What was a primary purpose of the Enlightenment?
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To promote social reform, universal education, and social equality.
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What was a primary purpose of the Enlightenment?
To promote social reform, universal education, and social equality.
What does 'Galant' mean in the context of music?
It refers to manners and attitudes cultivated in court.
What are some characteristics of Classical music?
Restrained and symmetrical.
Who were the key figures in the Enlightenment?
Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu.
What should the language in music be according to empfindsam style?
Universal, not national.
Name some notable composers of the Classical period.
Johann Sebastian Bach, Handel, Mozart.
Which piece is a listening sample of empfindsam style?
CPE Bach’s Sonata in A major, H186, Wq 55/4.
What does the term 'Enlightenment' mean?
It means light.
What does the term 'Classical' refer to in music?
Art music of all periods, more narrowly for the style of the late 18th century.
How did Voltaire and Rousseau analyze social and political issues?
Using reason and science.
What is the common term for the Classical style in music?
Galant style.
What characterizes the vocal melodies in empfindsam style?
Conceived melody in short phrases over spare accompaniment.
What are some characteristics of empfindsam style?
Surprising turns of harmony and chromaticism.
What does the Empfindsamer style represent?
Mobility of emotion.
How does empfindsam style relate to Galant?
It is a close relative.
What is the German term for 'sensitive style'?
Empfindsam style.
Who created the Galant style?
Johann Mathewson.
What is the purpose of empfindsam style?
To distinguish from baroque contrapuntal writing and learned style for church music.
What are some characteristics of the Galant style?
Flirting, brave, elegant, and charmed.
What characteristics did Enlightenment thought reflect?
Realism, restraint, harmony, and order.
