24-25_GRON3112_Week 1_Basic anatomy and physiology_03 Sept 2024-S

Created by Paddy Sin

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What do glands in the endocrine system secrete?

Click to see answer

p.26

Hormones that regulate bodily processes.

Click to see question

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p.26

Overview of Organ Systems

What do glands in the endocrine system secrete?

Hormones that regulate bodily processes.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What do mammary glands produce?

Milk for lactation.

p.30

Basic Needs in Aging

Which topics are covered in GRON3112 related to the digestive system?

Nutrition and hydration, personal hygiene and elimination, frailty in older adults.

p.23

Overview of Organ Systems

What important substances does the skeletal system store?

Minerals.

p.5

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What can studying Gerontology help you understand?

The aging process and how to be confident about aging.

p.2

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the focus of Gerontology?

The study of aging and the challenges associated with it.

p.31

Overview of Organ Systems

How does the urinary system help maintain blood balance?

By regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

p.29

Overview of Organ Systems

Where does gaseous exchange occur in the respiratory system?

In the air sacs of the lungs.

p.8

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy?

A type of examination.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What are the main functions of the CNS?

Controlling sensations and motor skills, such as touch, hearing, seeing, smelling, and tasting.

p.5

Importance of Studying Gerontology

How can knowledge of Gerontology benefit those around you?

It can help you assist others in aging successfully.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Coronal Plane divide the body into?

Front and back.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need is essential for hydration?

Water.

p.31

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

To eliminate nitrogenous waste.

p.32

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the role of the penis, sperm ducts, and glands in the male reproductive system?

They aid in the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.

p.1

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the primary subject covered in Week 1?

Basic Anatomy and Physiology.

p.27

Overview of Organ Systems

What are the key topics covered in GRON3211 related to the cardiovascular system?

Heart disease and stroke.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'anterior' refer to in anatomy?

The front side of the body.

p.22

Overview of Organ Systems

What vitamin does the integumentary system synthesize?

Vitamin D.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What is a basic need related to nutrition?

Food.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the alignment of the lower limbs in the anatomical position?

They are parallel.

p.24

Overview of Organ Systems

How does the muscular system contribute to facial expression?

It allows for actions like smiling.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis?

By regulating bodily functions through sensory and motor pathways.

p.24

Overview of Organ Systems

How does the muscular system help maintain body stability?

By maintaining posture.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Nephro-'?

Kidney.

p.26

Overview of Organ Systems

What bodily processes are regulated by hormones?

Growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by cells.

p.19

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which option is NOT located inferior to the nose and superior to the heart?

Ears.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is anatomy?

The study of body structures and their relationships.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

Why is understanding body planes important in Anatomy & Physiology?

It helps in accurately describing locations and movements of body parts.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the role of the sensory (afferent) division of the PNS?

To transmit messages from sensory receptors to the CNS.

p.2

Basic Needs in Aging

What is a 'Basic Need'?

Fundamental requirements essential for survival and well-being.

p.32

Overview of Organ Systems

What do the testes produce?

Sperm and male sex hormones.

p.30

Overview of Organ Systems

What happens to indigestible food in the digestive system?

It is eliminated as feces.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What is the first level of structural organization?

Chemical level: Atoms combine to form molecules.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What occurs at the cellular level of structural organization?

A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell.

p.18

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are directional terms used for?

To describe the location of structures in relation to each other.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What direction do the palms face in the anatomical position?

Forward.

p.28

Overview of Organ Systems

What type of cells does the lymphatic system house for immunity?

White blood cells (Lymphocytes).

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the anatomical position?

The body is standing upright, with feet at shoulder width, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward, lower limbs parallel, and feet flat on the ground with toes forward.

p.19

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which anatomical feature is located superior to the mouth?

Nose.

p.19

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which anatomical feature is located inferior to the mouth?

Heart.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is physiology?

The study of functions of the body and how body parts work to carry out these functions.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Sagittal Plane divide the body into?

Left and right parts.

p.22

Overview of Organ Systems

What glands are part of the integumentary system?

Sweat and oil glands.

p.28

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

To pick up fluid leaked from blood vessels and return it to the blood.

p.30

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To break down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution.

p.19

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is located at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, inferior to the nose and superior to the heart?

Mouth.

p.29

Overview of Organ Systems

What chronic condition is covered in the course GRON3211 related to the respiratory system?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

p.27

Overview of Organ Systems

What is a focus of GRON3112 in relation to the cardiovascular system?

Basic health assessment and emergency care for older adults.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'medial' mean in anatomical terms?

Closer to the midline of the body.

p.1

Basic Needs in Aging

When does Week 1 of the course take place?

03 Sept 2024.

p.29

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To deliver oxygen (O2) to blood and remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body.

p.22

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

To serve as the external body covering.

p.22

Overview of Organ Systems

What does the integumentary system protect deep tissues from?

Injury, infection, heat, sunlight, and chemicals.

p.4

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is Gerontology?

The scientific study of old age and the process of growing old.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What is formed at the organ level of structural organization?

Two or more different tissues combine to form an organ.

p.5

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What role might you play in the lives of others as you study Gerontology?

You might become a caregiver at some point in your life.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the definition of 'Medial'?

At the midline or direction toward the midline.

p.2

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the significance of understanding anatomy and physiology?

It helps in understanding the structure and function of the human body.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the term Posterior refer to?

Back or direction toward the back of the body.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the integumentary system responsible for?

Protecting the body and regulating temperature.

p.16

Basic Needs in Aging

What is the significance of distal radius fractures in patients over 65 years?

They are the second most common fracture after hip fractures, accounting for 20% of all fractures in this age group.

p.1

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What is the focus of the course GRON3112?

Basic Care in Gerontology.

p.1

Basic Needs in Aging

Who is the instructor for the course?

Mr. CP Chiu.

p.27

Overview of Organ Systems

What do blood vessels transport?

Blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and heat.

p.5

Importance of Studying Gerontology

Why is studying Gerontology considered personal and meaningful?

Because everyone, including yourself and society, is aging right now.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

In the anatomical position, where are the upper limbs located?

At the sides of the body.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'inferior' indicate in anatomical positioning?

Positioned below another structure.

p.3

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the main focus of Geriatrics?

Providing medical care and treatment for older adults.

p.5

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What kind of changes can studying Gerontology inspire?

Changes in policy, atmosphere, and environment to create a better world.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the role of other structures in the female reproductive system?

