What are the classical agents of Ion Exchange Resins?
Click to see answer
Cholestyramine and Colestipol.
Click to see question
What are the classical agents of Ion Exchange Resins?
Cholestyramine and Colestipol.
What class of drugs are statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
What is a potential benefit of statins beyond lowering cholesterol?
May decrease arterial wall inflammation and reduce atherosclerosis risk.
What are some side effects of statins?
Myositis and potential progression to rhabdomyolysis.
What effect do Ion Exchange Resins have on LDL receptors?
They upregulate LDL receptors in the liver, increasing the removal of cholesterol from the blood to make more bile acids.
What are the classical agents of Fibrates?
Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate, Bezafibrate, Ciprofibrate.
What diagnostic marker can indicate myositis caused by statins?
Increased plasma creatine kinase levels.
What are the three key lifestyle issues to address in managing cholesterol?
Smoking, diet, and exercise.
What are some side effects of Ion Exchange Resins?
They can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and folate, and cause marked constipation.
What is the mechanism of action of Fibrates?
They increase lipolysis by enhancing transcription of lipoprotein lipase, increasing uptake of LDLs, and decreasing production of VLDLs.
What are some side effects of Ezetimibe?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and it should be avoided in lactating women as it can pass into milk.
What are some side effects of Fibrates?
Myositis, increased production of bile leading to gallstones, and rare renal failure.
How long can it take before drug treatment for hypercholesterolaemia is commenced?
Up to 6 months, unless it's a severe case.
What is the effect of Fibrates on VLDLs and triglycerides?
Marked decrease in VLDLs and triglycerides, moderate decrease in LDLs, and small decrease in HDLs.
What is required to reduce flushing and palpitations when taking Niacin?
Co-administration of aspirin.
What is the mechanism of action of Ion Exchange Resins?
They irreversibly bind to bile acids and dietary cholesterol in the gut, preventing intestinal cholesterol reabsorption and lowering blood cholesterol.
What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
It blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the duodenum.
Name a few classical agents of statins.
Simvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin.
What should always be the first step in managing hypercholesterolaemia?
Lifestyle modification.
What is the mechanism of action of Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)?
Reduces VLDL production and secretion from the liver, leading to decreased LDL levels.
What is the mechanism of action of statins?
Inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
What major effect do statins have on LDL receptors?
Upregulation of LDL receptors in the liver, meaning more cholesterol is extracted from the blood
What are the side effects of Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)?
High doses required, often not well tolerated so used as last resort; can cause flushing, palpitations, impaired liver function, altered glucose tolerance, and can trigger gout.
