During which week do limbs undergo distal growth and differentiation?
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5th week.
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During which week do limbs undergo distal growth and differentiation?
5th week.
Where do ventral muscles lie in relation to long bones in anatomical position?
Anterior to the long bones.
What is the primary function of the interossei muscles in the hand?
They help the lumbricals to extend the IP joints and flex the MCP joints.
What are the divisions of the Brachial Plexus?
Anterior (ventral) division and Posterior (dorsal) division.
What is the primary function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Wrist flexion and radial deviation.
What are the three muscles associated with the pinky?
Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi.
What are limbs considered as in relation to the body?
Outgrowths of the ventral body wall.
Where do dorsal muscles lie in relation to long bones in anatomical position?
Posterior to the long bones.
What is the orientation of the radius?
Posterior.
What are the roots of the Lateral Pectoral Nerve?
C5, C6, C7.
What is the primary function of the anterior compartment muscles?
Flexors of the forearm.
Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm is innervated by the Ulnar nerve?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
What is the orientation of the hand?
Posterior.
What degrees does Dr. Brijendra Singh hold?
MBBS, MS, DNB, MNAMS.
What is the function of the Thoracodorsal Nerve?
Supplies the Latissimus dorsi.
What does the acronym MMMMU represent in the Medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Ulnar nerve, and Medial root of Median nerve.
What nerves are included in the Posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Lower subscapular nerve, Upper subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, and Radial nerve.
What is the orientation of the forearm?
Anterior.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve.
What is the root composition of the Medial Pectoral Nerve?
C8, T1.
What muscles does the Axillary Nerve supply?
Deltoid and Teres minor.
What are the components of the Lateral cord in the brachial plexus?
Lateral Pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, and lateral root of Median nerve.
What are the cords of the Brachial Plexus?
Lateral (Lat), Posterior (Post), Medial (Med).
Which nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?
Upper subscapular nerve.
What is the function of the Musculocutaneous nerve?
It innervates muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the pectoral muscles?
Lateral Pectoral nerve and Medial pectoral nerve.
What is the nerve supply for the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7).
What is the anterior compartment of the forearm responsible for?
Flexion of the wrist and fingers.
What is the primary structure discussed in this content?
Brachial Plexus (branches).
What are the two types of layers in the flexor compartment?
Superficial and Deep layers.
What nerves are included in the Posterior cord of the Brachial plexus?
Lower subscapular nerve, Upper subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve.
Which muscles are supplied by the Lower Subscapular Nerve?
Subscapularis and teres major.
What are the trunks of the Brachial Plexus?
Upper (U), Middle (M), Lower (L).
What are the two types of interossei muscles in the hand?
Palmar interossei and dorsal interossei.
What are the two compartments of the arm muscles?
Anterior and Posterior compartments.
Which nerve innervates the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial Nerve (RN).
Which metacarpal is referred to as the 5th metacarpal?
The bone associated with the little finger.
What is the nerve supply for Flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve.
Which nerves supply the flexor compartment of the forearm?
Median nerve, Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN), and Ulnar nerve.
What does the acronym MMMMU represent in the Medial cord of the Brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Ulnar nerve, Medial root of Median nerve.
What is unique about the Upper Subscapular Nerve?
It is smaller and frequently double.
What is the clinical importance of understanding nerves and blood vessels in the upper limb?
It helps in diagnosing and treating injuries and conditions affecting the upper limb.
Which muscle is innervated by the Ulnar nerve and is part of the deep muscles of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half).
Which nerve innervates the Adductor pollicis?
Ulnar nerve (deep branch).
What nerve innervates the Levator Scapulae and Rhomboids?
Dorsal Scapular nerve.
What is the mnemonic for remembering the Posterior cord of the Brachial plexus?
LUNAR.
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
Name a muscle that originates on the scapula and is part of the rotator cuff.
Supraspinatus.
What is the role of Pectoralis Minor regarding the scapula?
It moves the scapula.
Who is the professor and Head of Department of Anatomy at AIIMS Rishikesh?
Dr. Brijendra Singh.
What significant change occurs in the limbs during the 7th week?
Rotation.