They serve as sites for fertilization and fetus development.

p.27

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

To pump blood.

p.18

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the focus of the section 3.1 in Anatomy & Physiology?

The language of Anatomy & Physiology.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What are body planes?

Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What defines the tissue level of structural organization?

Similar types of cells form a body tissue.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What condition may result from low body temperature?

Bradycardia.

p.24

Overview of Organ Systems

What is one primary function of the muscular system?

Movement and locomotion.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'superior' indicate in anatomical positioning?

Positioned above another structure.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

Which basic need is crucial for physical and mental health?

Sleep.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Lateral' refer to?

On the side or direction farther away from the midline (e.g., the arms are lateral to the chest).

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Transverse Plane divide the body into?

Top and bottom.

p.34

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A theory that categorizes human needs into a hierarchy, from basic needs to self-actualization.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of Superior.

The heart is superior to the abdomen.

p.26

Overview of Organ Systems

How does the endocrine system contribute to the body?

It highly contributes to homeostasis.

p.23

Overview of Organ Systems

How does the skeletal system contribute to movement?

It provides a framework for muscles to attach and facilitate movement.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is located at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, inferior to the nose and superior to the collarbones?

The suprasternal notch.

p.3

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is Gerontology?

The study of aging and the challenges and processes associated with it.

p.3

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is Geriatrics?

A branch of medicine that focuses on health care for the elderly.

p.4

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is Geriatrics?

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases and care of old people.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

How do functions relate to structure in the body?

Functions always reflect the structure.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the function of the motor (efferent) division of the PNS?

To transmit messages from the CNS to effector organs, such as muscles and glands.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of Anterior.

The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of 'Anterior'?

Front or direction toward the front of the body.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What do the ovaries produce?

Eggs and female sex hormones.

p.23

Overview of Organ Systems

What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?

Supports and protects body organs.

p.23

Overview of Organ Systems

Where are blood cells formed in the skeletal system?

Within bones, specifically in red bone marrow.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

How are the feet positioned in the anatomical position?

Feet are flat on the ground and toes are forward.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

How does blood enter the right atrium?

Via the Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava.

p.2

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What does Geriatrics specialize in?

The medical care and treatment of older adults.

p.4

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What does Gerontology study?

The ageing process at individual and population levels.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is an example of the relationship between structure and function in the heart?

Unidirectional blood flow in the heart is due to the presence of valves.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Musculo-'?

Muscle.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need involves urination and elimination?

Personal hygiene.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of 'Distal'?

Farther away from the trunk or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (e.g., the knee is distal to the thigh).

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the function of prefixes in anatomy and physiology?

Prefixes are placed at the beginning of words to modify their meanings.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the definition of 'Posterior'?

Back or direction toward the back of the body.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Circulates blood and transports nutrients and oxygen.

p.3

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the main focus of Gerontology?

Understanding the aging process and its impact on individuals and society.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What characterizes the organ system level?

Two or more organs work closely together to perform functions.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Cardio-' refer to?

Heart.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Coronal Plane divide the body into?

Front and back.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Duodeno-' refer to?

Duodenum.

p.4

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What is a goal of studying Gerontology?

To examine how to age successfully and healthfully.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Inferior' refer to?

Below, direction toward the lower part or away from the head.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Osteo-' refer to?

Bone.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the function of prefixes in medical terms?

Prefixes are placed at the beginning of a medical term.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Facilitating gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the function of the urinary system?

Removing waste and regulating fluid balance.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Poly-' mean?

Many, excessive.

p.22

Overview of Organ Systems

What types of sensory receptors are found in the integumentary system?

Pain, pressure, and temperature receptors.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Sagittal Plane divide the body into?

Left and right parts.

p.8

Basic Needs in Aging

What was the situation involving 14 elderly individuals?

They were rushed to the hospital with hypothermia, 4 in critical condition.

p.24

Overview of Organ Systems

What role does the muscular system play in chewing?

It facilitates mastication.

p.34

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of gerontology?

The study of the aging process.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need is related to mobility and fall prevention?

Security and Safety.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What does the skeletal system provide?

Support and structure to the body.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does Inferior mean?

Below, direction toward the lower part or away from the head.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the function of suffixes in medical terminology?

Suffixes are placed at the end of words to modify their meaning.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of the suffix '-plegia'?

Paralysis.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Bi-' mean?

Two.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-scopy' indicate?

Examine.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of a term with the prefix 'Hemi-'.

Hemiplegia.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What can cause Tachycardia?

Stress, certain drugs, etc.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the definition of Anterior?

Front or direction toward the front of the body.

p.3

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

How do Gerontology and Geriatrics differ in their approach?

Gerontology is broader, studying aging in all aspects, while Geriatrics is specifically concerned with medical care for the elderly.

p.2

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are prefixes and suffixes used for in anatomy?

To create specific medical terms and describe conditions.

p.24

Overview of Organ Systems

What is a secondary function of the muscular system related to temperature?

Produces heat.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Gastr-' refer to?

Stomach.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the term 'Lateral' mean?

On the side or direction farther away from the midline.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Regulating bodily functions through hormones.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Maintaining fluid balance and immune function.

p.34

Overview of Organ Systems

How many organ systems are there in the human body?

12 organ systems.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-saccharide' refer to?

Sugar.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of a term using the prefix 'Dys-'.

Dyspnea.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What is the highest level of structural organization?

Organismal level: Many organ systems work together to perform functions.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What concept describes the relationship between structure and function?

Complementarity of structure and function.

p.4

Importance of Studying Gerontology

How does Gerontology examine the relationship between aging and society?

By looking at how aging influences society and how society can influence the aging process.

p.2

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What are body planes?

Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections.

p.6

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Which theory includes basic needs as a hierarchy?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What role does the nervous system play?

Controlling and coordinating body activities.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of a term that uses the prefix 'hyper-'.

Hypertension or Hyperglycemia.

p.34

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are the directional terms for 'closer to the trunk' and 'further from the trunk'?

Proximal vs Distal.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'pre-' indicate?

Before.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-megaly' mean?

Enlargement.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of a term that uses the prefix 'post-'.

Postoperative.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the definition of 'Medial'?

At the midline or direction toward the midline (e.g., the heart is medial to the arms).

p.4

Importance of Studying Gerontology

What interdisciplinary fields are involved in Gerontology?

Biology, sociology, psychology, statistics, public health, humanities, economics, and policy.

p.2

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What is the anatomical position?

