What does the true pelvis contain?
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Pelvic viscera.
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What does the true pelvis contain?
Pelvic viscera.
What bounds the false pelvis on each side?
Iliac fossa.
What are the two divisions of the pelvic cavity?
False pelvis (greater pelvis) and true pelvis (lesser pelvis).
Is the superficial perineal pouch open or closed anteriorly?
Open anteriorly.
What are the two triangles the perineum is divided into?
Urogenital triangle anteriorly and anal triangle posteriorly.
Which structures pierce the perineal membrane?
Urethra, duct of bulbourethral gland, artery bulb of penis, termination of internal pudendal vessels, urethral artery, and dorsal nerve of the penis.
What can lead to extravasation of urine into the superficial perineal pouch?
Injury to the spongy part of the urethra.
What structures traverse the urogenital triangle in females?
The urethra and vagina.
What are the two vessels located in the deep perineal pouch?
Internal pudendal vessel and artery of the bulb of the penis.
What forms the lateral boundaries of the perineum?
Pubic arches, ischial tuberosity, and sacrotuberous ligament.
What does the false pelvis contain?
Abdominal viscera.
Is the false pelvis of much clinical importance?
No, it is not considered of much clinical importance.
What fascia layers are involved in the descent of urine extravasation?
Lata fascia and superficial fascia.
How far is the perineal body located from the anus?
1.25 cm in front of the anus.
What are the boundaries of the superficial perineal pouch?
Between the perineal membrane and the superficial fascia of the perineum (Colles' fascia).
What are the two structures that make up the root of the penis?
Curura and bulb of the penis.
What structures traverse the urogenital triangle in males?
The urethra.
What is another name for the perineal membrane?
Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
How is the true pelvis subdivided?
Into the true pelvis proper (above) and perineum (below).
What is the perineum?
The lowest region of the trunk below the pelvic diaphragm.
What is the perineal membrane?
A triangular membrane attached to the pubic arch, dividing the urogenital triangle into superficial and deep perineal pouches.
How can urine ascend after an injury to the urethra?
In front of the symphysis pubis to reach the anterior abdominal wall.
What are the three vessels associated with the penis?
Dorsal artery of the penis, deep artery of the penis, and two scrotal arteries.
What traverses the anal triangle in both males and females?
The anal canal.
What is located anteriorly in the male pelvic cavity?
The bladder (with male genital organs).
What is the posterior boundary of the perineum?
Tip of the coccyx.
How is the superficial perineal pouch closed posteriorly?
By the fused perineal membrane with Colles' fascia.
Where can urine spread if there is an injury to the spongy urethra?
Into the superficial perineal pouch.
What does the urogenital triangle contain?
External genital organs, perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches.
What is the function of the perineal body?
Gives attachment to perineal and pelvic muscles and plays a role in visceral support.
What is the significance of the superior and inferior fascia in the deep perineal pouch?
They define the urogenital diaphragm.
What is the urogenital triangle?
The anterior part of the perineum containing external genitalia and perineal pouches.
What are the contents of the urogenital triangle?
Deep perineal pouch (above) and superficial perineal pouch (below).
Name the three muscles associated with the penis.
Bulbospongiosus, Ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal muscles.
Where is the perineal body located?
Between the anal canal and the bulb of the penis (male) or vagina (female).
What structures are located posteriorly in the male pelvic cavity?
The rectum and anal canal.
What divides the perineum into two triangles?
An imaginary line passing through two ischial tuberosities.
What is fused to the posterior margin of the perineal membrane?
The perineal body.
What closes the true pelvis?
The pelvic outlet.
What are the two urogenital structures found in the deep perineal pouch?
Bulbourethral glands and membranous urethra.
Which nerves are found in the deep perineal pouch?
Dorsal nerve of the penis and perineal nerve.
What separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches?
The perineal membrane.
What is the length of the penile spongy urethra?
15 cm.
What is the perineal body?
A fibromuscular mass in the center of the perineum.
Why is the perineal body known as the central tendon of the pelvis?
Because it intersects with perineal and pelvic muscles.
What is the relationship of vessels and nerves to the pelvic viscera?
They lie on either side of the pelvic viscera.
What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?
Anteriorly: Symphysis pubis; Posteriorly: Transverse line through ischial tuberosities; Laterally: Ischiopubic rami & ischial tuberosities.
Where does the perineal membrane cover?
The anterior part of the outlet.
What is one possible descent route for urine extravasation?
To the thigh, between the upper part of the fusion line of the membranous layer.
What are the three nerves related to the penis?
Dorsal nerve of the penis and two scrotal nerves.
What does the anal triangle contain?
The anal canal in the middle and two ischiorectal fossae on the sides.
What structures does the perineum include?
All structures that fill the pelvic outlet.
What is the definition of the deep perineal pouch?
A closed space between the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm.
Which muscles are associated with the deep perineal pouch?
Sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscles.
Where do other structures like vessels and nerves lie in relation to the peritoneum?
Deep to the peritoneum in association with the pelvic walls.
Where are the male pelvic viscera located?
In the midline of the pelvic cavity.
What are the anterior boundaries of the perineum?
Inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.
What role does the perineal body play in females?
It plays an important role in visceral support, especially due to its larger size.
