What should you do before pouring liquid medication?
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Gently shake the medication.
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What should you do before pouring liquid medication?
Gently shake the medication.
What should be done if adverse effects or allergic reactions are observed in a patient?
Document and report the adverse effects or allergic reactions to the doctors.
What is a plastic graduated cup used for in medication administration?
For measuring and administering liquid medications.
What knowledge should nurses have regarding safe drug administration?
Nurses should understand pharmacology, including classifications, side effects, and interactions.
What is the function of a pill cutter?
To split tablets into smaller doses.
How often must dangerous drugs in possession of any authorized person be examined?
At least once every month.
What patient data should be gathered before medication administration?
Relative physical examination and laboratory data such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and lab results.
When should the two-cup system be applied?
When you are checking more than one tablet or capsule.
What should be identified to ensure medication safety?
Medication safety risks
What techniques should nurses use during the preparation and administration of medications?
Nurses should use aseptic techniques and minimize distractions.
What should be checked for the validity of a prescription?
Date of commencement with physician’s signature and date of termination with physician’s signature.
What is a STAT order?
A STAT order is any medication that is needed immediately and is to be given only once.
At what level should you read the liquid dispensed in the medicine cup?
At eye level.
What is the generic name for Panadol in the US?
Acetaminophen
What is the term for the condition caused by Thalidomide, characterized by malformed limbs?
Phocomelia.
What are the FIVE rights of medication administration?
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time.
Why is compliance with the Dangerous Drugs Ordnance (DDO) crucial for healthcare professionals?
To ensure the proper and responsible use of drugs, safeguard patient safety, and prevent illegal drug activities.
In what forms can skin applications be administered?
Cream, lotion, ointment, powder, paste, or patch (disk).
What is the origin of the word 'drug'?
It is taken from the French word 'drogue' which means dry herb.
What is a Medication Administration Record (MAR)?
A record required for documenting the administration of medication to a patient.
How many times should you read/check medication labels?
At least THREE times.
What is medicine?
A drug being used for an intended therapeutic effect.
How often should Aspirin 160mg be administered according to the example routine order?
Daily.
Who verifies the prescription and dispenses the medication?
Pharmacist
What are the Five Rights of Medication Administration?
Right patient, Right drug, Right time, Right dose, Right route.
What is a calibrated syringe used for in medication administration?
To measure and administer precise doses of liquid medications.
What should a nurse know about each medication before administration?
The indication, action, side effects, and contraindications.
What should be evaluated in a patient's response to medications?
Evaluate within an appropriate time frame, including bowel movements after laxatives, pain level after analgesics, urine output after diuretics, signs of adverse events, and allergic responses.
What is the chemical name for Panadol?
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide
Give an example of a routine order.
Aspirin 160mg PO daily.
Who should check dangerous drugs?
Two qualified nurses, one of whom should be a Registered Nurse.
What is Minoxidil now used for?
Hair growth to treat baldness.
What is the first step in calculating a dosage if you only need to give 250mg of a medication?
Determine the concentration of the medication available.
What should be reported in addition to adverse effects and allergic reactions?
Report the patient's response to the medication and the care given.
What was Minoxidil initially developed to treat?
Hypertension.
When should medication documentation be completed?
Immediately and accurately for each medication, never delay.
What should be prepared before administering medication?
Necessary equipment, environment, and patient explanation.
What does the abbreviation '1/12' represent?
1 month(s)
How does the concentration of an elixir compare to a suspension?
An elixir is more concentrated than a suspension.
What should be used to verify the right patient?
At least two identifiers.
What is the purpose of the Dangerous Drug Record Book?
To record the balance and administration of dangerous drugs.
What patient information should be documented after medication administration?
The patient's response and any unexpected events.
How should the desired volume of liquid medication be measured?
Ensure the meniscus is aligned with the scale on the medication cup.
What is a prescription?
A physician's order for the preparation and administration of a drug for a patient.
What should be done to the skin surface before applying a transdermal medication?
Clean the skin surface thoroughly.
What is the purpose of a paper soufflé cup in medication administration?
To hold tablets and capsules.
What must nurses ensure when administering drugs under DDO regulations?
Proper storage, preparation, and disposal of drugs.
Where should detailed documentation of medication administration be recorded?
In the patient's medical record.
What are the 'Five Rights' of medication administration?
