How many covalent bonds can carbon make to fill its octet?
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4 covalent bonds.
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How many covalent bonds can carbon make to fill its octet?
4 covalent bonds.
What types of bonds can carbon form?
Single, double, and triple bonds.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound with only carbon and hydrogen.
What distinguishes alkenes from alkanes?
Alkenes contain at least one double bond.
What characterizes an alkyne?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond.
What is the boiling point of Propane?
-42.1 °C.
What is the boiling point of Pentane?
36.1 °C.
What is the molecular formula for Heptane?
C7H16.
What element is the foundation of organic chemistry?
Carbon.
What is the purpose of Experiment 1?
To differentiate organic from inorganic compounds.
What is an example of a manmade pharmaceutical?
Aspirin.
What is another name for Acetaminophen?
Tylenol.
Can pharmaceuticals be natural or manmade?
Yes, they can be both.
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that control how the molecule reacts.
What is DNA?
A natural polymer that carries genetic information.
What are some examples of manmade polymers?
Nylon, Kevlar, and PVC.
What is emphasized in the laboratory activity?
Familiarization of laboratory glassware and apparatus.
When is the laboratory activity scheduled?
Friday afternoon.
What is the primary focus of organic chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds.
What role does RNA play in protein synthesis?
It acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.
What contributes to the enormous range of properties of carbon compounds?
The versatility and stability of carbon’s molecular structures.
Which hormones and neurotransmitters are mentioned?
Adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin.
What does unsaturated mean in terms of carbon chains?
It contains at least one multiple (double or triple) bond.
What is the rate of reaction for organic compounds?
The rate of reaction is slow.
What are most pharmaceuticals composed of?
Complex, organic molecules.
What are petrochemicals?
Simple, small hydrocarbons isolated from crude oil (petroleum).
What is polyethylene?
A type of polymer made from repeating units of ethylene.
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store and transmit genetic information.
What is Nylon classified as?
A manmade polymer.
What is Kevlar used for?
It is a manmade polymer known for its strength and is often used in bulletproof vests.
How are proteins formed?
By the polymerization of amino acids.
What are some examples of smells and tastes?
Fruits, fish, mint.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds.
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for its characteristic reactions.
What are some examples of consumer products?
Plastics, nylon, rayon, polyester.
What is the complexity of organic compounds?
They are biological and more complex in nature.
What is Palytoxin?
A toxin made by some species of seaweed and coral.
What organisms produce Palytoxin?
Some species of seaweed and coral.
What is octane used for?
In gasoline.
What is propane commonly used in?
Grills, heaters, etc.
Can you name a common example of a polysaccharide?
Starch or cellulose.
What type of molecules make up polysaccharides?
Sugar molecules (monosaccharides).
Which is more reactive: alkenes or alkanes?
Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes.
What does it mean for a carbon chain to be saturated?
It contains as many hydrogens as possible.
What are examples of saturated compounds?
Alkanes.
What is an alkene?
A compound with a double bond.
What is the complexity of inorganic compounds?
They are of mineral and not much complexity in nature.
What is butane used for?
As lighter fluid.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
What defines an alkane?
A saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds only.
What is an alkene?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond.
Is carbon dioxide considered an organic compound?
No, carbon dioxide is NOT organic.
What are some addictive substances?
Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, narcotics.
What are the main types of food components?
Carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins.
What are the melting and boiling points of organic compounds?
They have relatively low melting and boiling points.
Where are organic compounds mainly found?
In most living things.
What is another objective of the course?
To introduce organic compounds.
What is a key objective related to the comparison of compounds?
To differentiate organic from inorganic compounds.
What is one objective of the course?
To share biochem images.
Who synthesized Palytoxin and when?
Kishi et al. at Harvard in 1994.
What is the relationship between molar mass and boiling point?
Larger molar mass results in a higher boiling point.
How does the size of a compound affect its boiling point?
A bigger compound has a higher boiling point.
What is the boiling point of Methane (16 g/mol)?
-161.5 °C.
How do the volatility and flammability of organic compounds compare to inorganic compounds?
Organic compounds are more volatile and highly inflammable, while inorganic compounds are non-volatile and not inflammable.