A standard position of the body used as a reference point in anatomy.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the definition of 'Superior'?

Upper part of a structure or direction toward the head end.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Neuro-' mean?

Nerve.

p.34

Levels of Structural Organization

What are the levels of structural organization in the body?

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, and organismal.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Hepat-' refer to?

Liver.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-emia' indicate?

Blood condition.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-themia' relate to?

Temperature, state of heat.

p.4

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is a key focus of Geriatrics?

Managing the medical and clinical care of elders.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need helps with temperature control?

Clothing.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of Posterior.

The spine is posterior to the breastbone.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need is associated with maintaining self-respect?

Dignity.

p.2

Overview of Organ Systems

What are organ systems?

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Hem-' or 'Hemat-' refer to?

Blood.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Mono-' mean?

One.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What does the digestive system do?

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is an example of a term with the prefix 'pre-'?

Preoperative.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-phagia' signify?

Eating, swallowing.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What stimulates the anterior pituitary to release hormones?

Hormones released by the hypothalamus.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Proximal' mean?

Close to the trunk or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (e.g., the elbow is proximal to the wrist).

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Transverse Plane divide the body into?

Top and bottom.

p.34

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What are the three main body planes?

Sagittal/Median, Coronal/Frontal, and Transverse/Horizontal.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of a term using the prefix 'hypo-'.

Hypotension or Hypoglycemia.

p.34

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are the directional terms for 'front' and 'back' of the body?

Anterior vs Posterior.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'A-' or 'An-' signify?

Without; Lacking.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What are the male reproductive system's primary functions?

Producing sperm and hormones.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of a term with the prefix 'Poly-'.

Polyuria or Polysaccharide.

p.34

Differences between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What does geriatrics focus on?

Diseases and treatment in older adults.

p.2

Levels of Structural Organization

What are the levels of structural organization in the body?

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the organism.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'hypo-' mean?

Under; deficit.

p.34

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are the directional terms for 'toward the midline' and 'away from the midline'?

Medial vs Lateral.

p.34

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What are the directional terms for 'above' and 'below'?

Superior vs Inferior.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of a term that uses the prefix 'tachy-'.

Tachycardia.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Tri-' indicate?

Three.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of a term that uses the prefix 'Tri-'.

Triceps.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Hemi-' mean?

Half.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the meaning of Superior?

Upper part of a structure or direction toward the head end.

p.34

Anatomy and Physiology Overview

What is the anatomical position?

A standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'Vasculo-' mean?

Blood vessel.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Give an example of a term using the prefix 'Mono-'.

Monosaccharide.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-pnea' relate to?

Breathing.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Facilitating movement.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'hyper-' mean?

Above; beyond.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'brady-' signify?

Slow.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of a term with the prefix 'A-' or 'An-'.

Anaemia.

p.21

Overview of Organ Systems

What does the female reproductive system do?

Producing eggs and supporting fetal development.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-uria' indicate?

In the urine.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Provide an example of Inferior.

The breastbone is inferior to the chin.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-cardia' refer to?

Heart condition.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'tachy-' mean?

Fast.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is an example of a term using the prefix 'Bi-'?

Biceps.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Dys-' signify?

Difficult, hard.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is an example of a term with the prefix 'brady-'?

Bradycardia.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-itis' signify?

Inflammation.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'post-' signify?

After.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-pathy' refer to?

Diseases.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
A) To produce milk
B) To serve as sites for fertilization
C) To produce eggs and female sex hormones
D) To support fetus development
E) To regulate menstrual cycles

C) To produce eggs and female sex hormones

Explanation: The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs and female sex hormones, which are crucial for reproduction and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

At which level do similar types of cells form a body tissue?
A) Chemical level
B) Cellular level
C) Tissue level
D) Organ level
E) Organ System level

C) Tissue level

Explanation: The tissue level is where similar types of cells come together to form a body tissue, representing a higher level of complexity than the cellular level.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Mono-' mean in medical terminology?
A) Two
B) Three
C) One
D) Many
E) Without

C) One

Explanation: The prefix 'Mono-' signifies 'one' in medical terminology, as seen in the example 'Monosaccharide', which refers to a single sugar molecule.

p.22

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
A) Protecting deep tissues
B) Synthesizing vitamin D
C) Producing red blood cells
D) Providing sensory receptors
E) Containing sweat and oil glands

C) Producing red blood cells

Explanation: The integumentary system does not produce red blood cells; this function is primarily associated with the bone marrow. Its main roles include protection, synthesis of vitamin D, and sensory reception.

p.23

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What role does the skeletal system play in mineral storage?
A) It does not store minerals
B) It stores vitamins
C) It stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus
D) It stores carbohydrates
E) It stores proteins

C) It stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus

Explanation: The skeletal system serves as a reservoir for essential minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus, which are crucial for various bodily functions.

p.4

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What does geriatrics primarily focus on?
A) The study of youth
B) The care and treatment of old people and diseases of old age
C) The prevention of childhood diseases
D) The study of mental health in adolescents
E) The analysis of economic policies

B) The care and treatment of old people and diseases of old age

Explanation: Geriatrics is a branch of medicine that specifically deals with the diseases and care of older adults, highlighting its clinical focus on elderly patients.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Hydro-' refer to?
A) One
B) Water
C) Bad
D) Half
E) Four

B) Water

Explanation: The prefix 'Hydro-' relates to water, as seen in the term 'Hydrology', which is the study of water.

p.27

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What do blood vessels primarily transport?
A) Only oxygen
B) Only nutrients
C) Blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and heat
D) Only hormones
E) Only waste products

C) Blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and heat

Explanation: Blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood that contains a variety of substances, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and heat, which are essential for bodily functions.

p.30

Basic Needs in Aging

How does the digestive system contribute to personal hygiene?
A) By regulating body temperature
B) By breaking down food for nutrient absorption
C) By eliminating waste products from the body
D) By producing digestive enzymes
E) By maintaining hydration levels

C) By eliminating waste products from the body

Explanation: The digestive system plays a crucial role in personal hygiene by eliminating waste products as feces, thus helping to maintain overall health.

p.4

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What aspect of aging does gerontology study at both individual and population levels?
A) The economic impact of aging
B) The psychological effects of aging
C) The aging process
D) The history of aging
E) The legal implications of aging

C) The aging process

Explanation: Gerontology focuses on studying the aging process itself, considering both individual experiences and broader population trends.

p.24

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is one of the primary functions of the muscular system?
A) Digestion
B) Movement and locomotion
C) Hormone production
D) Blood circulation
E) Sensory perception