Right Patient, Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time.
What should be assessed before applying skin medications?
Assess for skin breakdown, lesions, rashes, or erythema.
What is the purpose of a medication cart or drug trolley in medication administration?
To organize and transport medications needed for administration.
How should medications be applied to the skin surfaces?
Medications should be applied evenly to skin surfaces.
What technique should be used when applying medication to an open wound?
Use sterile technique.
What is the purpose of the HA Medication Safety Bulletin from May 2012?
To alert about risks associated with blister packing.
What should you do with all calculations before administering medication?
Double-check all calculations and verify with a second nurse.
What type of cup should be used for measuring liquid medication?
A graduated medicine cup.
What does the abbreviation '/7' represent?
day(s)
What is the third check in the medication administration process?
Before returning the medication back to its storage place.
Why is continuous education important for nurses in the context of medication safety?
Nurses need to engage in ongoing training related to medication safety.
In what forms are eye instillations available?
Drops and ointments.
Why is it important to verify the concentration of the medication before administering a dose?
To ensure the correct amount is given and to avoid underdosing or overdosing the patient.
What is the generic name for Panadol in the UK?
Paracetamol
What is the main topic of the HA Medication Safety Bulletin from May 2012, Vol. 4?
Risk alert regarding blister packing.
What type of packaging is highlighted in the May 2012 HA Medication Safety Bulletin?
Blister packing.
What does the abbreviation '2/52' represent?
2 week(s)
What effects do skin applications mainly produce?
Mainly local effects and some with systemic effects.
When was the HA Medication Safety Bulletin on blister packing published?
May 2012, Vol. 4.
What should be done before administering drugs?
Check and administer the drugs with a qualified nurse.
What should be documented if a medication is withheld or refused by the patient?
The reasons for withholding or the patient refusing the medication.
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a liquid mixture where the medicine is mixed with a liquid, usually water, in which it cannot dissolve and remains as small particles.
What is the purpose of Cup 2 in the two-cup system?
Cup 2 is for the newly checked medication that has not completed the 3-checks and 5-rights.
What should be evaluated after administering medication to a patient?
The patient's condition
When is the chemical name of a drug used?
When the drug is marketed.
What is an adverse effect?
An adverse effect is an undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient, which is more severe and life-threatening, and may require immediate attention.
What necessary assessments should be done for medication administration?
Assessments such as H’stix, BP, lab results, etc.
What does the Dangerous Drugs Ordnance (DDO) (Cap 134) govern in Hong Kong?
The import, export, manufacture, sale, possession, and use of dangerous drugs.
What is a drug?
A chemical that alters an organism’s function, which may or may not have a therapeutic (beneficial) effect.
What are the responsibilities of nurses regarding safe drug administration?
Monitoring and documentation, reporting and communication, advocacy, continuous education, and collaboration.
What should nurses do to ensure accurate monitoring and documentation in drug administration?
Observe for reactions and document accurately.
What does the abbreviation 'PO' stand for in drug administration?
Per oral (by mouth).
What is the second check in the medication administration process?
After preparing the medication in the medication cup.
What are the 'Three Checks' in medication administration?
The 'Three Checks' involve verifying the medication three times before administration.
What tools should be used for applying skin medications?
Use dressing applicators or gauze swabs and renew the swab for additional application.
What must nurses do before administering a suspension to a patient?
Nurses should shake the suspension well before administering it.
What should you do before returning the medication to the drawer?
Perform the first check.
What should be checked regarding the expiration of medication?
Expiry date on the drug packing and/or drug label, and issue date of the medication on the drug label if the expiry date is not available.
What should be done with excess liquid medication?
Discard it into another cup or use a calibrated syringe to draw it out.
Where can you find the dosage calculation picture for amoxicillin?
Retrieved from https://starhealth24.com/shop/amoxicillin/
Which abbreviation should not be used for 'night'?
N
What is a medication cup used for?
To hold and administer medications.
How many patient identifiers should be used before administering medication?
At least TWO patient identifiers.
What was an unwanted side effect of Minoxidil that was later considered beneficial?
Hair growth.
What is the first check in the medication administration process?
Before getting the medication from its container or packing.
What is the dosage and frequency for Amoxycillin (Amoxil) as per the given implementation?
500mg, 3 times a day (TDS).
Who administers the medication to the patient?
