p.2
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What is the relationship between science, technology, and society?
Science is the foundation of technology, and society is influenced by both, driving their development.
p.5
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What artistic creations were made by Sumerians using metallurgy?
Dramatic panels depicting fantastical animals.
p.1
Definition and Scope of Science
What is science?
The study of the world and the universe, covering a vast field of organized knowledge and a continuous search for knowledge.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What were the main fields of achievement in Ancient Egyptian technology?
Engineering, architecture, and medicine.
p.2
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
How does science contribute to technology?
Science provides the fundamental understanding and knowledge that leads to technological advancements.
p.5
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
How did Sumerians control the temperature in their furnaces?
Using bellows that could be worked with hands or feet.
p.20
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
At its height, which modern-day countries were included in the Inca Empire?
Modern-day Peru, western and south-central Bolivia, southwest Ecuador, Colombia, and a large portion of modern-day Chile.
p.5
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What innovation did the Sumerians create to address the shortage of stones and timber?
Molds for making mass-produced bricks out of clay.
p.5
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What types of items were made using copper in Sumerian metallurgy?
Spearheads, chisels, and razors.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What mathematical concepts did the Ancient Egyptians invent?
Mathematics, geometry, and surveying.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What materials and techniques did the Ancient Egyptians develop?
Metallurgy, astronomy, accounting, writing, and papyrus.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
Why was the Hour Glass preferred over earlier water clocks?
Because its sands were unaffected by the rocking motion of an ocean-bound ship.
p.14
Chinese Inventions and Their Impact
What was admired for several centuries before similar quality was produced?
Fine porcelain imported from China.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
How did the Heavy Plough improve agriculture?
It boosted crop yields and population numbers by opening up extensive new fields.
p.13
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
How did field doctors contribute to military sanitation?
They increased sanitation in military camps and performed physicals on new soldiers.
p.13
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What surgical tools did field surgeons use to manage blood loss?
Arterial surgical clamps and tourniquets.
p.1
Role of Technology in Society
What is technology?
The application of science, which can be a product, process, or gadget designed to solve practical problems and satisfy human needs.
p.13
Chinese Inventions and Their Impact
What are the Four Great Inventions of Chinese civilization?
The compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing.
p.6
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
Where is Ancient Babylon located?
Near the Euphrates River, about 60 miles (100 kilometers) south of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
Where did Ancient Egyptian civilization arise?
Around the Nile River in Egypt.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What is the Edwin Smith Papyrus known for?
It is the oldest surgical treatise, dating to 1600 BC.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What inventions did the Ancient Egyptians create for agriculture?
The ramp, the lever, the plow, and mills for grinding grain.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What were some uses of papyrus besides writing?
Food source, rope, sandals, window shades, toys, amulets, and small fishing boats.
p.9
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
Who used the water clock at night and for what purpose?
Priests at the Temple of Karnak used it to determine the time for religious rites.
p.6
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What was Ancient Babylon known for?
Being an influential city and center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia.
p.18
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What is 'Sidereus Nuncius'?
A short astronomical pamphlet by Galileo on his discoveries of the moon and Jupiter's moons.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What additional topics are covered in the Edwin Smith Papyrus?
Gynecology and cosmetics, along with five prescriptions.
p.3
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What is cuneiform writing?
The first writing system developed around 3500 BCE for trade communication.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
How did the ancient Egyptians create their solar calendar?
By recording the yearly reappearance of Sirius, the Dog Star.
p.20
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
Which major civilizations emerged during the Archaic Period in Mesoamerica?
Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What is the function of Water Mills?
They generate power to operate machines like grinders and saws using a turning wheel with water-catching paddles.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
By around 1000 A.D., how widespread were Water Mills?
There were tens of thousands of mills throughout England, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
How is distillation used in the industry?
Oil refineries distill crude oil into components like gasoline, kerosene, paraffin wax, and plastic-base.
p.3
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What is Mesopotamia?
The land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, named by the Greeks.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
What engineering techniques were used in constructing Roman roads?
Surveying, clearing, and leveling land.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
Who invented the karaoke system that displays lyrics while the instrumentals play?
Roberto del Rosario in 1974.
p.13
Chinese Inventions and Their Impact
How did Western knowledge of silk working and papermaking originate?
It was derived from China.
p.1
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What is the connection between science, technology, and society?
Science alters our understanding of the world, technology changes how we behave, and society drives both scientific inquiry and technological innovations.
p.18
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
Who created the first microscope?
Hans and Zacharias Janssen in 1590.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What ingredients were used in one of the ancient toothpaste recipes?
Powdered ox hooves, ashes, burnt eggshells, and pumice.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
How did ancient Egyptians manage irrigation?
By using canals and irrigation channels to direct water from the Nile.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was the purpose of the Heavy Plough invented during the Middle Ages?
It allowed people to grow crops in hard soils and expand their fields.
p.9
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
How did the Egyptians solve the problem of their inaccurate calendar?
