underactive.
p.5
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What dietary components are necessary for adequate thyroid hormone synthesis?
Adequate tyrosine and iodine.
p.16
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is adrenal fatigue?
A condition characterized by decreased ability of the adrenal gland to cope with stress.
p.19
Medical Management of Thyroid Disorders
What are the treatment options for hyperthyroidism?
Medication, surgery, radioactive iodine, and immune therapy.
p.23
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
Why is Vitamin C considered an important antioxidant?
Because it helps protect the thyroid gland.
p.4
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What is one of the primary functions of the thyroid glands?
To produce thyroid hormones.
p.9
Nutritional Assessment in Thyroid Disorders
What is included in a nutritional assessment for thyroid health?
Patient history, 24-hour recall, FFQ, and status of vitamins and minerals like D, Zinc, Iodine, and Selenium.
p.10
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What issue can affect the conversion of T4 to T3 in hypothyroidism?
The conversion process may not be functioning properly.
p.16
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is the primary issue in adrenal fatigue?
Decreased ability of the adrenal gland to cope.
p.20
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
Which vitamins are important for thyroid health?
Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin A.
p.17
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What can lead to stunted brain development in babies?
Lack of thyroid hormone before or after birth.
p.28
Impact of Iodine and Selenium on Thyroid Function
How can one counteract the effects of goitrogens?
By ensuring sufficient iodine intake.
p.4
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What role do thyroid glands play in body temperature regulation?
They help control body temperature.
p.8
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What are the two main types of autoimmune thyroiditis?
Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease.
p.10
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What are some causes of hypothyroidism?
Genetic factors, low iodine intake, autoimmune disease, viral infections (like Epstein-Barr virus), and surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
p.19
Medical Management of Thyroid Disorders
What is the primary medication used for hypothyroidism?
Thyroid replacement medication (thyroxin).
p.28
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
How does cooking affect goitrogenic compounds in foods?
Cooking reduces the goitrogenic compounds, especially in cruciferous vegetables.
p.26
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
What are goitrogenic foods?
Substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting the uptake of iodine.
p.2
Thyroid Anatomy and Function
Where is the thyroid gland located?
In the front of the neck.
p.4
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
How do thyroid glands affect metabolism?
They regulate fat and carbohydrates metabolism.
p.6
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What is thyroglobulin?
A protein produced by the thyroid gland that stores iodine.
p.8
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is thyroid cancer?
A malignancy that affects the thyroid gland.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is Plummer's disease?
A benign tumor that produces too much T4.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
Why does the thyroid grow in hyperthyroidism?
Due to lack of negative feedback.
p.31
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
Which type of fatty acids are important in an anti-inflammatory diet?
Omega-3 rich fatty acids.
p.26
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
In which individuals can goitrogenic foods cause more harm?
In individuals with thyroid conditions or iodine deficiency.
p.25
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
What is a food elimination diet?
A diet that involves removing specific foods to identify sensitivities or allergies.
p.6
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What are rich food sources of iodine?
Seaweed, fish, seafood, egg.
p.8
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is hyperthyroidism?
A condition where the thyroid is overactive.
p.10
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
Why does the pituitary gland secrete more TSH in hypothyroidism?
Because the thyroid gland is not responding to produce T3 and T4, leading to a lack of feedback mechanism.
p.12
Cardiovascular Health
What cardiovascular risk factor is associated with the force of blood against artery walls?
Increased blood pressure.
p.16
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What does adrenal fatigue involve?
A collection of signs and symptoms.
p.14
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
How does hyperthyroidism affect appetite?
It causes appetite change.
p.18
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
How can trauma influence the onset of Graves' disease?
Trauma can act as a trigger factor.
p.31
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
What role do nuts and seeds play in an anti-inflammatory diet?
They are included as a source of healthy fats and nutrients.
p.29
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
How long before or after thyroid medication should chromium picolinate be taken?
3 hours before or after thyroid drug.
p.3
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4).
p.10
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What are the hormone levels typically seen in hypothyroidism?
Low levels of T3 and T4, and high levels of TSH.
p.17
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is a common postpartum problem affecting 25% of women?
Thyroid hypothyroidism or thyroiditis.
p.31
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
What types of foods are emphasized in an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern?
Fruits and vegetables, lean protein.
p.26
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
What can excessive consumption of goitrogenic foods lead to in individuals with thyroid conditions?
Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) and impaired thyroid function.
p.17
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is Cretinism?