Nurses
How do nurses advocate for patients' rights regarding medication safety?
By advocating for patients' rights regarding medication safety.
What are the '3 checks' and '5 rights' in medication administration?
The '3 checks' involve checking the medication three times before administration, and the '5 rights' include the right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time.
What is the issue number of the HA Risk Alert released in April 2024?
Issue 73
What information must be included in a prescription?
The patient's name, drug name, dose, route, frequency, and physician's signature.
What are some examples of patient responses to medications that should be evaluated?
Bowel movements after laxatives, pain level after analgesics, and urine output after diuretics.
Name three examples of dangerous drugs.
Morphine, Ketamine, Diazepam.
Who is responsible for prescribing medications?
Physician
What is an elixir?
An elixir is a liquid mixture where active ingredients are dissolved in a syrup or alcohol.
What is the nurse's responsibility when errors or adverse reactions occur?
Report errors and adverse reactions promptly.
Give an example of a transdermal patch and its use.
A nicotine patch is used for the cessation of tobacco smoking.
Where can you find the concentration information for a medication like amoxicillin?
On the medication label or the prescribing information, such as from a reliable source like https://starhealth24.com/shop/amoxicillin/
What is the purpose of Cup 1 in the two-cup system?
Cup 1 is for already checked medications.
What principles should be followed during medication administration?
Safe administration principles
How are eye drops typically administered?
Eye drops are administered by tilting the head back, pulling down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket, and placing the prescribed number of drops into the pocket.
When should the validity of a prescription be checked?
During the first check.
What should be provided to the patient regarding their medication?
Appropriate drug education.
Who assigns the brand (trade) name of a drug?
The drug manufacturer.
What are the Five Rights of Medication Administration?
Right patient, Right drug, Right time, Right dose, Right route.
When should Cefazolin be administered according to the single order example?
When the operation theatre calls the ward staff that the patient is going to be sent for surgery.
What past history should be reviewed during the assessment?
Medical history, allergy history (food and drug), medication history, any adverse drug reactions.
What does the abbreviation 'qd' stand for in medication administration?
Daily (not used in HA hospitals).
What is the 'Right to refuse' in medication administration?
Acknowledging that patients can and do refuse to take medication.
What is the final step in implementing a dosage calculation?
Divide the prescribed dosage by the dosage per tablet or capsule to find the number of tablets or capsules to be given.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'intravenous' or 'intramuscular'?
V / M / IVI / IMI
What should be done to confirm the medication administration process?
Sign-on/sign-off date.
What is the brand name for Acetaminophen/Paracetamol?
Panadol
What is a routine order in drug administration?
Orders not written as STAT or PRN, usually carried out within 2 hours of the time the order is written by the doctor.
What is a pill crusher used for?
To crush tablets into a powder form for easier administration.
What should nurses include in a thorough patient assessment for safe drug administration?
Nurses should include allergies and current medications in their assessment.
When should the balance of dangerous drugs be checked?
After each administering and at regular time intervals.
What is the origin of the word 'medicine'?
It is derived from Latin meaning 'healing, or physician'.
What does 'TDS' mean in the context of drug administration?
Three times a day.
Why is accurate record-keeping of drug administration details important?
For patient monitoring and accountability.
What should be checked to ensure the right drug?
Both drug packing and prescription.
What is an adverse medication reaction?
An adverse medication reaction is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use.
How should the right dose be verified?
Verify the dosage in the cup at the 2nd and 3rd dose.
What is the formula to calculate the number of capsules to be given?
Number of capsules to be given = (Prescribed dosage) / (Dosage per capsule)
What should you do before proceeding to subsequent medication or to the patient?
Perform the third check.
How are drops administered to both ears?
Drops are administered to both ears by repeating the ear drop procedure for each ear separately.
What are some common types of dangerous drugs?
Opium poppy, opium, morphine, heroin, narcotic analgesics, ketamine.
Give examples of drugs in Category 1 in Hong Kong.
Anti-hypertensive drugs, oral anti-diabetics, tranquillizers.
What does PRN medication stand for and when is it needed?
PRN stands for 'as necessary' or 'as required' medication, and it is needed based on the patient's condition.
What indicates a patient's allergy status on their bracelet?
A red button.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'bedside' or 'right eye'?
BE / RE / LE
What does 'prn' stand for?
When needed/necessary.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'daily'?
