According to the Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (PMMS) 2019, which province had the highest maternal mortality?
Click to see answer
e. Baluchistan.
Click to see question
According to the Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (PMMS) 2019, which province had the highest maternal mortality?
e. Baluchistan.
What are the ocular manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency?
Corneal xerosis and ulcerations.
What does Vitamin A deficiency cause in the mucus-secreting epithelium?
Metaplasia and keratinization.
What are the changes in the mucus-secreting epithelium due to Vitamin A deficiency an example of?
Structure damage.
What is the term for the changes caused by Vitamin A deficiency in the mucus-secreting epithelium?
Impairment.
What are the components of continuous monitoring of fetal development?
Abdominal examination, ultrasound, other examinations (RH Immunoglobulin).
What is the schedule of antenatal visits according to the WHO Focused antenatal care model?
First visit: 8-12 weeks, Second visit: 24-26 weeks, Third visit: 32 weeks, Fourth visit: 36-38 weeks.
What is the estimated time of death if untreated in the case of postpartum hemorrhage?
On average in 2 hours.
What is the estimated time of death if untreated in the case of obstructed labor?
On average in 2 days.
What are the specific objectives of MCH Services as part of the Continuum of Care?
What is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality?
Unfair and inequitable distribution of health resources.
What values are aimed to be inculcated in health professionals according to RMU's mission statement?
Mutual respect, ethical practice of healthcare, and social accountability.
What are some examples of specific health protection in pregnancy?
Anemia, other nutritional deficiencies, asymptomatic bacteriuria, toxemia of pregnancy, tetanus, syphilis, German measles, Rh status, HIV infection, hepatitis B infection, gestational diabetes, prenatal genetic counseling.
What are the components of prenatal advice?
Diet, personal hygiene, personal cleanliness, rest & sleep, bowels, exercise, smoking, alcohol, dental care, drugs, radiations, warning signs, child care.
What are some conditions that require continuous monitoring of maternal well-being during pregnancy?
Routine check-up, hypertension in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, pregnancy anemia, miscellaneous conditions.
What are the objectives of Antenatal Care?
To promote, maintain and protect the health of the mother during pregnancy, detect 'high risk' cases, foresee complications, prevent anxiety, teach elements of child care, nutrition, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, sensitize for family planning, and attend under five accompanying mothers.
What is the example of tertiary prevention in disability prevention?
Vocational rehabilitation in case of foot amputation in uncontrolled diabetes.
What is the Continuum of Care in the context of RMNCH?
An approach to integrate the care that a woman should receive for safe motherhood or safe childbirth, including integrated service delivery for mothers and children from pre-pregnancy to childhood.
What does the 'Stages of the life cycle (Time)' dimension of Continuum of Care entail?
Continuous care that a woman should get at every stage of life from her own family, community, and health facilities.
What are the components of pre-conception guidance?
Avoid medications, take folic acid, eat a healthy diet, exercise in moderation, obtain necessary vaccinations, identify and remove health hazards, achieve a healthy weight, discontinue cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs, test for infectious diseases, and screen for other medical problems.
What is the definition of handicap?
Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or with in the range considered normal for a human being.
What are the learning outcomes related to antenatal care?
What is the definition of rehabilitation medicine?
The combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and retraining individuals to the highest possible level of functional ability.
What are the components of the integrated approach in rehabilitation medicine?
Physiotherapy, audiology, psychology, education, social work, speech therapy, occupational therapy, vocational guidance, and placement services.
What are the types of rehabilitation mentioned in the text?
Medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, and psychological rehabilitation.
What are some components of routine antenatal care during pregnancy?
History, physical examination, abdominal examination, assessment of gestational age, investigation, prescription of medications, counseling, immunization, and rescheduling next visit.
What is the schedule for Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccinations for pregnant women according to WHO?
TT1: At first contact or as early as possible during pregnancy, TT2: Four weeks after TT1, TT3: Six months after TT2, TT4: One year after TT3, TT5: One year after TT4 or during next pregnancy.
What are the two dimensions of Continuum of Care?
What does EmOC stand for in the context of maternal mortality prevention?
Emergency obstetric care.
What is the definition of disability?
A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of the role expected of him in the society that is normal for that individual.
When is the mother psychologically more receptive to advice on family planning?
During the antenatal period.
What educational and motivational efforts must be initiated during the antenatal period for family planning?
Efforts to advise on family planning.
What is the purpose of attending under 5 children accompanying their mother?
Paediatric component of care.
Where can one find resources for promoting IT and research culture, including steps to access the HEC Digital Library?
HEC National Digital Library website.
What are the examples of primary prevention in disability prevention?
Immunization against polio.
What are some examples of investigations done during routine antenatal care?
Pregnancy test, complete blood picture, urine analysis, blood group and Rh factor, HIV testing, VDRL, and HBsAg for Hepatitis B infection.
What are some characteristics of high-risk pregnancies?
Women less than 18 or more than 30 years of age, short-statured women, grand multipara, women delivering less than 2 years after the last confinement, women with multiple pregnancies, and women with mal-presentations.
What is the estimated time of death if untreated in the case of infection?
On average in 6 days.
What is the aim of antenatal care?
To prevent and detect problems of pregnancy at an early stage to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
What is the mission statement of RMU in relation to health professional education?
To impart evidence-based research-oriented health professional education.
What are the major contributing causes of disability in developing countries?
Communicable diseases, malnutrition, low quality perinatal care, accidents.
What is the most effective way of dealing with disability in developing countries?
Primary prevention.
What is the ideal frequency of examination for a pregnant woman until 7 months of pregnancy?
Every month.
What is the recommended frequency of examination for a pregnant woman after 7 months of pregnancy, if everything is normal?
Fortnightly for the next four weeks, and weekly after that.
What is the purpose of mental preparation during pregnancy?
To give expectant mother sufficient time & opportunity to have free & frank talk on all aspects of pregnancy & delivery.
What is the focus of medication management in disability/mobility limitations?
Diabetes and disability.
What is the estimated time of death if untreated in the case of antepartum hemorrhage?
On average in 12 hours.
Where can MNCH interventions be delivered with respect to the place-of-care dimension of the Continuum of Care?
At a household and in a community, through outreach from first-level facilities, and at district or referral hospitals.
