pharmacology-nursing-notes

8 hours.

For the nurse's protection.

The movement of a drug in the body.

Tremors and palpitations.

The study of the action of drugs on the body.

It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the liver, becoming a less active and less toxic drug.

Fat serves as a storage for drugs unless they are fat-soluble.

A tablet with a line in the center that can be divided and crushed without causing issues.

Right Medication/Drug.

Increase oral fluid intake (OFI) and fiber in the diet.

Timolol and Betaxolol.

Blocks anxiety.

They block the reuptake of serotonin.

To prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to a cholinergic effect.

A substance that stimulates receptor sites.

Medicine or drug.

The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.

They liberate in an alkaline environment (small intestine) to avoid stomach irritation and should not be crushed.

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors).

The study of biological effects of chemicals, including drugs.

The presynaptic neuron receives an impulse, releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

To diagnose Myasthenic and Cholinergic crises by assessing muscle strength.

It causes vasodilation, decreases total peripheral resistance (TPR), and lowers blood pressure.

They target the urinary bladder to facilitate emptying and treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Nerve bodies located outside the central nervous system.

Hard gel capsules contain powder inside, while soft gel capsules contain liquid.

Vital signs, intake and output, neuro checks, muscle strength, and pulmonary function.

They help manage symptoms and monitor for crises.

The patient's name and birthday.

Dissolves clots.

Insulin for diabetes mellitus.

Due to increased risks for cardiac problems and hypertensive crisis.

It binds to the same receptor, reducing the potency of the agonist.

Neostigmine.

Pheochromocytoma.

The body's response to the drug, including its movement.

They prevent the breakdown of ACH, causing muscles to not relax.

Constipation, urinary retention, and dryness of the mouth.

They are used for hypertension, angina, post-myocardial infarction, anxiety attacks, and hyperthyroidism.

The elimination of waste products and unnecessary substances from the body.

A drug usually bought in powder form mixed with water, where the chemicals do not mix and require shaking before administration.

Ointments are oil-based and used for dry lesions, while lotions are water-based and used for wet lesions.

It is used for myasthenia gravis.

The active ingredient is released from the drug.

It binds to a different receptor and prevents the binding of the agonist.

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2.

It acts as a decongestant and decreases blood flow.

BP = HR x SV x Total Peripheral Resistance (SVR).

They decrease heart rate and blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.

Innervate organs before reaching the ganglia.

They have antiseptic properties to inhibit bacterial growth and anesthetic action to relieve pain.

A therapeutic effect.

It does not increase blood pressure.

Descending muscle weakness.

They interfere with the growth of foreign cells.

Airway, aspiration, and immobility.

IV (Intravenous) route.

They contain two or more chemicals and can be crushed.

Weakness and paralysis due to underdose of cholinergic drug.

Cholinergic drug (neostigmine).

45 degrees.

Anticholinergic drug (atropine).

At least 3 times.

They cause vasoconstriction.

To increase oxygen supply and decrease oxygen demand.

It is used for orthostatic hypotension and causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

Ptosis (drooping of the eyelids).

Blocks the action of a neurotransmitter.

To induce vasodilation and decrease blood pressure, especially in hypertensive crises.

The receptor is the lock, and the drug is the key.

ACH binds to receptors, causing muscle contraction.

Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Depression is caused by an imbalance of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.

Aqueous humor.

Innervate organs after passing through the ganglia.

500 mg every 8 hours.

Lyses mucus.

4-5 days.

IV drugs bypass the first pass effect, meaning metabolism is skipped and concentration is 100%.

It is a bronchodilator used for asthma and COPD, and can also be used as a tocolytic for premature contractions.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).

Neuron.

From the craniosacral area (cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10 and sacral spinal nerves 2, 3, 4).

Cells that act based on the impulse received from neurons, such as muscles, glands, and nerves.

Weakness and paralysis due to overdose of cholinergic drug.

Because it can lead to coma.

Increase in aqueous humor and decrease in its production.

Obstruction of flow of aqueous humor.

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, erectile dysfunction.

Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiratory rate (RR).

Blocks the tone of uterine muscle.

Antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors, preventing acetylcholine from reaching effector cells.

An initial dose that is usually higher than the recommended dose, given for an immediate response, often in emergency cases.

Synapse (or Synaptic Cleft).

Bananas and chocolate.

To ensure safety and effectiveness; IV push can be dangerous.

They decrease norepinephrine release.

They cause bronchodilation and vasodilation.

The oral drug dose should be reduced because the liver cannot metabolize the drug properly.

Increased risk for aspiration.

The time it takes for a drug to become half of its previously peaked level.

It is involved in arousal, sleep, motivation, and preventing depression.

Sympathetic (adrenergic) and Parasympathetic (cholinergic).

Discontinue aspirin for about 5 days before the operation.

Tremors and palpitations.

To decrease salivation and reduce the risk of aspiration.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), which causes ascending paralysis.

Extrapyramidal Syndrome.

Catecholamines: Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (E), and Dopamine (D).

They are associated with increased schizophrenia and mania, and decreased depression, Parkinson's, and ADHD.

Cholinergic.

A side effect associated with long-term use of antipsychotic medications.

From the thoracolumbar area (C2 – L2).

The level of drug in the blood which produces a therapeutic effect.

Acetylcholine (ACH).

It coordinates impulses and responses, and is involved in cognitive behaviors such as thinking, learning, and reasoning.

It inhibits nerve activity and prevents overexcitability, such as seizure activity.