B) Movement and locomotion

Explanation: The muscular system is primarily responsible for movement and locomotion, allowing the body to perform various physical activities.

p.31

Interdisciplinary Approach in Gerontology

What type of disorders are covered in the course GRON3211?
A) Cardiovascular disorders
B) Renal and urinary disorders
C) Respiratory disorders
D) Neurological disorders
E) Musculoskeletal disorders

B) Renal and urinary disorders

Explanation: The course GRON3211 specifically covers renal and urinary disorders, focusing on the health and functioning of the urinary system.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

Which level of structural organization involves multiple organ systems working together?
A) Chemical level
B) Cellular level
C) Tissue level
D) Organ level
E) Organismal level

E) Organismal level

Explanation: The organismal level is the highest level of structural organization, where many organ systems work together to perform the functions necessary for life.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary focus of anatomy?
A) Study of body functions
B) Study of body structures and their relationships
C) Study of diseases
D) Study of nutrition
E) Study of genetics

B) Study of body structures and their relationships

Explanation: Anatomy is defined as the study of body structures and how they relate to one another, which is fundamental to understanding the human body.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What does physiology primarily study?
A) The structure of bones
B) The functions of the body
C) The effects of aging
D) The chemical composition of cells
E) The evolutionary history of species

B) The functions of the body

Explanation: Physiology focuses on how body parts work and the functions they perform, providing insight into the mechanisms of life.

p.26

Organ Systems Overview

How does the endocrine system contribute to homeostasis?
A) By regulating body temperature
B) By secreting hormones that maintain balance in bodily functions
C) By filtering waste products
D) By providing structural integrity
E) By storing energy

B) By secreting hormones that maintain balance in bodily functions

Explanation: The endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by secreting hormones that help regulate various bodily functions and processes.

p.30

Basic Needs in Aging

Which of the following topics is covered in GRON3112 related to the digestive system?
A) Cardiovascular health
B) Nutrition and hydration
C) Respiratory function
D) Musculoskeletal disorders
E) Neurological assessments

B) Nutrition and hydration

Explanation: The course GRON3112 covers topics such as nutrition and hydration, which are directly related to the functions of the digestive system.

p.4

Interdisciplinary Approach in Gerontology

How does gerontology examine the relationship between aging and society?
A) By ignoring societal influences
B) By looking at how aging influences society and vice versa
C) By focusing only on individual aging processes
D) By studying only economic impacts
E) By analyzing historical aging trends

B) By looking at how aging influences society and vice versa

Explanation: Gerontology investigates the reciprocal relationship between aging and societal factors, exploring how each influences the other.

p.32

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
A) To produce eggs
B) To produce sperm and male sex hormones
C) To deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract
D) To regulate body temperature
E) To provide nourishment to sperm

B) To produce sperm and male sex hormones

Explanation: The testes are responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones, which are essential for male reproductive functions.

p.2

Basic Needs in Aging

What does the term 'basic need' refer to?
A) Advanced technological requirements
B) Fundamental requirements for survival and well-being
C) Optional desires for luxury
D) Social needs of individuals
E) Educational aspirations

B) Fundamental requirements for survival and well-being

Explanation: 'Basic needs' encompass the essential requirements that individuals need to survive and maintain their well-being, such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the role of mammary glands in the female reproductive system?
A) To produce eggs
B) To facilitate fertilization
C) To produce milk for lactation
D) To regulate hormones
E) To support the menstrual cycle

C) To produce milk for lactation

Explanation: Mammary glands are specialized structures that produce milk, which is essential for feeding infants during lactation.

p.29

Organ Systems Overview

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A) To deliver nutrients to cells
B) To deliver oxygen (O2) to blood and remove carbon dioxide (CO2)
C) To circulate blood throughout the body
D) To regulate body temperature
E) To produce hormones

B) To deliver oxygen (O2) to blood and remove carbon dioxide (CO2)

Explanation: The respiratory system is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases, specifically delivering oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the body, which is essential for maintaining cellular function.

p.3

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of Gerontology?
A) Study of childhood development
B) Study of aging and the elderly
C) Study of mental health
D) Study of nutrition
E) Study of physical fitness

B) Study of aging and the elderly

Explanation: Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of aging and the elderly, encompassing various aspects such as biological, psychological, and social changes that occur as people age.

p.24

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which process is specifically mentioned as a function of the muscular system?
A) Respiration
B) Mastication (chewing)
C) Filtration
D) Hormone secretion
E) Nutrient storage

B) Mastication (chewing)

Explanation: The muscular system is involved in mastication (chewing), which is essential for the mechanical breakdown of food.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix is associated with the stomach?
A) Oesophago-
B) Gastr-
C) Osteo-
D) Vasculo-
E) Duodeno-

B) Gastr-

Explanation: The prefix 'Gastr-' refers to the stomach, as demonstrated in the term 'Gastric enzyme', which pertains to enzymes produced in the stomach.

p.23

Interdisciplinary Approach in Gerontology

Which topic is covered in relation to the skeletal system in the course GRON3211?
A) Cardiovascular health
B) Musculoskeletal health
C) Neurological disorders
D) Respiratory health
E) Digestive health

B) Musculoskeletal health

Explanation: The course GRON3211 covers musculoskeletal health, which includes the study of the skeletal system and its functions, particularly in the context of aging and health.

p.5

Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is one benefit of understanding the aging process?
A) It allows you to avoid aging
B) It helps you be confident about aging
C) It makes you immune to age-related diseases
D) It guarantees a longer life
E) It eliminates the need for healthcare

B) It helps you be confident about aging

Explanation: Understanding the aging process can empower individuals to feel more confident about aging, helping them navigate the changes that come with it.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What does the term 'sagittal plane' refer to?
A) A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
B) A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
C) A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts
D) A diagonal plane through the body
E) A plane that does not divide the body

C) A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts

Explanation: The sagittal plane is defined as a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections, which is crucial for anatomical orientation.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

How are the lower limbs positioned in the anatomical position?
A) Crossed at the ankles
B) Parallel to each other
C) Bent at the knees
D) One foot in front of the other
E) Spread apart

B) Parallel to each other

Explanation: In the anatomical position, the lower limbs are parallel, which helps maintain a standardized posture for anatomical studies.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Coronal Plane divide the body into?
A) Left and right
B) Top and bottom
C) Front and back
D) Anterior and inferior
E) Medial and lateral