By implementing the Ptolemaic Calendar, which added one day every four years.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was the purpose of time-measuring devices used on shore?
To measure time for church services, cooking, and work tasks.
p.5
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What type of boat was significant in Mesopotamian civilization?
The Mesopotamian sailboat.
p.16
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was the Hour Glass used for by sailors?
To mark the passage of time and determine their longitude.
p.7
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What is papyrus and how was it made?
Sheets made from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, rolled into scrolls.
p.1
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
How is society defined in the context of science and technology?
As people living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values.
p.9
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What historical evidence exists for the use of water clocks in ancient Egypt?
An inscription dating to the 16th century BC found in the tomb of Amenemhet.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
What were the uses of water supplied by Roman aqueducts?
Drinking, irrigation, and supplying public fountains and baths.
p.6
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What significant mathematical advancements did the Babylonians make?
They developed a positional number system based on 60 and created the concept of zero.
p.20
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What period in Mesoamerica is characterized by the transition from hunter-gatherer culture to agriculture?
The Archaic Period (7000 BCE - 2000 BCE).
p.14
Chinese Inventions and Their Impact
What were umbrellas invented for?
Protection from the sun and rain.
p.9
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What was the purpose of the obelisks in ancient Egypt?
They were used as sundials to determine the time of day based on shadow movement.
p.2
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
How do developments in Science and Technology arise?
From people's imagination and gradual improvements driven by the desire to enhance quality of life.
p.18
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What basic tool did Galileo use for his astronomical observations?
A crude refracting telescope.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
How did Roman roads facilitate military movement?
They allowed military personnel to cover ground extremely fast.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What surgical instruments are mentioned in the Edwin Smith Papyrus?
Scalpels, scissors, copper needles, forceps, spoons, lancets, hooks, probes, and pincers.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was a significant impact of the printing press?
It allowed for industrial-scale printing, spreading ideas through books, pamphlets, newspapers, and journals.
p.3
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What was the significance of mass-produced pottery in Sumeria?
It transformed how humans cultivated food and built dwellings.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What was the Photophone and who invented it?
An early videophone invented by Gregorio Zara in 1955, allowing visual communication.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
What was the extent of the Roman road network?
50,000 miles of roads stemming from the capital.
p.2
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What is the impact of technology on society?
Technology influences how society interacts and functions, shaping daily life and communication.
p.15
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What time period does the Middle Ages refer to?
The period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
p.1
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What is one way science contributes to technology?
By being a direct source of new knowledge that serves as the basis for new technological ideas.
p.3
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What evidence shows that Sumeria was a great civilization?
Stable food supply, technology, and government system.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
What role did directional signage play in Roman roads?
It helped citizens travel easily and trade goods efficiently.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
What was the purpose of Roman aqueducts?
To channel water from freshwater sources to cities.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What was the Antikythera Mechanism used for?
It predicted the phases of the moon, eclipses, and the movement of planets and stars.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is the purpose of the Rescue 72 kit?
It contains life-saving tools for natural emergencies, meant to keep a person alive for 72 hours.
p.2
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What are some major roles of Science and Technology in everyday life?
Making tasks easier, faster transportation, easier communication, and curing diseases.
p.2
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What concerns did ancient people have that were addressed by Science and Technology?
Transportation, communication, food production, security, health, aesthetics, and engineering.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What types of beverages are produced through distillation?
Whiskey, brandy, gin, rum, and vodka.
p.15
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
How is the Middle Ages viewed in relation to ancient and modern eras?
As a transitional period.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What were early models of eyeglasses designed for?
For someone born with poor eyesight, made to be held up by hand or pinched on the nose.
p.3
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
How did Scribes create cuneiform texts?
By scratching symbols into wet clay with sharpened reeds.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What did Aristotle contribute to biology?
He studied animals in detail and classified them according to their characteristics.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is the Pili Seal and who invented it?
A sealant and flame retardant made from Pili Tree Resin, invented by Engr. Mark Kennedy E. Bantugon.
p.9
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
How did the ancient Egyptians determine the longest and shortest days of the year?
By observing the shadows cast by obelisks.
p.3
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
Where did Sumeria flourish?
Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
p.1
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
How does technology contribute to science?
By providing new scientific challenges and knowledge that address issues in research and development.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What advancements were made possible by the printing press?
Great leaps in science, technology, and history as institutional knowledge began to accrue.
p.6
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
A wonder of the ancient world, possibly built by King Nebuchadnezzar II.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What is Euclid's most famous work?
Elements, which became the standard textbook on geometry for 2000 years.
p.15
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was the cultural and scientific trend during the Middle Ages?
A period of decline in culture and science.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is the Jeepney and its significance in the Philippines?
A common form of transportation, born from necessity and ingenuity after the war.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What does distillation involve?
The separation of different liquids within a mixture, usually through the application of heat.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What types of injuries are detailed in the Edwin Smith Papyrus?
