How are proteins digested in the stomach?
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Proteins are digested by pepsin in the stomach.
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How are proteins digested in the stomach?
Proteins are digested by pepsin in the stomach.
What initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
Salivary amylase breaks down starches into smaller sugars.
What is the primary method of fat absorption?
Fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by simple diffusion into the small intestine.
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities.
What enzymes are involved in protein digestion in the small intestine?
Pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase, along with brush border enzymes like aminopeptidases.
Where are minerals primarily absorbed?
Most minerals are absorbed in the small intestine.
What is the primary site for water absorption?
Water is primarily absorbed in the small intestine and to some extent in the large intestine.
How are fats digested in the digestive system?
Fats are digested by lingual lipase in the mouth, gastric lipase in the stomach, and pancreatic lipase in the small intestine.
Where does the majority of carbohydrate absorption occur?
In the small intestine, where monosaccharides like glucose and galactose are absorbed.
How are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are extracted with fats during digestion and absorbed in the small intestine.
What are the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)?
Recommendations for each nutrient that should meet the needs of nearly all individuals in a specific gender and age group.
What is the impact of dysbiosis on nutrient bioavailability?
Dysbiosis can reduce nutrient bioavailability and increase gut permeability.
What is the purpose of dietary counseling by registered dietitians?
To diagnose and intervene in dietary deficiencies, improve nutritional behaviors, and educate individuals on dietary health.
What demographic factors affect food security?
Race/ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status significantly impact food security.
What is the average daily energy expenditure?
Total energy expended in a day.
What is the significance of the estimated average requirements (EARs)?
The amount of nutrient projected to meet the needs of 50% of healthy Americans by age and gender.
How does diet influence the gut microbiome?
Diet shapes the gut microbiome; high-fiber diets promote beneficial bacteria, while high-fat/sugar diets contribute to harmful bacteria.
What is the role of chylomicrons in fat absorption?
Chylomicrons package fatty acids and monoglycerides for transport into the lymphatic system.