C) Front and back

Explanation: The Coronal Plane, also known as the Frontal Plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'brady-' signify?
A) Before
B) After
C) Slow
D) Above; beyond
E) Under; deficit

C) Slow

Explanation: The prefix 'brady-' indicates a slow condition, as seen in terms like bradycardia, which refers to a slower than normal heart rate.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What is the first level of structural organization?
A) Tissue level
B) Organ level
C) Organismal level
D) Chemical level
E) Organ System level

D) Chemical level

Explanation: The first level of structural organization is the chemical level, where atoms combine to form molecules, laying the foundation for all higher levels of complexity.

p.24

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

How does the muscular system contribute to maintaining posture?
A) By regulating blood pressure
B) By providing structural support
C) By facilitating digestion
D) By producing hormones
E) By generating heat

B) By providing structural support

Explanation: The muscular system helps maintain posture by providing structural support through muscle contractions that stabilize the body.

p.24

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What role does the muscular system play in thermoregulation?
A) It cools the body
B) It produces heat
C) It regulates blood flow
D) It absorbs nutrients
E) It filters waste

B) It produces heat

Explanation: One of the functions of the muscular system is to produce heat through muscle contractions, which is essential for maintaining body temperature.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Dys-' indicate?
A) Good
B) Difficult or hard
C) Many
D) One
E) Water

B) Difficult or hard

Explanation: The prefix 'Dys-' denotes difficulty or abnormality, as seen in the term 'Dyspnea', which refers to difficult or labored breathing.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What are body planes used for in anatomy?
A) To measure temperature
B) To divide the body into sections
C) To determine weight
D) To assess muscle strength
E) To evaluate blood pressure

B) To divide the body into sections

Explanation: Body planes are essential in anatomy as they provide a way to divide the body into sections for better understanding and communication regarding anatomical structures and their relationships.

p.21

Organ Systems Overview

How many organ systems are mentioned in the provided text?
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 9
E) 8

C) 12

Explanation: The text lists a total of 12 organ systems, indicating a comprehensive overview of human anatomy.

p.4

Interdisciplinary Approach in Gerontology

Which of the following best describes the interdisciplinary approach of gerontology?
A) It only includes biological studies
B) It combines biology, sociology, psychology, and other fields
C) It focuses solely on medical treatments
D) It excludes public health considerations
E) It is limited to economic analysis

B) It combines biology, sociology, psychology, and other fields

Explanation: Gerontology employs an interdisciplinary approach, integrating various fields such as biology, sociology, psychology, and public health to comprehensively study aging.

p.28

Organ Systems Overview

What role do lymphocytes play in the lymphatic system?
A) They transport nutrients.
B) They assist in blood clotting.
C) They are involved in immunity.
D) They help in digestion.
E) They regulate body temperature.

C) They are involved in immunity.

Explanation: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell housed in the lymphatic system that plays a vital role in the immune response, helping to protect the body against pathogens.

p.8

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy used for?
A) To examine the lungs
B) To examine the digestive tract
C) To measure blood pressure
D) To assess heart function
E) To analyze urine samples

B) To examine the digestive tract

Explanation: Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is a type of examination specifically used to visualize and assess the upper part of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

p.25

Basic Needs in Aging

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis?
A) By regulating body temperature only
B) By controlling sensations and motor skills
C) By transmitting messages to the heart only
D) By managing digestive processes
E) By controlling blood sugar levels

B) By controlling sensations and motor skills

Explanation: The nervous system plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling sensations and motor skills, allowing the body to respond appropriately to internal and external changes.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which directional term refers to the back of the body?
A) Anterior
B) Ventral
C) Dorsal
D) Superior
E) Inferior

C) Dorsal

Explanation: The term 'Dorsal' refers to the back of the body, while 'Anterior' or 'Ventral' refers to the front, highlighting the importance of directional terminology in anatomy.

p.6

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a basic need related to safety?
A) Dignity
B) Security and Safety (Mobility & Fall prevention)
C) Social belonging
D) Esteem
E) Self-actualization

B) Security and Safety (Mobility & Fall prevention)

Explanation: Security and safety are fundamental basic needs that ensure individuals can move safely and avoid falls, which is crucial for overall well-being.

p.1

Gerontology and Geriatrics

Who is the instructor for the course GRON3112?
A) Dr. Jane Smith
B) Mr. CP Chiu
C) Prof. Alan Brown
D) Ms. Sarah Johnson
E) Dr. Emily White

B) Mr. CP Chiu

Explanation: The instructor for the course GRON3112 is Mr. CP Chiu, who will guide students through the material related to basic care in gerontology.

p.31

Organ Systems Overview

Which aspect of health does the urinary system primarily influence?
A) Mental health
B) Digestive health
C) Renal health
D) Skin health
E) Muscular health

C) Renal health

Explanation: The urinary system is directly related to renal health, as it is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, which is essential for removing waste products.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Nephro-' signify?
A) Stomach
B) Kidney
C) Blood vessel
D) Liver
E) Nerve

B) Kidney

Explanation: The prefix 'Nephro-' is used to refer to the kidney, as seen in the term 'Nephrology', which is the study of kidney function and diseases.

p.26

Organ Systems Overview

What is the primary function of the glands in the endocrine system?
A) To produce enzymes
B) To secrete hormones that regulate bodily processes
C) To filter blood
D) To store nutrients
E) To provide structural support

B) To secrete hormones that regulate bodily processes

Explanation: The glands in the endocrine system are responsible for secreting hormones that regulate various bodily processes, including growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by cells.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Hepat-' refer to?
A) Blood
B) Liver
C) Bone
D) Nerve
E) Muscle

B) Liver

Explanation: The prefix 'Hepat-' signifies the liver, as seen in terms like 'Hepatitis', which refers to inflammation of the liver.

p.22

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which glands are part of the integumentary system?
A) Thyroid and adrenal glands
B) Sweat and oil glands
C) Pancreatic and salivary glands
D) Lymph and pituitary glands
E) None of the above

B) Sweat and oil glands

Explanation: The integumentary system includes sweat and oil glands, which play important roles in regulating body temperature and maintaining skin health.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which term describes a position closer to the midline of the body?
A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Superior
D) Inferior
E) Anterior

B) Medial

Explanation: The term 'Medial' refers to a position at the midline or direction toward the midline of the body, contrasting with 'Lateral,' which indicates a position farther away from the midline.