Injuries to the head, neck, shoulders, breasts, and chest.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What were the main components of Egyptian ink?
Mixed vegetable gum, soot, and bee wax.
p.13
Chinese Inventions and Their Impact
What early inventions are attributed to Chinese civilization?
The abacus, sundial, and Kongming lantern.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What was the purpose of the ox-drawn plow?
To break up soil clumps and sow seeds.
p.3
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What was significant about Sumeria in terms of civilization?
It was the world's first civilization, inventing new technologies.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What was the sickle used for in ancient Egypt?
Cutting and harvesting grains like wheat and barley.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is Quink Ink and who invented it?
A perfect alternative to traditional ink, invented by Francisco Quisumbing.
p.6
Interrelationship between Science, Technology, and Society
What similarities existed between Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations?
Both developed writing systems, had a strong interest in astronomy, made progress in mathematics, and built advanced irrigation systems.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What is the sexagesimal number system?
A base 60 number system used by the Sumerians.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
How is the sexagesimal system reflected in modern mathematics?
In divisions like 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, and 360 degrees in a circle.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What were the two types of Sumerian doctors?
Asu (therapeutic medicine) and asipu (religious medicine).
p.1
Definition and Scope of Science
How does science oppose superstition?
By valuing knowledge for its own sake and relying on observation, experiment, logical argument, and skeptical review.
p.9
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What is a water clock and how did it work?
A device made from a stone vessel with a tiny hole that allowed water to drip, marking the passage of time.
p.17
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
Who invented the modern printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg from Mainz, Germany, around 1440.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What advancements did the Ancient Greeks make in science and technology?
They made significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and biology.
p.3
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What technologies did the Sumerians pioneer?
Agriculture, metal work, pottery, and record-keeping.
p.15
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What was the impact of the Black Death Plague?
It killed millions of people.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
What is a shadoof?
A device with a long pole and bucket used to lift water for irrigation.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What unique feature does the Edwin Smith Papyrus have in its writing?
Written in black ink with explanations in red ink.
p.15
Technological Developments during the Middle Ages
What significant events characterized the Middle Ages?
Migration of people, invasions, population distribution, and deurbanization.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is the significance of the Single Chip Graphical User Interface Accelerator?
It helped transition PC operating systems from text-based systems to modern operating systems.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What innovative incubator did Dr. Fe Del Mundo create?
The bamboo incubator, which uses hot water bottles for heating.
p.10
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What was promised in the advertisement for the better-tasting toothpaste recipe?
A powder for white and perfect teeth.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
Who partially invented the Lunar Rover?
Eduardo San Juan, a mechanical engineer.
p.6
Historical Contributions of Ancient Civilizations
What is the Code of Hammurabi known for?
Its 'eye for an eye' style of lawmaking and defining the relationship among Hammurabi, the gods, and the people.
p.18
Role of Technology in Society
What is the purpose of pasteurization?
To kill harmful bacteria in food and beverages.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What was Plato's contribution to timekeeping?
He may have invented the first alarm clock using a water clock.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What were shadufs used for in Sumerian agriculture?
Hand-operated water lifts to draw water for irrigation.
p.12
Roman Engineering and Infrastructure
How did aqueducts contribute to public hygiene in Rome?
They made public hygiene and sanitation possible.
p.8
Technological Advances in Ancient Egypt
How many days were in the Egyptian calendar?
365 days, divided into 12 months with 30 days each, plus 5 festival days.
p.18
Role of Technology in Society
What is a petroleum refinery used for?
To process crude oil into usable products.
p.19
Philippine Inventions
What is the Salamander and its unique feature?
An amphibious tricycle that can travel along flooded areas, created by Victor Llave and his team.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What was the purpose of artificial irrigation in Sumerian agriculture?
To provide water to farms through canals.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
Who was Hypatia?
She was one of the world's first famous female mathematicians and head of the mathematics school in Alexandria.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What mathematical operations did the Sumerians create using the base 60 system?
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
p.6
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What were some differences between Sumerian and Babylonian advancements in mathematics?
Babylonians made greater advancements, including algebra and geometry, while Sumerians had a basic understanding of arithmetic.
p.6
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
How did the Sumerians contribute to engineering and architecture?
They built cities, developed irrigation systems, and constructed ziggurats and city walls.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What is Archimedes' Screw used for?
It is an efficient way to move water up a hill.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What does the word 'mathematics' derive from?
The Greek word 'mathema,' meaning 'subject of instruction.'
p.6
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What contributions did the Babylonians make to medicine?
They documented diseases, developed remedies, and practiced surgery.
p.11
Greek Contributions to Science and Technology
What does the word 'biology' mean?
It comes from the Greek words 'bios' (life) and 'logia' (study of).
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What engineering feat did the Sumerians achieve with their irrigation systems?
They designed complex systems of canals and aqueducts.
p.4
Sumerian and Babylonian Innovations
What materials were used to construct dams in Sumerian irrigation systems?
Reeds, palm trunks, and mud.
