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Maternal Mortality Indicators
What are some other indicators of maternal health?
Severe maternal morbidity, maternal morbidity, and success indicators of antenatal care, delivery, and other stages.
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Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM)
What are the causes of severe maternal morbidity (SMM)?
Hemorrhage, sepsis, preeclampsia, eclampsia, obstructed labor, and abortion.
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Causes of Maternal Mortality
What does the Marmot Review (2010) attribute to improvements in life expectancy?
Improving life chances and removing inequalities contribute to two-thirds, while healthcare services contribute only one-third.
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Health System Factors in Maternal Health
What are the health system factors contributing to maternal mortality?
Lack of health system resources, including antenatal care, delivery by skilled attendant (nurse, midwife, doctor), and lack of access to facilities with staff and resources capable of providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEMONC) or higher.
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Overview of Maternal Health
When do a large proportion of maternal and neonatal deaths occur?
During the first 48 hours after delivery.
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Causes of Maternal Mortality
What does the Marmot Review (2010) suggest about the impact of healthcare services on life expectancy?
It estimates that healthcare services contribute only one-third to improvements in life expectancy.
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Maternal Mortality Ratio vs. Maternal Mortality Rate
What is the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) according to UN estimates in 2015?
216 deaths per 100,000 live births.
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Global Maternal Health Interventions
What is the key factor in reducing maternal deaths and disabilities according to Fathalla?
Access to essential health services that provide evidence-based, technologically appropriate, and affordable interventions.
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Maternal Mortality Ratio vs. Maternal Mortality Rate
What is the Maternal Mortality Rate?
Maternal deaths in a given period per 100,000 women.
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Maternal Health in Low-Income Countries
Where do 99% of maternal and newborn deaths occur?
In low-income and middle-income countries.
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Overview of Maternal Health
What is the definition of maternal death?
Female death from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, during pregnancy or childbirth or within 42 days of termination.
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Maternal Mortality Ratio vs. Maternal Mortality Rate
According to the PSA NDHS Key Indicators Report, what is the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in the Philippines?
78 per 100,000 live births.
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Overview of Maternal Health
What does 'Hindi hilot ang midwife!' mean in relation to midwives?
It means midwives are not traditional birth attendants.
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Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM)
What are some important results related to severe maternal morbidity (SMM)?
1.1 million of the 136 million births each year are complicated by SMM. 9.5 million women suffer slightly less immediate life-threatening complications, and 20 million mothers suffer long-term complications each year.
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Overview of Maternal Health
What is the definition of maternal health according to the WHO?
The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.
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Maternal Mortality Ratio vs. Maternal Mortality Rate
What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in the Philippines according to the World Bank 2020?
78 per 100,000 live births.
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Maternal Near-Miss Event
What is a maternal 'Near-Miss' Event according to the WHO?
A woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.
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Overview of Maternal Health
What is the midwife mandate related to?
Maternal and child care for normal cases.
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Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM)
Why is severe maternal morbidity (SMM) difficult to use in some settings?
Due to the low absolute number of maternal deaths in some countries.
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Health System Factors in Maternal Health
What is a critical lack in the health system contributing to maternal mortality?
Critical lack of skilled staff and quality care, including improving and standardizing the highly variable quality of care.
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Maternal Mortality Ratio vs. Maternal Mortality Rate
What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births during a certain period.
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Causes of Maternal Mortality
What are the direct obstetric causes of maternal mortality?
73% direct obstetric causes, including hemorrhage, preeclampsia, puerperal sepsis, unsafe abortion, embolism, obstructed labor, and other direct causes.