QD, Q.D., qd, q.d., od, O.D.
What is an example of a Schedule II controlled substance?
Morphine.
What is an example of a trailing zero after a decimal point that should not be used?
5.0 mg
What does 'SC' stand for in medication administration?
Subcutaneous
What are the main objectives of the Dangerous Drugs Ordnance (DDO) (Cap 134)?
To control and prevent drug abuse and trafficking.
What does the abbreviation '5/7' represent?
5 day(s)
What should you ask the patient regarding allergies before administering medication?
Ask if the patient has any medication allergies.
How should each type of transdermal medication be applied?
Each type of medication should be applied according to its specific directions.
What was Thalidomide initially used to treat?
Morning sickness in pregnant women.
Where should all dangerous drugs be kept?
In a double door cabinet with double locks.
Why must nurses have accurate measurements when administering an elixir?
Due to the high drug concentration in elixirs.
Where should the medicine cup be placed when pouring liquid medication?
On a flat and firm surface.
What aspects of drug use do nurses educate patients on?
Purpose, dosage, side effects, and precautions.
How do nurses collaborate to ensure safe drug administration practices?
By working with healthcare professionals to ensure safe practices.
What is the 'Right reason' in medication administration?
The medication should be given for the correct reason based on the patient's condition.
Should eye medication be used for both eyes if only one is affected?
No, use ONLY for the affected eye.
What should be checked to confirm a patient's identity during the assessment step?
Check the prescription carefully and make sure all MAR forms belong to the same patient.
What legislation specifies dangerous drugs or substances?
Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Cap 134).
What step involves setting goals and desired outcomes for medication administration?
Planning.
How can organisms be transferred to a patient during medication administration?
Organisms can be transferred to a patient during medication administration through contaminated equipment, improper hand hygiene, or non-sterile techniques.
What does the abbreviation 'PO' stand for in drug orders?
'PO' stands for 'per oral,' meaning the medication is taken by mouth.
What information must be checked regarding allergies before administering medication?
Allergy status.
What are controlled substances?
Medications that are regulated by law due to their potential for abuse and dependence.
What ensures that the patient receives the correct amount of medication?
Right dose.
What role do pharmacists play in the sale of drugs under supervised sales?
Pharmacists ensure that drugs under supervised sales are dispensed correctly and provide necessary information to the patient about their use.
What is the meaning of 'mane' in medication administration?
Next morning.
What is an example of a Schedule V controlled substance?
Cough preparations with less than 200 milligrams of codeine per 100 milliliters.
What does 'PR' stand for in medication administration?
Per rectum
What does 'gutt/gtt' stand for in drug preparation?
Drop
What does 'supp' stand for in drug preparation?
Suppository
What is a measuring spoon used for in medication administration?
To measure and administer liquid medications accurately.
Which types of medication orders require special attention in documentation?
PRN medication, stat, and once-only orders.
Who assigns the generic (nonproprietary) name of a drug?
The U.S. Adopted Names Council (USAN).
What precaution should be taken during the application of skin medications?
Wear gloves during application as part of standard precautions.
What formula can be used to calculate the correct dosage if you need to administer 250mg?
Dosage required (mg) / Concentration of medication (mg/mL) = Volume to administer (mL)
What does the abbreviation '/12' represent?
month(s)
What is essential to perform accurately before administering medication?
Accurate dosage calculation.
What is cross-infection in the context of medication administration?
Cross-infection refers to the transfer of harmful organisms from one patient to another during the administration of medication.
What does PRN stand for in medication orders?
PRN stands for 'pro re nata,' which means 'as required' by the patient's condition.
Is it safe to share eye medication with others?
No, do not share medication with others.
What does 'Q2H' indicate in a drug order?
'Q2H' indicates that the medication should be administered every 2 hours.
What is the 'Right response' in medication administration?
Monitoring for the appropriate response by the patient after medication administration.
What should be verified to ensure the correct medication is given?
Right drug.
What does 'on call' mean in the context of the drug order?
When called.
What does the abbreviation 'Q4H' mean in medication frequency?
'Q4H' means the medication should be taken every 4 hours.
Which step involves recording all aspects of the medication administration process?
Documentation.
What must be verified to ensure the right drug is administered?
The right drug.
Give an example of a Category 2 drug in Hong Kong.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
What does 'tds' stand for?
Three times a day.
