What is filtration?
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A method that separates an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution.
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What is filtration?
A method that separates an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution.
What does filtration separate from a liquid?
Fine and tiny insoluble solids.
What remains on the filter paper after filtration?
Insoluble solids, like mud.
What is collected in the conical flask during distillation?
The pure water that distils over, known as the distillate.
What does the table in the study notes compare?
Methods of evaporation and crystallization in extracting common salt from seawater.
What is sea water classified as?
A mixture that contains many different dissolved substances, regarded as a solution.
How do you know if a solution is saturated enough to form crystals?
Dip a glass rod in the solution; if small solids form on the rod, the solution is saturated.
What is left behind after distillation?
Residue.
What is the physical form of common salt obtained through evaporation?
A powder, not crystals.
What can be obtained from a mixture of sea water and sand using decantation?
Sand-free sea water.
What acts as a sieve in the filtration process?
Filter paper.
What type of condenser is used in the Quickfit distillation setup?
Liebig condenser.
What is the liquid collected after distillation called?
Distillate.
What is the first step in the silver nitrate test procedure?
Dissolve a solid sample in deionized water.
What type of sodium chloride is obtained from heating sea water to dryness?
Impure sodium chloride containing other salts like magnesium chloride.
How do scientists abbreviate 'aqueous solution'?
They commonly abbreviate it as 'solution'.
What is the primary method used to extract common salt from seawater?
Evaporation and crystallization.
What is the flame test used for?
To test for the presence of metal ions in ionic compounds.
What do you do after moistening the wire in a flame test?
Dip the wire into a crushed sample of the substance to be tested.
What happens during the slow evaporation of sea water at room temperature?
The sea water becomes more concentrated and eventually saturated, leading to the formation of salt crystals.
What is an insoluble substance?
A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent.
What should be added to the boiling tube before heating sea water?
Anti-bumping granules.
What is decantation?
A quick but rough method of separating a dense insoluble solid from a liquid or solution.
What is crystallization?
The process of forming crystals from a saturated solution.
How does sodium chloride obtained by crystallization compare to that obtained by evaporation?
It contains less impurities.
How can dissolved solute be separated from the solvent?
By evaporation.
What does the silver nitrate test indicate?
Whether a compound contains halide ions such as chloride, bromide, or iodide ions.
What can distillation separate besides pure water from sea water?
A mixture of two or more liquids with a great difference in boiling points.
What indicates the presence of chloride ions in the silver nitrate test?
The appearance of a white precipitate (silver chloride, AgCl).
What is the purpose of cold running water in the Quickfit distillation setup?
To provide a better cooling effect for the steam.
What types of substances, other than salts, are dissolved in sea water?
Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, and organic substances like urea.
What does evaporation refer to?
The change of a liquid to vapor at a temperature below its boiling point.
What happens when copper(II) sulphate crystals are added to a dilute solution?
The solution becomes more concentrated until it reaches saturation.
What is the main dissolved substance in sea water?
Common salt, which is sodium chloride.
What is left behind after the distillation process?
A mixture of salts, known as the residue.
What happens to the liquid during distillation?
Only the liquid vaporizes.
How can you identify the metal element present in the sample during a flame test?
By observing the flame color produced.
What is the purpose of using a separation method?
To separate and obtain substances from a mixture.
What is a key characteristic of the separation methods listed?
No new substances are formed at the end of separation.
Name some other salts found in sea water.
Magnesium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride.
What passes through the filter paper during filtration?
Particles of water (solvent) and dissolved salts.
What is collected after the filtration process?
The sea water that passes through the filter paper.
What forms a solution?
When one or more substances (solutes) dissolve in another substance (the solvent).
What is a dilute solution?
A solution that contains a small amount of solute in a given volume of solvent.
How is common salt obtained quickly in a laboratory setting?
By heating filtered sea water to dryness.
What are some examples of separation methods?
Decantation, Filtration, Evaporation, Crystallization.
Why are anti-bumping granules used in distillation?
To prevent bumping, which can cause sea water to splash into the receiver test tube.
What defines a crystal?
A solid with a regular shape, smooth flat faces, and straight edges.
How is decantation performed?
The solid in the mixture is allowed to settle, and the liquid on top is carefully poured off.
What is the typical quality of the liquid obtained from decantation?
Usually a turbid liquid with tiny solids.
What happens to the steam in the condenser during distillation?
The steam is cooled by cold running water and condenses to pure water.
How is pure water obtained from sea water?
By distillation.
What is an example of a solute obtained from sea water through evaporation?
Solid sodium chloride.
What is a soluble substance?
A substance that dissolves in a solvent.
Why is excess dilute nitric acid added in the silver nitrate test?
To prevent the formation of other precipitates like silver carbonate and silver sulphite.
What are the two key aspects compared in the extraction methods?
The form and purity of the salt obtained.
What is the first technique used in crystallization?
Slow cooling of hot saturated solution.
What type of flame is used in a flame test?
A non-luminous Bunsen flame.
What characterizes a concentrated solution?
It contains a large amount of solute in a given volume of solvent.
Is water the only solvent?
No, water is an example of a solvent; there are other solvents like propanone and heptane.
What is a limitation of decantation?
It cannot separate fine and tiny solids from the liquid.
What is the first step in performing a flame test?
Moisten a clean platinum or nichrome wire with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
In a salt solution, what is the solute and what is the solvent?
Salt is the solute and water is the solvent.
What method is used to separate common salt crystals from remaining sea water?
Filtration.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that has dissolved all the solute it can at a given temperature.
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution formed when a solute is dissolved in water.
What color precipitate forms for bromide ions in the silver nitrate test?
Pale yellow precipitate (silver bromide, AgBr).
What color precipitate forms for iodide ions in the silver nitrate test?
Yellow precipitate (silver iodide, AgI).
