What is a characteristic sign of Rubella?
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Inflammation of the lymph nodes ≥ 1.5 cm, appearing 24 hours before the rash.
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What is a characteristic sign of Rubella?
Inflammation of the lymph nodes ≥ 1.5 cm, appearing 24 hours before the rash.
What does no urine output in 6 hours signify?
Acute kidney injury.
What type of rash is associated with Rubella?
Maculopapular rash that appears on the trunk.
What is the peak age for Roseola Infantum?
6-15 months old.
What virus causes Varicella (chickenpox)?
Varicella-zoster virus.
What is lichenification?
Hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin due to chronic irritation.
Where do rashes typically appear first in Varicella?
On the head with a high concentration on the trunk.
What is Herman’s rash associated with Dengue?
Isles of white on a sea of red.
What is a common treatment for itchiness in viral fever and rash?
Antihistamines.
What is the expected heart rate increase for every 1°C elevation in body temperature above 37.5°C?
10 beats per minute.
What is the most common cause of fever and rash?
Viral infections.
What are common symptoms of Meningococcemia?
Fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and a reddish to purple non-blanching rash.
What is the usual duration of acral ischemia in COVID-19?
10-14 days.
What are some causes of vesicular rashes?
Coxsackie A, Varicella, Chickenpox, and Herpes zoster.
What causes petechiae?
Dengue, Leptospirosis, and Drug Reactions.
What is the significance of abnormal combinations of vital signs in febrile children?
They may point to severe disease or a toxidrome.
What is a common rash associated with Dengue fever?
Maculopapular rash in around half of patients.
What is the most common chief complaint at a sick child consult?
Fever.
Which diseases can cause a maculopapular rash?
Rubeola, Rubella, Parvovirus B19, and Group A Streptococcus.
What is the characteristic rash appearance in Erythema Infectiosum?
Erythematous and macular 'slapped cheek' appearance with circumoral pallor.
What is the triad of symptoms for Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?
Abdominal pain, joint pain, and palpable purpura.
What are some associated symptoms of fever in children?
Headache, altered sensorium, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
What are the symptoms of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by HSV I?
Pain in the mouth, salvation, fetor oris, refusal to eat, and fever.
What are some keywords associated with the prodrome of measles?
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis.
What does the hypotheticodeductive system use to arrive at a judgement?
Logic and probability.
What are the components of the Cushing triad?
Bradycardia, hypertension, and altered breathing.
What are danger signs in the management of an acutely ill febrile child?
Vomiting everything, unable to drink or breastfeed, having a seizure episode, lethargic.
What is Koebnerization?
Auto-inoculation by scratching, transferring bacteria from one area to another.
What is a key symptom of Kawasaki Disease?
Conjunctivitis with limbal sparing.
What is the intuitive system in clinical reasoning?
A fast, automatic process that relies on mental shortcuts.
What is a notable dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19?
Acral ischemia, where digits swell and turn pink, red, or purplish.
What defines a vesicular rash?
A small fluid-filled blister that can range from pinpoint to 5 mm in size.
What should be investigated when headaches occur upon arising in the morning?
Increased intracranial pressure.
What are the initial symptoms of Varicella?
Mild prodrome of fever and malaise for 1-2 days.
What is the incubation period for Varicella?
14-16 days (can range from 10 to 21 days).
What is the etiology of Rubella?
Rubivirus.
What are the characteristics of a maculopapular rash?
Flat and raised lesions of various sizes over one or more areas of the skin.
What is a key prevention strategy for viral infections?
Immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases.
What skin changes can indicate drug abuse?
Petechiae, skin-picking with abscesses, and various rashes depending on the substance.
What is the main difference between Varicella and Zoster (shingles)?
Varicella affects the whole body, while shingles follows dermatomal lines and is painful.
What is the etiologic agent of Meningococcemia?
Neisseria meningitidis.
What defines hyperpyrexia in children?
A body temperature of 41°C or higher.
What is a tell-tale sign of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose.
What is the main characteristic of Herpangina?
Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and vesicles in the posterior pharynx.
What characterizes a polymorphic rash?
Multiple skin lesions in various stages, including macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions.
What is the primary management approach for viral fever and rash?
Supportive management.
What is an example of a rash associated with hand-foot-mouth disease?
Vesicles in the mouth, hands, and soles of the feet.
What is the Cushing triad indicative of?
Life-threatening increased intracranial pressure.
What virus most frequently causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)?
Coxsackie A16.
What is the relationship between respiratory rate and heart rate in febrile children?
The respiratory rate increases in a 1:4 ratio to heart rate.
What are the prodromal symptoms of Measles (Rubeola)?
Stepwise increase in fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots.
How is Meningococcemia transmitted?
By inhaled respiratory droplets.
What is the incubation period for Roseola Infantum?
10-16 days.
What are primary skin lesions?
Changes in the texture and appearance of the skin, such as macules and papules.
What are petechiae?
Microscopic blood vessels beneath the skin, resulting in a generally pinpoint rash.
What is a pustule and its common association?
A small pus-filled lesion, most commonly seen in Impetigo.
When does the rash appear in Measles after prodrome?
2-4 days after prodrome, 14 days after exposure.
What is the incubation period for viral causes of fever and rash?
7-21 days from exposure to prodrome.
Why is it important to control fever in febrile children?
To prevent seizures.
What precautions should be observed for febrile patients?
Standard transmission precautions.
What is a maculopapular rash?
Red areas of the skin with small bumps.
What happens to the varicella-zoster virus after primary exposure?
It remains dormant in the dorsal nerve ganglia.
How does the rash of Varicella evolve?
Macules to vesicles in crops to crusted lesions in various stages of evolution.
What is required for a diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease?
5 days of high spiking fever and 4 classic clinical criteria.
What should be ensured regarding nutrition in febrile children?
They should be hydrated and have adequate urine and stool output.
What are the symptoms of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)?
Fever for 3 days or more, rash, conjunctivitis, hypotension, and gastrointestinal problems.
What is the description of a vesicle?
A fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm.
What are petechiae?
Small purpura less than 2-3 mm.
When is a patient with Varicella contagious?
1-2 days before to 4-5 days after the onset of rashes.
When should a febrile patient be isolated?
If there are immunocompromised household contacts, infants, elderly, or pregnant women.
What are the complications associated with Enterovirus 71 in HFMD?
Pneumonia and encephalitis, as well as neurologic, respiratory, and cardiac complications.
What virus causes Varicella?
Varicella Zoster virus.
What is the appearance of the Measles rash?
Maculopapular, becomes confluent, begins on the face and head, persists for 5-6 days.