What is an example of a Schedule IV controlled substance?
Diazepam (Valium).
What does 'q4h' stand for?
Every 4 hours.
What does 'cap' stand for in drug preparation?
Capsule
What does 'syr' stand for in drug preparation?
Syrup
What should be done if there are any irregularities or non-compliance with the Ordinance?
The Department of Health must be notified immediately.
What adverse effect was later discovered with Thalidomide?
It caused the birth of thousands of babies with malformed limbs.
What does the abbreviation '/52' represent?
week(s)
When should you pour the required dosage into the cup?
After getting the medication out from the drug cart.
What should nurses inform patients about regarding their medications?
Nurses should inform patients about the purpose and side effects of their medications.
What is a side effect?
A side effect can be both therapeutic and harmful and is an undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient.
What are the steps to follow for the subsequent medication in Cup 2?
Perform the 3-checks and 5-rights before transferring it to Cup 1.
Why is it important to check the route of administration for the same drug?
Because the same drug may have different routes.
What should you do if the drug allergy information on the MAR is left blank?
Do not administer the medication.
How should medicines in Category 1 be labelled in Hong Kong?
With the words 'prescription drugs 處方藥物'.
What are the key steps in the implementation of administering eye or ear drops?
The key steps include verifying the medication, washing hands, positioning the patient, administering the drops, and ensuring the patient remains in position for a few minutes to allow absorption.
How can you verbally confirm a patient's allergy status?
By asking the patient if he/she is communicable.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'micrograms'?
Mcg / μg
Why is it important to assess a patient's knowledge and understanding of medication therapy?
To ensure the patient is informed and can comply with the medication regimen.
What is the dosage and frequency for Paracetamol (Panadol) in the given example?
500mg every 4 hours (Q4H) or as necessary (PRN).
What are some additional effects of ketamine?
It blocks normal thinking and most sensory input, and brings on temporary memory loss.
What information about previous medication must be checked before administering a new dose?
Previous dosage taken.
What is an example of a Schedule III controlled substance?
Anabolic steroids.
What is an example of an omission of zero before a decimal point that should not be used?
.5 mg
What does 'mcg' stand for in drug dosage?
Microgram
Which organizations routinely describe a medication by its generic name?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
What system should be used if more than one tablet or capsule is to be given?
The Two-cup system.
What should nurses do if they encounter discrepancies, errors, or suspected drug diversion?
Promptly report them to maintain integrity and patient safety.
What is a single order in drug administration?
A drug that is to be given only once and at a specific time.
What are the steps of the Nursing Process for Medication Administration?
Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Documentation.
What does 'PO' stand for in medical prescriptions?
'PO' stands for per oral, meaning the medication is to be taken by mouth.
How should the patient be positioned for eye instillation?
In a supine position or sitting back in a chair with the head slightly hyperextended.
What should be checked regarding the patient's identity before administering medication?
Right patient.
What is the dosage and frequency for the drug Piriton in the given example?
Piriton 4mg to be administered immediately (stat).
What should the patient do after eye drops are instilled?
Close their eyes gently without squeezing the eyelids shut and blink.
Do drugs in Category 2 in Hong Kong require a doctor’s prescription?
No, but they have to be sold in registered pharmacies under the direction and supervision of registered pharmacists.
What does 'to O.T.' refer to in the drug order?
To operation theatre.
What should be considered in the treatment plan during the assessment?
Scheduled tests or procedures that require fasting (NPO – Nil per oral/mouth) or omitting drugs.
How should eye ointments be applied?
Apply a thin stream evenly on the conjunctiva moving from the inner canthus to the outer canthus.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'every other day'?
QOD, Q.O.D., q.o.d., qod
Which abbreviation should not be used for 'intra-arterial'?
IA
What does 'om' stand for in medication administration?
In the morning.
What does 'mg' stand for in drug dosage?
Milligram
What is an important step a nurse should take if a medication needs to be withheld?
Make an appropriate judgment to withhold the medication if needed.
What factors should be considered to ensure the right time for medication administration?
Frequency, last dosage time, and duration.
For what conditions are eye instillations typically prescribed?
Eye infections, glaucoma, or after cataract extraction.
What should you do after preparing the medication in the medication cup?
Perform the second check.
How are drops administered to both eyes?
Drops are administered to both eyes by repeating the eye drop procedure for each eye separately.
