What is the first priority in disaster management?
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The people.
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What is the first priority in disaster management?
The people.
What should food establishment owners always have?
A sanitary permit.
What is the recommended interval for administering paracetamol for side effects like fever?
Every 6 hours for 24 hours.
Who manages the secondary level of health services?
The provincial government, led by the local chief executive or Governor.
What is the role of the Municipal Health Officer (MHO)?
The MHO manages the tertiary level of health services under the Mayor.
What is the first right of food safety?
Right source, meaning all ingredients should be fresh.
What are the three elements of QAE?
Structural elements, outcome elements, and process elements.
What temperature range is suitable for storing heat-sensitive vaccines?
-15°C to -25°C.
What is the role of parenteral oxytocin?
To induce uterine contraction.
What is the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)?
A program that provides health insurance coverage to Filipinos, known as PhilHealth.
What are the four pillars of primary health care?
What are some risk factors for non-communicable diseases?
Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking.
What does the second level assessment involve?
Asking the patient 'why' to understand the reason behind the family's inability.
What is the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
A program aimed at providing mandatory immunization for children below 8 years old.
What are the five elements of the SICAT framework?
Surveillance, IEC (Information, Education, Communication), Cold Chain and Logistics Management, Assessment, and Evaluation.
What is the focus of school nursing?
The health of students and issues related to school-age clients.
What is the goal of the Department of Health (DOH)?
To provide a roadmap for all stakeholders in health management.
What is the required cooking temperature for food safety?
70°C.
What are the different types of families mentioned?
Extended, nuclear, homosexual, single parent, cohabitation, and blended/stepfamilies.
What is the significance of R.A. 11223?
It establishes universal health care, ensuring all Filipinos are enrolled in PhilHealth.
What is the role of a public health nurse?
To work for the government and ensure public health.
What is the significance of micronutrient supplementation?
To improve maternal and child health outcomes.
What is a disaster?
A disruption in society.
What type of toilet facility is associated with a septic tank?
Water sealed or flushed type.
What does Community Health Nursing (CHN) primarily focus on?
Working outside the hospital, mainly with healthy patients.
What does the sex ratio measure?
Balance of male over female.
What is the daily iron and folic acid supplementation recommended during pregnancy?
60 mg iron + 400 mcg folic acid, taken on an empty stomach with orange juice.
What does the second right of food safety entail?
Right preparation, which means proper hand washing.
What was the vision of the Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 regarding primary health care?
Health in the hands of the people.
What does FIFO and FEFO stand for in vaccine management?
FIFO: First In, First Out; FEFO: First Expiry, First Out.
What are the approved types of water facilities?
Protected well and developed spring for point sources; communal faucets for households.
How does PhilHealth determine payment for services?
Through the case rate method, which pays based on diagnosis.
What is a foreseeable crisis?
Anticipated problems that are developmental or social in nature.
What is the vision of the DOH for the Filipino population?
To be considered the healthiest in Southeast Asia by 2022 and in Asia by 2040.
What should be prioritized in developing an operational plan?
Choosing nursing interventions without using ABC or Maslow's hierarchy, but instead using SOLVE.
What is Swaroop’s index used to measure?
Longevity of life by doing a healthy lifestyle.
What is the recommended dosage of Vitamin A during the 4th month of pregnancy?
10,000 IU, 2 times a week.
What does the score for modifiability of the problem indicate?
It indicates how easily the problem can be modified.
What are the recommended action areas to operationalize health promotion?
What is the role of an occupational health nurse?
To ensure the safety of employees and address workplace hazards.
What is the purpose of newborn screening?
To detect genetic disorders; done after 24 hours with a heel prick.
What do process elements in nursing refer to?
The steps of the nursing process that validate assessment or planning.
What are the side effects of the BCG vaccine?
Koch’s phenomenon; it should be kept dry to prevent complications.
What is the standard salary grade for public health nurses?
Grade 15, leading to higher income in public hospitals compared to private ones.
What characterizes kwashiorkor?
Presence of carbohydrates but insufficient protein, leading to symptoms like thin extremities and edema.
What is the formula for calculating prevalence rate?
Total # old + new cases / total persons examined X 100.
What is the significance of P.D. 996 and R.A. 10152?
These laws mandate immunization for children, with R.A. 10152 established in 1976.
What does the crude birth rate measure?
The total number of births per 1,000 people in a population.
What does the crude death rate indicate?
The total number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.
What does BEmOC stand for?
Basic Emergency Obstetrical Care.
What is MMR and what should not be given to pregnant patients?
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; do not give to pregnant patients.
What are the types of occupational hazards?
Physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial hazards.
What are the categories of health problems identified in the assessment?
Wellness state, health deficit, health threat, and foreseeable crisis.
What are examples of Level 1 toilet facilities?
Pit latrines and small amount water toilet facilities.
What does inter-sectoral linkages involve?
Collaboration with external organizations such as government and non-government organizations.
What is 'Sangkap Pinoy'?
A program celebrated twice a year in the Philippines to promote nutrition.
What is the significance of competency-based teaching and learning in education?