In what states of matter do organic compounds exist?
Solids, gases, and liquids.
What distinguishes alkynes from alkenes?
Alkynes contain at least one triple bond.
What does it mean for a hydrocarbon to be saturated?
It contains only single bonds and has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
What are petrochemicals?
Chemical products derived from petroleum.
What are polymers?
Large molecules made up of repeating structural units (monomers).
How do inorganic compounds compare in melting and boiling points to organic compounds?
They have low melting and boiling points compared to organic compounds.
Give examples of inorganic compounds.
Non-metals, salts, metals, acids, bases, and substances made from single elements.
What are polymers?
Large molecules made from many repeating units of smaller molecules.
How does organic chemistry contribute to agriculture?
It helps in the development of fertilizers and pesticides.
What characterizes organic compounds?
The presence of carbon atoms.
What elements do organic compounds typically consist of?
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and their derivatives.
What type of bonds do alkanes contain?
Only single bonds.
What is the boiling point of Butane (58 g/mol)?
-0.5 °C.
What is the molecular formula for Ethane?
C2H6.
What is the structural formula for Butane?
CH3(CH2)2CH3.
What is the IUPAC name for C6H14?
Hexane.
What is an alkyne?
A compound with a triple bond.
Give examples of organic compounds.
Fats, nucleic acids, sugars, enzymes, proteins, and hydrocarbon fuels.
What is the repeating unit in polyethylene?
C2H4 (ethylene).
What are polysaccharides?
Natural polymers made up of sugar molecules.
What does PVC stand for?
Polyvinyl chloride.
What are natural polymers?
Large molecules made up of repeating structural units, typically connected by covalent chemical bonds.
What is the primary function of proteins?
To perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, and responding to stimuli.
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid, a molecule essential for coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
What is the IUPAC name for CH4?
Methane.
What type of bonds do inorganic compounds form?
Ionic bonds.
What is a reason for the structural complexity of organic compounds?
The ability of carbon to bond with other carbons.
How do inorganic compounds conduct heat and electricity in aqueous solutions?
They are good conductors.
What is the boiling point of Decane?
174.1 °C.
What is an example of a natural pharmaceutical?
Penicillin.
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4 valence electrons.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What is the boiling point of Ethane (30 g/mol)?
-88.6 °C.
What is the boiling point of Propane (44 g/mol)?
-42.1 °C.
What elements do organic compounds contain?
Carbon and hydrogen.
Name a few common medications.
Aspirin, Tylenol, decongestants, sedatives, insulin.
What type of bonds do saturated compounds contain?
Only single C-H bonds.
What are the key components of genetics?
DNA, RNA.
What is the structural formula for Nonane?
CH3(CH2)7CH3.
What role does organic chemistry play in the food industry?
It is crucial for food preservation and flavor enhancement.
In what way is organic chemistry significant for environmental science?
It aids in understanding and developing solutions for pollution.
How does organic chemistry impact materials science?
It is involved in the creation of polymers and new materials.
What is the solubility characteristic of organic compounds?
They are insoluble in water.
What type of bonds do organic compounds form?
Covalent bonds.
What unique bonding capability does carbon have?
Carbon can bond to other carbons.
How do organic compounds conduct heat and electricity in aqueous solutions?
They are poor conductors.
What is the boiling point of Octane?
125.7 °C.
Where are inorganic compounds mainly found?
In non-living things.
What is the rate of reaction for inorganic compounds?
They have a high rate of reaction.
What elements do most organic compounds contain?
Carbon and hydrogen, but they may also include other elements.
Name some medications that are organic compounds.
Chloromyctin, streptomycin, aspirin, chloroform, paracetamol, urotropin.
Why is organic chemistry important in pharmaceuticals?
It is essential for the design and synthesis of drugs.
What is organic chemistry?
The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds.
What products are made from organic chemicals?
Cosmetics cream, soap, paint, camphor, oil, perfume, and other makeup and decoration products.
What are some examples of organic compounds used in agriculture?
Fertilizers and chemicals for seed protection, such as gamoxine and insecticides.
What types of fabrics are considered organic compounds?
Silk, wool, cotton, rayon, and noyolan terrylines.