p.21

Organ Systems Overview

Which of the following systems is involved in hormone regulation?
A) Skeletal system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Urinary system
E) Muscular system

B) Endocrine system

Explanation: The endocrine system is responsible for hormone production and regulation, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which term describes the front direction of the body?
A) Posterior
B) Superior
C) Inferior
D) Anterior
E) Lateral

D) Anterior

Explanation: The term 'Anterior' (or Ventral) refers to the front direction of the body, indicating structures that are located toward the front.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does 'proximal' mean in anatomical terms?
A) Farther from the trunk
B) Close to the trunk or point of attachment
C) At the midline
D) On the side
E) In the sagittal plane

B) Close to the trunk or point of attachment

Explanation: 'Proximal' indicates a position that is close to the trunk or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk, such as the elbow being proximal to the wrist.

p.16

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

In older patients, what is the significance of distal radius fractures?
A) They are the most common type of fracture
B) They account for 20% of all fractures in patients over 65
C) They are less common than hip fractures
D) They occur only in younger patients
E) They are not related to aging

B) They account for 20% of all fractures in patients over 65

Explanation: Distal radius fractures are the second most common fractures after hip fractures in patients over 65 years old, accounting for 20% of all fractures in this age group, highlighting their clinical importance.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic need?
A) Food (Nutrition)
B) Water (Hydration)
C) Sleep
D) Wealth
E) Personal hygiene: Urination/Elimination

D) Wealth

Explanation: Basic needs include essential elements such as food, water, sleep, and personal hygiene, while wealth is not classified as a basic need.

p.31

Organ Systems Overview

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
A) Eliminating nitrogenous waste
B) Regulating blood pressure
C) Regulating water balance
D) Producing urine
E) Storing bile

E) Storing bile

Explanation: The urinary system does not store bile; its functions include eliminating waste, regulating water balance, and producing urine.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

Which of the following basic needs relates to hydration?
A) Clothing
B) Sleep
C) Water
D) Security
E) Dignity

C) Water

Explanation: Water is a fundamental basic need for hydration, essential for survival and overall health.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What is formed at the cellular level?
A) Organs
B) Tissues
C) Organ systems
D) Fluid and organelles of a body cell
E) Atoms

D) Fluid and organelles of a body cell

Explanation: At the cellular level, a variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell, which is essential for cellular function.

p.21

Organ Systems Overview

Which of the following is NOT one of the organ systems listed?
A) Integumentary system
B) Lymphatic system
C) Endocrine system
D) Circulatory system
E) Respiratory system

D) Circulatory system

Explanation: The term 'Circulatory system' is not listed among the organ systems provided. Instead, the correct term is 'Cardiovascular system', which is included in the list.

p.30

Organ Systems Overview

What happens to indigestible food in the digestive system?
A) It is absorbed into the bloodstream
B) It is converted into energy
C) It is eliminated as feces
D) It is stored in the liver
E) It is transformed into vitamins

C) It is eliminated as feces

Explanation: Indigestible food is processed by the digestive system and ultimately eliminated from the body as feces, highlighting the system's role in waste removal.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
A) Upper and lower parts
B) Front and back parts
C) Left and right parts
D) Inner and outer parts
E) Lateral and medial parts

C) Left and right parts

Explanation: The sagittal plane, also known as the median plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts, which is essential for understanding body orientation.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is an example of the complementarity of structure and function?
A) The skin's ability to absorb nutrients
B) Unidirectional blood flow in the heart due to valves
C) The flexibility of muscles
D) The rigidity of bones
E) The color of the eyes

B) Unidirectional blood flow in the heart due to valves

Explanation: The presence of valves in the heart exemplifies how the structure (valves) facilitates a specific function (unidirectional blood flow), illustrating the principle of complementarity.

p.27

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a component transported by blood vessels?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nutrients
D) Light
E) Hormones

D) Light

Explanation: Blood vessels do not transport light; they transport blood that contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and heat, which are critical for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

p.30

Frailty in older adults

What aspect of health does the digestive system impact in older adults?
A) Vision and hearing
B) Frailty
C) Skin elasticity
D) Muscle strength
E) Bone density

B) Frailty

Explanation: The digestive system's efficiency in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients is crucial for maintaining health and preventing frailty in older adults.

p.2

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a component of basic anatomy and physiology?
A) Prefixes and suffixes
B) Body planes and directional terms
C) Levels of structural organization
D) Psychological theories
E) Organ systems

D) Psychological theories

Explanation: Basic anatomy and physiology focus on the structure and function of the body, while psychological theories pertain to mental processes and behaviors, making them unrelated to this topic.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which term refers to the back direction of the body?
A) Anterior
B) Superior
C) Inferior
D) Posterior
E) Medial

D) Posterior

Explanation: The term 'Posterior' (or Dorsal) refers to the back direction of the body, indicating structures that are located toward the back.

p.14

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which structure is located at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, inferior to the nose and superior to the collarbones?
A) Sternum
B) Clavicle
C) Mandible
D) Thyroid gland
E) Trachea

A) Sternum

Explanation: The sternum is located at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, positioned inferior to the nose and superior to the collarbones, making it the correct anatomical reference in this context.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

Which basic need is primarily concerned with maintaining body temperature?
A) Food (Nutrition)
B) Water (Hydration)
C) Clothing (Temperature control)
D) Sleep
E) Personal hygiene

C) Clothing (Temperature control)

Explanation: Clothing serves the basic need of temperature control, helping to maintain body temperature and protect against environmental conditions.

p.29

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Where does gaseous exchange occur in the respiratory system?
A) In the heart
B) In the air sacs of the lungs
C) In the trachea
D) In the nasal cavity
E) In the diaphragm

B) In the air sacs of the lungs

Explanation: Gaseous exchange occurs in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled, facilitating respiration.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix means 'without' or 'lacking'?
A) Bi-
B) A-/An-
C) Poly-
D) Dys-
E) Tri-

B) A-/An-

Explanation: The prefixes 'A-' and 'An-' indicate 'without' or 'lacking', as demonstrated in the term 'Anaemia', which refers to a deficiency of red blood cells.

p.4

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of gerontology?
A) The study of childhood development
B) The scientific study of old age and the process of growing old
C) The treatment of infectious diseases
D) The study of animal behavior
E) The analysis of economic trends

B) The scientific study of old age and the process of growing old

Explanation: Gerontology is defined as the scientific study of old age and the aging process, emphasizing its importance in understanding the changes that occur as individuals grow older.