How are side effects studied?
Side effects are studied during clinical trials and drug development to weigh the benefits of the medication versus the risks.
When should eye medication be discarded after opening?
30 days after opening or according to the drug prescription or p.r.n.
What is the dosage of Cefazolin in the given single order?
1 gram.
What is the effect of narcotic analgesics on the brain?
They slow down or depress the actions of the brain.
How do side effects compare to adverse effects in terms of severity?
Side effects are mild and self-resolving when compared to adverse effects, which are more severe and life-threatening.
Where should eye drops be instilled?
Into the lower conjunctival sac.
Why are some drugs classified under supervised sales?
Some drugs are classified under supervised sales to ensure they are used safely and appropriately, even though they do not require a prescription.
What ensures that medication is administered via the correct method?
Right route.
What does 'nocte' indicate in medication administration?
At night.
What must be confirmed to ensure the medication is administered via the correct method?
The right route.
Is it necessary to state the condition for which the medication is given?
Not necessarily stated.
What does 'q12h' mean in the context of medication administration?
Every 12 hours.
What is the chemical name of a drug?
The name assigned using standard nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
What are the key steps in the medication administration process?
Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Documentation.
What does the prescription 'Syrup Potassium Chloride (KCL) 2 gram PO Q2H x 3 doses stat' mean?
It means Syrup KCL 2 grams to be administered immediately by oral route at 10:00 (1st dose), 12:00 (2nd dose), 14:00 (3rd dose) then stop.
What is an example of a single order for a patient going to surgery?
Cefazolin 1 gram IV x 1 on call to O.T.
What is required for drugs in Category 1 in Hong Kong?
They must be dispensed and sold on a doctor’s prescription in registered pharmacies under the direct supervision of registered pharmacists.
What aspects of a patient's current condition should be assessed?
Patient’s general condition, mental state, clinical status, diagnosis, lab results, level of cooperation and compliance, swallowing ability, etc.
When would a nurse administer a PRN medication?
When the patient requests it or if the patient has not had a bowel movement for 2 days as recorded.
What should be reinforced after the application of eye ointment?
Safety precautions.
What is the difference between generic and brand-name medications?
Generic medications contain the same active ingredients as brand-name medications but are typically less expensive.
What is the second step in implementing a dosage calculation?
Find out the dosage per tablet or capsule.
How should medicines in Category 2 be labelled in Hong Kong?
With the words 'Drug under Supervised Sales 監督售賣藥物'.
Can adverse effects hinder the treatment?
Yes, adverse effects can hinder the treatment and lead to more complications.
What are other categories of controlled substances besides narcotic analgesics and central nervous system depressants?
Stimulants, hypnotics, tranquilizers, and sedatives.
What is required from the doctor for the sign-off process?
Doctor’s signature and sign-off date.
What does 'qid' mean in the context of medication administration?
Four times per day.
What does 'g' stand for in drug dosage?
Gram
What does 'LA' stand for in medication administration?
Local application
What should be done after completing the checking of the medication in Cup 2?
Pour the medication back into Cup 1.
What should you do after calculating the dosage to ensure accuracy?
Double-check the calculation and verify with another healthcare professional if possible.
What does 'Right (appropriate) assessment data' refer to in medication administration?
Using the correct assessment data to determine the need for the medication.
What is the first step in the Nursing Process for Medication Administration?
Assessment.
What are unwanted effects related to the administration of medication?
Unwanted effects related to the administration of medication can include side effects, adverse reactions, and complications from improper administration techniques.
What is a drug under supervised sales?
A drug under supervised sales is a medication that can be sold without a prescription but must be dispensed by a pharmacist or under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Which step of the Nursing Process for Medication Administration involves carrying out the planned interventions?
Implementation.
What is ketamine classified as?
A central nervous system depressant.
Where can allergy signage be found in a patient's room?
On the Smart Panel.
What must be followed for Category 2 drugs to avoid health risks?
The method of use and dosage.
Which should be instilled first if both an ointment and drops are ordered?
The drops should be instilled first.
What are Category 3 medicines often used for in Hong Kong?
To treat or alleviate minor illnesses.
What does 'cc' stand for in drug dosage?
Cubic centimeter
What does 'PO' stand for in medication administration?
By mouth / Per oral
How are ear drops typically administered?