It emphasizes that learning is both an art and a science, accommodating different learning styles.
What are the four criteria for assessing a nursing problem?
Nature of problem, Modifiability of problem, Preventive potential, Salience.
How is the score for the nature of the problem determined?
It is based on the type of nursing problem with different weights assigned.
What should be done if a child vomits after receiving OPV?
If vomited within 30 minutes, give another dose; if after 30 minutes, it has been absorbed.
What is performance accountability?
An outcome-based approach to assess the effects of programs on the community.
What does the neonatal mortality rate measure?
The number of deaths of infants below 28 days old per 1,000 live births.
What are the manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency?
What does the Mental Health Act (R.A. 11036) address?
Mental health issues and psychological problems.
What is the recommended distance for toilet facilities from homes?
25 meters away.
What is R.A 8423 known as?
The 'Herbal Medicine Law'.
What is the dosage and route for the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Intramuscular (IM) route, 0.5 ml dosage.
What are the MUAC color codes for malnutrition severity?
Red: severe (<115mm), Yellow: moderate (115-125mm), Green: no malnutrition (>125mm).
What is the significance of administering MMR at 9 and 12 months?
93% protection at 9 months and 97% protection at 12 months.
What is the recommended Vitamin A dosage for infants and children?
100,000 IU for 6-11 months, 200,000 IU for 12-60 months.
What does epidemiology study?
The occurrence and distribution of diseases.
What is the role of vital statistics in community health?
It studies vital events to understand the health situation of the community.
What is the DHb program?
Doctors to the barrios program, where the government pays with a return service of 2 years.
What does the Surveillance element in SICAT involve?
Monitoring the success of vaccines and conducting evaluations.
What is the purpose of iodine (potassium iodide) supplementation during pregnancy?
To prevent goiter; given once for the whole pregnancy.
What does the salience score reflect?
It reflects the client's perception of the problem's immediacy.
What are the two cores for Primary Health Care?
What does the fetal death rate indicate?
The number of intrauterine deaths per 1,000 live births.
What are some disorders detected in the basic newborn screening?
Congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia, G6 PD deficiency, phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease.
What is the most important pillar of primary health care?
Active community participation.
What are the five pillars of health financing?
Health financing, NHIP, universal health care, case rate method, and health regulation.
What are the two types of disasters?
Natural disasters and manmade disasters.
What is the budget allocation for emergency funds during disasters?
The national government has a 2% budget, while LGUs have a 5%; 5% is used first during disasters.
What does P.D. 856 refer to?
The sanitation code.
What is the purpose of setting a goal or first step in planning?
It serves as a guide for the nursing intervention.
What is the goal of Community Health Nursing?
To achieve an optimum level of function (OLOF).
What does HSRA stand for and its purpose?
Health Sector Reform Agenda; it aims to monitor corruption in budgeting.
What does the preventive potential score assess?
It assesses the likelihood of future reoccurrence of the problem.
What do structural elements in QAE refer to?
Physical setting, manpower, money, and materials/equipment.
What is the formula for calculating energy requirements in malnutrition?
ADS = E.P x Dose x W.F (constant 1.1).
What does CEmOC stand for?
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical Care.
What is a non-communicable disease?
Lifestyle-related diseases.
What are the two conditions caused by decreased CHO and CHON?
Marasmus and kwashiorkor.
What is the cost and capability of expanded newborn screening?
Costs 1,500 and can detect 22 genetic disorders.
What does intra-sectoral linkages refer to in primary health care?
Linkages within the Health Care Delivery System (HCDS) involving a referral system from primary to tertiary care.
What is the mission of the Department of Health (DOH)?
To develop a productive, resilient, equitable, and people-oriented health system.
What is the difference between acute and chronic onset of disasters?
Acute is within days to weeks; chronic is within months to years.
What syringe is used for administering the BCG vaccine?
A tuberculin syringe.
What does 'dependent' mean in the context of nursing implementation?
It refers to actions based on the doctor's orders.
What is the role of the local government in health management according to R.A. 7160?
The local government code manages health services through decentralization and devolution.
What is the goal of maternal child health programs?
To reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR) through prenatal checkups.
What type of vaccine is IPV and what is its side effect?
Inactivated Polio Vaccine; side effect is fever.
What does the term 'clients' refer to in this context?
Healthy clients, including individuals and families.
What is the infant mortality rate?
The number of deaths of infants below 1 year old per 1,000 live births.
What does the incidence rate measure?
The number of new cases of a disease per 1,000 people in a population.
What does MUAC stand for and what does it measure?
Mid-Upper Arm Circumference; it measures malnutrition severity.
What is the dosage for the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)?
2 drops.
What are micronutrients and give examples?
Vitamins and minerals.
What is the food establishment class rating for 'A'?
Excellent.
What is the goal of rehabilitation in community health?
To return individuals to a healthy state and prevent complications.
What does SMART stand for in planning?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.
What adverse effects can occur within 3 days of vaccination?
Convulsions and seizures.
What does 'interdependent' care focus on?
Collaborative care among healthcare professionals.
What type of vaccine is OPV and how is it administered?