A condition resulting from lack of thyroid hormone leading to stunted growth and development.
p.30
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What effect does fasting have on thyroid hormones?
It reduces T3 and T4 levels.
p.3
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What is the feedback mechanism of thyroid hormones?
It involves the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis regulating hormone levels.
p.3
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What is the overall action of thyroid hormones?
They regulate metabolism and energy production in the body.
p.6
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What are rich food sources of tyrosine?
Egg, cheese, turkey, fish.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is hyperthyroidism?
Overproduction of T4 and T3 hormones.
p.24
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What happens when there is a very low level of Vitamin B12?
It can lead to irreversible effects on the nervous system.
p.30
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
In which condition is weight gain often greater?
In severe hypothyroidism.
p.25
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is the purpose of reducing antithyroid antibodies?
To improve thyroid function and manage thyroid disorders.
p.1
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is the focus of Medical Nutrition Therapy in relation to thyroid health?
It involves dietary management to support thyroid function and address disorders.
p.4
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What is the function of calcitonin?
To control the calcium concentration in the blood.
p.5
Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4
What are the two main thyroid hormones?
Thyroxin (T4) and Triiodothyronin (T3).
p.9
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What dietary components are assessed in nutritional evaluations?
Energy intakes, carbohydrates, and fat intake.
p.10
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is hypothyroidism?
An underactive thyroid gland characterized by low levels of T3 and T4.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is a goiter?
An enlarged thyroid that can be toxic.
p.22
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What role does vitamin D play in the immune system?
It supports the immune system and helps prevent autoimmune diseases.
p.22
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What issues do people with autoimmune diseases often face regarding vitamin D?
They often experience issues in the process of vitamin D synthesis.
p.21
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is the relationship between iron and thyroid function?
Low thyroid function can be secondary to anemia, and TPO needs iron to work.
p.3
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What hormone does the pituitary gland release in response to TRH?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
p.9
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What conditions should be checked for during nutritional assessments?
Inflammation or autoimmune diseases.
p.16
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
When may adrenal fatigue occur in relation to hypothyroidism?
It may occur before hypothyroidism.
p.15
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What conditions can be associated with a goiter?
Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and euthyroidism.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What happens in Graves disease?
Antibodies attack the thyroid gland and occasionally tissues behind the eyes.
p.13
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
What is thyroiditis?
Inflammation of the thyroid gland that causes excessive thyroid hormone to leak into the bloodstream.
p.23
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is the role of Vitamin C in relation to the thyroid gland?
It protects the thyroid gland and the level of thyroid hormone.
p.30
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
How does hypothyroidism affect weight management?
It is generally associated with weight gain due to decreased BMR.
p.28
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
What should individuals with thyroid issues do regarding goitrogenic foods?
Limit consumption of goitrogenic foods.
p.26
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
How do goitrogenic foods affect thyroid hormone production?
They inhibit the uptake of iodine, which is crucial for thyroid hormone production.
p.25
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
Which two types of products are commonly removed in a food elimination diet for thyroid health?
Gluten and dairy products.
p.29
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is the recommended timing for consuming coffee and fibers in relation to thyroid medication?
2 hours before or after thyroid drug.
p.21
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
Why do we need selenium for liver health?
We need it for liver detox.
p.18
Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
How does smoking relate to Graves' disease?
Smoking is a trigger factor.
p.31
Dietary Considerations for Weight Management
What types of foods should be limited in an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern?
Processed food, red meats, sweet and processed meats.
p.27
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
Name some cruciferous vegetables that are goitrogenic.
Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Turnips, Radishes.
p.27
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
Name some soy products that are considered goitrogenic.
Tofu, Soy milk, Soy protein.
p.21
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Regulation
What role does selenium play in thyroid hormone conversion?
It is a cofactor for the enzyme thyroxin 5-deiodinase, which converts T4 to T3.
p.27
Goitrogenic Foods and Their Effects
What is the effect of soy on thyroid function?
Soy contains isoflavones that may disrupt the activity of thyroid peroxidase.
p.29
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What should be the timing for calcium supplementation in relation to thyroid medication?
4 hours before or after thyroid drug.
p.21
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What are some food sources of selenium?
Nuts, Brazilian nuts, and oats.
p.21
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is a potential risk of excessive selenium intake?
Too much selenium is not good.
p.21
Nutritional Requirements for Thyroid Health
What is one of the antioxidant roles of selenium?
It acts as an antioxidant.
