week 1 day 2

The brainstem.

The cervical spinal cord transmits sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body.

The spinal cord acts as a conduit of information to the brain and facilitates communication with the body.

The somatic PNS innervates the skin, joints, and muscles.

The brainstem.

Anterolateral system and Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system.

Dura mater

In the periphery, where they pick up the sensation.

Fascicles.

The Axillary Nerve of the brachial plexus, which has nerves from C5 and C6 levels.

Endomysium.

It is located at the back of the head, providing sensation to the scalp behind the ears.

It is a bundle of nerves that supplies the shoulder and upper limb.

In the spinal cord.

The ratio of motor neurons to the muscle fibers they innervate.

In the central nervous system.

Medium-diameter nerves, lightly myelinated, conduct at 3-15 m/sec, sensory nerves from sensory receptors.

2 m/sec or less.

5 lumbar spinal nerves.

Interneuron carrying sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata.

CSF-filled caverns and canals inside the brain and spinal cord.

A bundle of axons in a larger nerve.

Mechanoreceptive.

Pia mater

First order sensory neuron, second order sensory neuron, and third order neuron.

Epimysium.

They mix together.

It drains blood from the back of the head.

It is the tough outermost membrane covering the spinal cord.

A tough fibrous sheath that surrounds the whole nerve.

The rash occurs in the dermatome of the infected nerve cell.

No, a single axon will traverse the entire length of a nerve, including the plexus, and not synapse until it reaches the muscle at the end.

Linear distributions supplying sensory innervation to the skin along the body, identified by the specific name and number of the spinal nerve supplying it.

Motor neurons carry motor output to muscles.

The PNS consists of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.

The brain.

Sensory nerves, PNS ganglia, autonomics, and motor nerves.

Many different axons, mostly myelinated.

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system.

Arachnoid membrane

In the dorsal root ganglion.

Openings between vertebral pedicels called the intervertebral foramina.

The major plexuses are the Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, and Sacral plexuses.

It is the meeting point of several sinuses in the brain, located at the internal occipital protuberance.

Nerves that contain only motor axons.

Connective tissue wrapping surrounding a nerve fascicle.

Lower motor neurons.

Referred pain is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus, often in a dermatome.

They travel down specific nerves to their termini.

Sensory nerves from sensory receptors.

1 coccygeal spinal nerve.

Interneurons in the spinal cord carry responses to motor neurons and bring sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Dorsal root and ventral root.

The brain.

Some cranial nerves are primarily sensory, some are motor, and some are mixed.

In groups, or 'fascicles'.

Meninges

Thermoreceptive.

It enters the CNS and can either synapse in the spinal cord or the brainstem, depending on the type of sensory axon.

Epineurium.

Perineurium.

Endoneurium.

Bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue.

A layer of delicate connective tissue surrounding the axon.

They branch out to innervate a specific group of muscle fibers.

Viruses such as varicella zoster hibernate in ganglia and can cause a rash in the associated dermatome.

15-120 m/sec.

All connections to the brain decussate (cross) from left side to right and vice versa, whether ascending or descending.

Visceral smooth muscle and glands.

8 cervical spinal nerves.

5 sacral spinal nerves.

In the sensory ganglia.

The spinal cord communicates with the skin, joints, and muscles.

The brain.

I to XII.

They absorb CSF.

Anterolateral system.

Static position and rate of change.

It continues as a single axon following its specific nerve.

A plexus is a network where many (not all) ventral rami from different spinal levels mix and recombine their axons.

Perimysium.

It is located along the top of the brain, running from front to back.

It is a small venous sinus located in the dura mater of the brain.

They provide feedback to the nervous system about muscle activity.

Large-diameter nerve, heavily myelinated, conduct impulses at 15-120 m/sec, motor neurons supplying skeletal muscles.

Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron.

Part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

The brain stem acts as a conduit for sensory and motor pathways between the brain and spinal cord.

The visceral PNS innervates internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.

Brain and Spinal cord.

The brainstem.

Specialized tissue in ventricles that secretes CSF.

Cerebrum → brain stem core → subarachnoid space → arachnoid villi absorb CSF.

Dorsal roots.

Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, Pia mater

Touch, pressure, vibration, tickle, itch.

Nociceptive.

Salty clear liquid

The parts distal to the cut segment will lose innervation, but the parts proximal to the injury will still be functional.

Both are collections of fibers; a nerve is a collection of nerve fibers (axons), and a muscle is a collection of muscle fibers.

The term 'plexus' comes from the Latin word meaning 'A Braid'.

Dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots.

Dorsal rami (to the deep back muscles and back) and ventral rami (to pretty much everywhere else).

It is the back edge of the parietal bone in the skull.

It provides sensation to the back of the scalp up to the top of the head.

Nerves that contain only sensory axons.

Nerves that contain both sensory and motor axons.

Groups of axons bound into bundles.

An anterior horn cell, its axon, and its muscle fiber.

The motor unit.

Dermatomes help in localizing cord lesions by mapping the sensory distribution of spinal nerves.

The varicella zoster virus may reactivate, travel down nerve axons, and cause a viral infection of the skin in the dermatome of the infected nerve cell.

They exit with the spinal nerve.

Motor neurons supplying skeletal muscles.

3-15 m/sec.

Very small diameter, unmyelinated, conduct at 2 m/sec or less, part of ANS.

12 thoracic spinal nerves.

No, muscles are innervated by the same spinal nerves but not in exact correspondence to the overlying dermatomes.

The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information on its way to the cerebral cortex.

The cerebral cortex processes sensory information and initiates motor responses.

Dorsal root ganglia are clusters of neuronal cell bodies outside the spinal cord that contain somatic sensory axons.

Cerebral cortex, Basal Ganglion System, Diencephalon.

The brainstem.

The brainstem.