p.28

Organ Systems Overview

What type of cells does the lymphatic system house for immunity?
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Neurons
D) Lymphocytes
E) Erythrocytes

D) Lymphocytes

Explanation: The lymphatic system houses white blood cells known as lymphocytes, which play a crucial role in the immune response, helping the body to fight infections.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Sagittal Plane divide the body into?
A) Front and back
B) Top and bottom
C) Left and right
D) Upper and lower
E) Anterior and posterior

C) Left and right

Explanation: The Sagittal Plane, also known as the Median Plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts, making it essential for understanding body orientation.

p.26

Organ Systems Overview

Which of the following processes is NOT regulated by hormones from the endocrine system?
A) Growth
B) Reproduction
C) Nutrient use by cells
D) Blood filtration
E) Metabolism

D) Blood filtration

Explanation: Blood filtration is primarily a function of the kidneys, not regulated by hormones from the endocrine system, which focuses on growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What does the motor/efferent division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) do?
A) Transmits messages from sensory receptors to the CNS
B) Transmits messages from CNS to effector organs
C) Controls sensations
D) Regulates blood pressure
E) Processes sensory information

B) Transmits messages from CNS to effector organs

Explanation: The motor/efferent division of the PNS transmits messages from the Central Nervous System to effector organs, such as muscles for contraction and glands for secretion.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What concept describes the relationship between structure and function in the body?
A) Independence of systems
B) Complementarity of structure and function
C) Interdependence of organs
D) Hierarchy of needs
E) Evolutionary adaptation

B) Complementarity of structure and function

Explanation: The concept of complementarity of structure and function emphasizes that the form of a body part is intrinsically linked to its function, which is a key principle in anatomy and physiology.

p.27

Interdisciplinary Approach in Gerontology

In the context of cardiovascular health, which conditions are covered in the course GRON3211?
A) Diabetes and obesity
B) Heart disease and stroke
C) Respiratory diseases
D) Kidney failure
E) Cancer

B) Heart disease and stroke

Explanation: The course GRON3211 specifically addresses topics related to heart disease and stroke, which are critical components of cardiovascular health.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which suffix indicates a condition of paralysis?
A) -emia
B) -plegia
C) -itis
D) -pnea
E) -megaly

B) -plegia

Explanation: The suffix '-plegia' signifies paralysis, as illustrated by terms such as hemiplegia and quadriplegia.

p.19

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following is located at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, inferior to the nose and superior to the heart?
A) Mouth
B) Eyes
C) Ears
D) Chin
E) Neck

A) Mouth

Explanation: The mouth is positioned at the anterior side of the body, along the medial line, and is located inferior to the nose and superior to the heart, making it the correct answer.

p.31

Organ Systems Overview

How does the urinary system help maintain homeostasis in the body?
A) By regulating body temperature
B) By regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
C) By producing red blood cells
D) By facilitating digestion
E) By storing fat

B) By regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

Explanation: The urinary system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the balance of water, electrolytes, and acid-base levels in the blood.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'Cardio-' refer to?
A) Muscle
B) Blood
C) Heart
D) Bone
E) Nerve

C) Heart

Explanation: The prefix 'Cardio-' specifically refers to the heart, as seen in the term 'Cardiology', which is the study of the heart.

p.29

Gerontology and Geriatrics

Which condition is specifically mentioned in relation to the respiratory system in the course GRON3211?
A) Asthma
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Pneumonia
D) Lung cancer
E) Tuberculosis

B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Explanation: The course GRON3211 covers chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), highlighting its relevance to the study of the respiratory system and its disorders.

p.28

Organ Systems Overview

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) To produce hormones
B) To pick up fluid leaked from blood vessels and return it to the blood
C) To digest food
D) To circulate oxygen in the body
E) To filter waste from the blood

B) To pick up fluid leaked from blood vessels and return it to the blood

Explanation: The lymphatic system is primarily responsible for picking up excess fluid that leaks from blood vessels and returning it to the bloodstream, maintaining fluid balance in the body.

p.22

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What does the integumentary system synthesize?
A) Hormones
B) Enzymes
C) Vitamin D
D) Proteins
E) Carbohydrates

C) Vitamin D

Explanation: One of the key functions of the integumentary system is the synthesis of vitamin D, which is essential for various bodily functions, including calcium absorption.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

Which of the following is NOT a standard body plane?
A) Sagittal Plane
B) Coronal Plane
C) Transverse Plane
D) Lateral Plane
E) Frontal Plane

D) Lateral Plane

Explanation: The standard body planes include sagittal, coronal (frontal), and transverse planes. The lateral plane is not recognized as a standard anatomical plane.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which direction do the palms face in the anatomical position?
A) Backward
B) To the sides
C) Forward
D) Downward
E) Upward

C) Forward

Explanation: In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face forward, which is an important aspect of this standard reference position.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'hypo-' mean?
A) Above; beyond
B) Under; deficit
C) Slow
D) Fast
E) After

B) Under; deficit

Explanation: The prefix 'hypo-' indicates a condition that is below normal or under, as seen in terms like hypotension and hypoglycemia.

p.18

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which directional term means 'toward the head'?
A) Inferior
B) Superior
C) Lateral
D) Medial
E) Distal

B) Superior

Explanation: The term 'superior' is used to describe a position that is toward the head or upper part of the body, which is a fundamental directional term in anatomy.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

How does blood enter the right atrium of the heart?
A) Through the pulmonary veins
B) Through the aorta
C) Via the Superior and Inferior vena cava
D) Through the coronary arteries
E) Through the left atrium

C) Via the Superior and Inferior vena cava

Explanation: Blood enters the right atrium of the heart through the Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava, which are major veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body.

p.34

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Which of the following is a component of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A) Self-actualization
B) Genetic predisposition
C) Environmental factors
D) Cognitive development
E) Social interaction

A) Self-actualization

Explanation: Self-actualization is one of the highest levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the fulfillment of personal potential and self-improvement.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which term describes a position toward the head end of the body?
A) Inferior
B) Lateral
C) Superior
D) Medial
E) Posterior

C) Superior

Explanation: The term 'Superior' (or Cranial) refers to the upper part of a structure or direction toward the head end, contrasting with 'Inferior,' which indicates a position away from the head.

p.1

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which subject is covered in Week 1 of GRON3112?
A) Advanced pharmacology
B) Basic anatomy and physiology
C) Nutrition for the elderly
D) Mental health in aging
E) Rehabilitation techniques