Oral Polio Vaccine; given on the tongue.
What are the prerequisites for health as outlined in the Ottawa Charter?
How often is a physical assessment done for children in school nursing?
Once a year.
What does the Tetanus toxoid (TT) schedule include for mothers and babies?
TT1 at 1 month after birth, TT2 at 1 year after TT1, TT3 at 1 year after TT2, TT4 at 5 years.
What is the maximum time food can be stored at room temperature?
2 hours.
What is the first step in the family care plan (ADPIE)?
Assessment or data collection.
What is the route and dosage for the BCG vaccine?
Intradermal (ID) route, 0.05 ml dosage.
What is the role of RITM?
Research Institute of Tropical Medicine.
What is the wastage percentage (W%) for the BCG vaccine?
60%.
What is the role of secondary health care facilities?
They can perform common medical diagnostic tests and surgical procedures.
What is meant by 'independent' nursing interventions?
Interventions that nurses can perform within their scope of practice.
What is the best vaccination site for pediatric patients?
Vastus lateralis.
What is the definition of health promotion according to the Ottawa Charter?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
What does QAE stand for?
Quality Assurance Elements.
What is the purpose of the Cold Chain in immunization?
To manage the storage conditions of vaccines, ensuring they remain effective.
What does F1 Plus refer to?
Implementation framework for health sector reform.
What side effect can occur with the MMR vaccine?
Rashes.
What are the two main macronutrients mentioned?
Carbohydrates (CHO) and proteins (CHON).
What is the purpose of the MC booklet?
To teach mothers how to care for their infants.
What is the Pentavalent vaccine?
A combination vaccine that includes DPT, Hepa B, and Hib.
What is R.A 10121?
It pertains to the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.
What is R.A. 8976 known for?
The Food Fortification Program.
What does CASASA stand for in community health characteristics?
Community based, Accessible, Sustainable, Affordable, Self-reliance, Available.
What is the formula used for calculating criteria in nursing?
Implementation, which includes dependent, independent, interdependent, and evaluation.
What is the focus of the Cute si dims program?
Affordable and better quality health services.
What does health service delivery aim to achieve?
Accessibility and availability for everyone.
What is the purpose of evaluation in nursing care?
To check the outcome of the care provided.
What are the characteristics of good governance?
Transparent, accountable, and efficient.
What is the maternal mortality rate?
The number of deaths caused by pregnancy per 1,000 live births.
What is the purpose of prenatal visits?
To address common problems of pregnancy.
What are outcome elements in the context of nursing?
Changes resulting from nursing interventions.
What is BCG vaccine used for?
To prevent TB meningitis, and it should not be given to immunocompromised children.
What are the manifestations of Marasmus?
Thin or skin and bones, wrinkled skin, apathy, prominent ribs.
What must food handlers possess?
A health certificate.
At what ages are the doses for the Pentavalent vaccine administered?
At 6, 10, and 14 weeks.
What is RUTF and its purpose?
Ready to Use Therapeutic Food; it provides complete nutrition for malnourished patients.
What is the significance of junk foods in nutrition?
They provide empty calories with no essential vitamins or minerals.
Who oversees the health center?
The Public Health Nurse (PHN).
What does E.P stand for in the context of target setting?
Eligible Population.
What is the focus of palliative care?
To maintain quality of life.
What is the wastage percentage for the Pentavalent vaccine?
5%.
What is one of the main elements to empower the community?
Education at any level from primary to tertiary.
What is the highest level of health care delivery system?
Tertiary level, which can perform advanced health care procedures.
How is the Annual Vaccine Required (AVR) calculated?
E.P X Dose X W.F (wastage factors).
What activities are involved in health promotion?
Illness prevention, early diagnosis, early screening, and early treatment.
What are some key areas of focus in community health services?
Maternal child health, nutrition, treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
What is the life expectancy of Hong Kong?
85.3 years old.
What types of facilities are involved in the primary level of health care?
Barangay health station (BHS) and Rural Health Unit (RHU) or health center.
Why is sanitation important in community health?
To prevent disease and promote overall health.
What is the primary level of health care focused on?
Basic health care services.
Why should health services be affordable?
To avoid dependency on free services and ensure sustainability.
Which countries in Southeast Asia have the longest life expectancy?
Brunei, Indonesia, and Singapore; Singapore has the longest among them.
What types of hospitals are involved in the tertiary level of health care?
National Medical Hospital and Specialty Hospital.
What is a key characteristic of community-based health services?
Immersing self in the community to understand their livelihood.
What is the life expectancy of the Philippines?
72 years old.
What is the life expectancy of Japan?
85.1 years old.
What are the three functions of the Department of Health (DOH) according to E.O. 102?
What does EPI stand for in community health?
Expanded Program on Immunization.
What types of hospitals are included in the secondary level of health care?
Emergency hospital, Provincial hospital, and District hospital.
Who manages the Barangay health station (BHS) and Rural Health Unit (RHU)?
Managed by Public Health Nurses (PHN) and Barangay Health Workers (BHW).
What is the role of the frontline worker in a health center?
They are the first to take the patient, typically a midwife.