Ear drops are administered by tilting the head to the side, pulling the ear lobe to open the ear canal, and placing the prescribed number of drops into the ear.
What should you do if the allergy status of a patient is unknown?
Do not administer the medication.
What must be ensured after administering medication to the patient?
Ensure the patient has taken all the medication.
What is a prescription drug?
A prescription drug is a medication that can only be obtained with a written order from a licensed healthcare provider.
What must be done before administering medication with potential allergic reactions?
Confirm with the doctor.
Are adverse effects typically studied during drug development?
No, adverse effects are not typically studied during drug development.
What does the 'Right to education' entail in medication administration?
Ensuring the patient receives accurate and thorough information about the medication.
What step involves determining the effectiveness of the medication administration?
Evaluation.
Do side effects hamper the main treatment?
No, side effects do not hamper the main treatment.
What are the five schedules of controlled substances?
Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV, and Schedule V, with Schedule I having the highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
What is the meaning of 'bd' in medication administration?
Twice a day.
What necessary assessments should be done before administering medication?
BP, lab results.
What does the abbreviation 'IM' stand for in medication administration?
Intramuscular
What does the duration '3/7' indicate in medication administration?
3 days in a week.
What does 'mL' stand for in drug dosage?
Milliliter
What should be performed before eye instillation if necessary?
Eye swabbing.
What types of injuries can occur during medication administration?
Injuries during medication administration can include physical harm from incorrect administration techniques, such as needle sticks, or complications from incorrect dosages.
What is an example of a PRN order?
A doctor prescribing a laxative to a patient with constipation: 'Lactulose 10 ml PO BD PRN.'
What information do you need to calculate the number of capsules to be given?
Prescribed dosage and dosage per capsule.
Which abbreviations should not be used for 'units'?
U / I.U.
How long should you wait before administering the next eye medication if more than one is prescribed?
At least 5 minutes.
What does 'stat' mean in the context of medication administration?
Immediately; at once.
What should be done after instilling eye drops?
Gently compress the tear duct.
What are over-the-counter (OTC) medications?
Medications that can be purchased without a prescription.
Where can Category 3 medicines be sold in Hong Kong?
In pharmacies or medicine stores without resident pharmacists.
Give examples of Category 3 drugs in Hong Kong.
Drugs for common cold, antipyretics, and painkillers.
What does 'IV' stand for in medication administration?
Intravenous
What does 'PV' stand for in medication administration?
Per vagina
What does 'tab' stand for in drug preparation?
Tablet
What is meant by 'Right documentation' in medication administration?
Properly documenting the medication given and monitoring the patient's response.
Where should you avoid instilling eye medication directly?
Directly onto the cornea.
What are the two identifiers used to ensure the right patient in medication administration?
At least two identifiers.
Who can authorize the sale of prescription drugs?
Only licensed healthcare providers can authorize the sale of prescription drugs.
What ensures that medication is given at the correct time?
Right time.
What is required from the doctor for the sign-on process?
Doctor’s signature and sign-on date.
What is the route of administration for Cefazolin in the given order?
Intravenous (IV).
What must be confirmed to ensure the right dosage is administered?
The right dosage.
What should be avoided to prevent contamination during eye instillation?
Avoid contaminating the dropper or ointment tube.
What should be checked regarding the medication's validity?
Expiry date or issue date of medication.
What does 'q2h' indicate in medication administration?
Every 2 hours.
What does 'SL' stand for in medication administration?
Sublingual
What should be checked regarding allergy status?
Allergy status on the MAR form with physician’s signature.
What are the main categories of medications?
Prescription medications, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and controlled substances.
What is the first step in implementing a dosage calculation?
Determine the prescribed dosage.
What is the main difference between prescription drugs and drugs under supervised sales?
Prescription drugs require a written order from a healthcare provider, while drugs under supervised sales can be sold without a prescription but must be dispensed by a pharmacist or under supervision.
What effect does ketamine generate?
A 'dissociative' effect, making the mind feel 'separate' from the body.
Where should allergy status be documented with a physician's signature?
In MAR forms.
What is an example of a Schedule I controlled substance?
Heroin.
What patient information is crucial to check before administering medication?
Allergy status.
What is the final step in the medication administration process?
Implementation.
What is the meaning of 'q6h' in medication administration?
Every 6 hours.
What must be confirmed to ensure the medication is administered at the correct time?
The right time.