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the pinky (little finger)?
Ulnar nerve.
What is the nerve supply for Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve.
What are the two main compartments of the forearm?
Flexor Compartment and Posterior Extensor Compartment.
What muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?
Latissimus dorsi muscle.
What is the function of the Extensor carpi radialis Longus?
Wrist extension and abduction.
What are the components of the Lateral cord of the Brachial plexus?
Lateral Pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of Median nerve.
What is the orientation of the arm?
Anterior.
Which nerve innervates the radius?
Radial nerve.
What muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
Where is the lateral epicondyle located?
At the outer part of the elbow, serving as an origin point for several extensor muscles.
What is the role of the Brachioradialis?
Flexes the elbow, especially when the forearm is in a mid-pronated position.
Which muscles are present in the anterolateral aspect of the forearm?
Brachioradialis and supinator.
What is the significance of the stern in gross anatomy?
It serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.
Which nerve supplies the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
Pectoral nerve.
Which nerves are responsible for innervating the subscapularis muscles?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves.
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis muscles?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
Which muscles are innervated by the Subscapular Nerves?
Subscapularis and Teres major.
Which nerves innervate the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles?
Suprascapular nerve.
Where is the posterior radius found?
At the back of the forearm.
Which nerve pierces the scalene medius and supplies the rhomboids and levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve.
Where do most superficial flexors of the forearm originate?
From a common origin at the medial epicondyle.
What is the significance of the Medial Epicondyle?
It serves as the origin for several forearm flexors.
What is the function of the Flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexes the thumb.
Which nerves supply the Subscapularis and Teres Major muscles?
Subscapular nerves.
What are lumbricals responsible for in the hand?
Flexing the MCP joints and extending the IP joints.
Which nerve primarily innervates the ulnar side of the hand?
The ulnar nerve.
What is the primary function of the radial nerve?
Motor innervation to the posterior compartment.
What does the Axillary Nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor.
How many pronators are found in the flexor compartment?
Two pronators.
Which nerves supply the 4 Lumbricals?
Median and Ulnar nerves.
What is the role of the thoracodorsal nerve?
Innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle.
What is the function of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand and provides sensation to the medial side of the hand.
Which muscle is responsible for moving the arm and originates on the scapula?
Infraspinatus.
Which muscle is involved in moving the scapula and is known for its serrated appearance?
Serratus Ventralis.
What are the roots of the Brachial Plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1.
What is the essential rule regarding ventral and dorsal limb muscles?
Ventral muscles lie anteriorly, while dorsal muscles lie posteriorly.
Which metacarpal is mentioned?
5th metacarpal.
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
Four.
Which nerve innervates the Abductor pollicis brevis?
Median nerve.
What bone is located in the forearm and is on the medial side?
Ulna.
Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
What is the brachial plexus?
A network of nerves that supplies the upper limb.
What is the nerve supply for Flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
Which muscle is responsible for extending the index finger?
Extensor indicis.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the posterior arm and forearm?
Radial nerve.
What is the significance of the long thoracic nerve?
It supplies the serratus anterior muscle.
What are the two types of interossei muscles in the hand?
Palmar and Dorsal Interossei.
Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm is primarily responsible for flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
What is the role of the long thoracic nerve?
Innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
What sensory supply does the Axillary Nerve provide?
Skin of the lower part covering the deltoid.
What is the orientation of the humerus?
Anterior.
What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?
Deltoid and teres minor muscles.
What is the location of the anterior humerus?
It is located at the front of the upper arm.
How many palmar interossei muscles are there?
Three.
Which muscles does the Lateral Pectoral Nerve supply?
Pectoralis major and minor.
Which muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and is located in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
What movements do the palmar interossei facilitate?
Adduction of the fingers.
What is the role of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
To extend and abduct the wrist.
Which muscle is deep to other flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis.
Which nerve is associated with the ulnar aspect?
Ulnar.
What nerves innervate the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles?
Suprascapular nerves.
Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
What are the two types of layers in the posterior extensor compartment?
Superficial and Deep layers.
What is the mnemonic for remembering the Medial cord of the Brachial plexus?
MMMU.
What nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the flexor muscles of the forearm?
Medial nerve.
Which nerve supplies the Trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve.
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial arm?
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve.
Which muscle originates on the scapula and helps move the arm?
Subscapularis.
Which muscle helps move the scapula and is also involved in shoulder movements?
Trapezius.
What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor carpi radialis Longus & Brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris.
What are the roots that contribute to the phrenic nerve?
C5.
What is the primary function of the extensor digitorum?
To extend the fingers.
What does 'BP' stand for?
Brachial Plexus.
What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Muscles such as biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, along with associated nerves and blood vessels.
Which nerves innervate both the subscapularis and teres major muscles?
Lower subscapular nerve.
Which muscles are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN)?
Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor indicis.
Which muscle is responsible for pronation and is innervated by the Median nerve?
Pronator teres.
Which nerve supplies the Opponens pollicis?
Median nerve.
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1.
Which roots contribute to the nerve to subclavius?
C5 and C6.
What is the primary action of the Extensor pollicis longus?
Extension of the thumb.
Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles?
Axillary nerve.
Which compartment of the arm is primarily innervated by the median nerve?
Anterior compartment.
What is the essential focus of gross anatomy in relation to the upper limb?
Understanding the muscle compartments and their innervation.
What is the function of the axillary nerve?
Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
How many branches does the Brachial Plexus have?
14 branches.
What muscle inserts on the scapula and is responsible for moving it?
Rhomboids.
Where is the Flexor Retinaculum located?
It is a fibrous band on the anterior wrist.
What is the primary function of the posterior compartment muscles?
Extensors of the forearm.
What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Muscles such as triceps brachii and associated nerves and blood vessels.
Which nerve is associated with Erb's Point?
Nerve to subclavius.
Which muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm assists in flexing the elbow?
Brachioradialis.
What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
What is the role of the Adductor pollicis?
Adducts the thumb.
Which nerve supplies the Teres Minor muscle?
Axillary nerve.
Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve.
What is the nerve supply for Pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
What is the significance of the posterior compartment of the arm?
It is primarily innervated by the radial nerve.
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis major and minor muscles?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the rhomboid muscles?
Dorsal scapular nerve.
Which nerve innervates the thoracodorsal muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve.
What is the collective name for the muscles that stabilize and move the shoulder joint?
Rotator Cuff.
What nerve supplies the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve.
Which muscle does the Medial Pectoral Nerve pierce?
Pectoralis minor.
What is the role of the Supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
Which nerve innervates the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (MCN).
Which nerves supply the posterior extensor compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve and Posterior Interosseous nerve.
What is the mnemonic for remembering the Lateral cord of the Brachial plexus?
LML.
What is the nerve supply for Flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)?
Anterior interosseous nerve (Median).
What is the function of the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm?
It provides cutaneous sensation.
Which nerve innervates the anconeus?
Radial nerve.
What are the spinal nerve roots that contribute to the Brachial Plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1.
What is the role of the nerve to subclavius?
Innervates the subclavius muscle.
What is the function of Levator Scapulae?
It moves the scapula.
What is the role of the Axillary nerve?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
What movements do the dorsal interossei facilitate?
Abduction of the fingers.
What is the primary function of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Extension of the elbow.
Which nerves innervate the 5th metacarpal?
Ulnar nerve and Median nerve.
What is notable about the posterior compartment in the hand?
There is no posterior compartment in the hand.
How many muscle compartments are there in the upper limb?
Four.
What is the function of the Pronator Teres?
Pronates the forearm.
Which nerve innervates the triceps brachii?
Radial nerve.
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the radial muscles?
Radial nerve.
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
What is the function of Teres Minor?
Moves the arm and originates on the scapula.
What view is used to observe the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Posterior view.
What is the primary function of the ulnar nerve?
Motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
What view is described in the context of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Anterior View.
What nerve innervates the Serratus Anterior muscle?
Long Thoracic nerve.
What is the function of the long thoracic nerve?
Innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
What is the significance of the ulnar nerve?
Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Which muscle partially originates on the scapula and helps move the arm?
Latissimus Dorsi.