B) Basic anatomy and physiology

Explanation: Week 1 of the course covers basic anatomy and physiology, which is essential for understanding the physical aspects of care in gerontology.

p.23

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?
A) Producing hormones
B) Supporting and protecting body organs
C) Digesting food
D) Circulating blood
E) Regulating temperature

B) Supporting and protecting body organs

Explanation: The skeletal system is essential for providing structural support and protection for the body's organs, making it a fundamental component of human anatomy.

p.23

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A) Movement
B) Blood cell formation
C) Storing minerals
D) Producing energy
E) Protecting organs

D) Producing energy

Explanation: While the skeletal system supports movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage, it does not produce energy, which is primarily the function of metabolic processes in cells.

p.3

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

Which of the following best describes the difference between Gerontology and Geriatrics?
A) Gerontology is a medical field, while Geriatrics is a social science
B) Gerontology studies aging, while Geriatrics focuses on medical care for the elderly
C) Gerontology is only about physical health, while Geriatrics includes mental health
D) Gerontology is for young people, while Geriatrics is for old people
E) There is no difference; they are the same field

B) Gerontology studies aging, while Geriatrics focuses on medical care for the elderly

Explanation: The key difference is that Gerontology encompasses a broader study of aging, while Geriatrics is specifically concerned with the medical care and treatment of older adults.

p.5

Gerontology and Geriatrics

Why is studying Gerontology considered personal and meaningful?
A) It focuses solely on historical events
B) It relates to the aging process that affects everyone
C) It is only relevant to healthcare professionals
D) It has no impact on society
E) It is a purely academic subject

B) It relates to the aging process that affects everyone

Explanation: Studying Gerontology is personal and meaningful because it addresses the aging process that impacts everyone, making it relevant to individuals and society as a whole.

p.27

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?
A) To filter blood
B) To pump blood
C) To produce hormones
D) To absorb nutrients
E) To regulate temperature

B) To pump blood

Explanation: The heart's main function in the cardiovascular system is to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones while removing waste products.

p.21

Organ Systems Overview

Which organ system is responsible for gas exchange in the body?
A) Digestive system
B) Nervous system
C) Respiratory system
D) Muscular system
E) Endocrine system

C) Respiratory system

Explanation: The respiratory system is specifically responsible for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

p.5

Gerontology and Geriatrics

How can studying Gerontology help you assist others?
A) By providing financial advice
B) By helping them age successfully
C) By teaching them to avoid aging
D) By encouraging unhealthy habits
E) By isolating them from society

B) By helping them age successfully

Explanation: Knowledge in Gerontology equips individuals with the tools to support those around them in aging successfully, promoting healthier lifestyles and well-being.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which term describes a position farther away from the midline?
A) Medial
B) Proximal
C) Distal
D) Lateral
E) Sagittal

D) Lateral

Explanation: 'Lateral' refers to a position on the side or farther away from the midline, such as the arms being lateral to the chest.

p.21

Organ Systems Overview

Which organ system is primarily responsible for movement?
A) Nervous system
B) Muscular system
C) Skeletal system
D) Cardiovascular system
E) Integumentary system

B) Muscular system

Explanation: The muscular system is primarily responsible for movement, working in conjunction with the skeletal system to facilitate motion.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
A) Controlling sensations
B) Transmitting messages to muscles
C) Processing sensory information
D) Regulating homeostasis
E) Producing hormones

E) Producing hormones

Explanation: The Central Nervous System (CNS) is involved in controlling sensations, processing sensory information, and regulating homeostasis, but it does not produce hormones; that function is primarily associated with the endocrine system.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What can cause Tachycardia?
A) Low blood pressure
B) Stress and certain drugs
C) High body temperature
D) Dehydration
E) Hypoglycemia

B) Stress and certain drugs

Explanation: Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, may result from stress and the influence of certain drugs, highlighting the body's response to various stimuli.

p.33

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which structures in the female reproductive system are primarily involved in fertilization and fetus development?
A) Ovaries
B) Mammary glands
C) Fallopian tubes and uterus
D) Vagina
E) Cervix

C) Fallopian tubes and uterus

Explanation: The fallopian tubes serve as the site for fertilization, while the uterus is where the fetus develops during pregnancy.

p.24

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is a function of the muscular system related to facial expression?
A) Breathing
B) Smiling
C) Digestion
D) Blood filtration
E) Nutrient absorption

B) Smiling

Explanation: The muscular system plays a crucial role in facial expressions, such as smiling, which is facilitated by specific facial muscles.

p.22

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
A) To regulate body temperature
B) To provide external body covering
C) To aid in digestion
D) To support the skeletal system
E) To circulate blood

B) To provide external body covering

Explanation: The integumentary system serves as the external body covering, protecting deeper tissues from various injuries and environmental factors.

p.3

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the main focus of Geriatrics?
A) Study of aging processes
B) Medical care for older adults
C) Psychological counseling for the elderly
D) Nutrition for children
E) Physical therapy for athletes

B) Medical care for older adults

Explanation: Geriatrics is a branch of medicine that specifically focuses on the health care and treatment of older adults, addressing their unique medical needs and conditions.

p.30

Organ Systems Overview

What is the primary function of the digestive system?
A) To circulate blood throughout the body
B) To break down food into absorbable units
C) To regulate body temperature
D) To produce hormones
E) To filter waste from the blood

B) To break down food into absorbable units

Explanation: The main function of the digestive system is to break down food into absorbable units that can enter the blood for distribution, facilitating nutrient absorption.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What are the main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
A) Brain and heart
B) Brain and lungs
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Spinal cord and nerves
E) Brain and kidneys

C) Brain and spinal cord

Explanation: The Central Nervous System (CNS) is primarily composed of the brain and spinal cord, which play crucial roles in controlling sensations and motor skills.

p.7

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

How do functions relate to structure in the body?
A) Functions are independent of structure
B) Functions always reflect the structure
C) Structure is irrelevant to function
D) Structure and function are unrelated
E) Functions dictate structure

B) Functions always reflect the structure

Explanation: The relationship between structure and function is fundamental in anatomy and physiology, where the design of a body part directly influences its function.

p.34

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of gerontology?
A) Treatment of diseases
B) Study of the aging process
C) Surgical procedures
D) Nutrition for the elderly
E) Rehabilitation techniques

B) Study of the aging process

Explanation: Gerontology is defined as the study of the aging process, distinguishing it from geriatrics, which focuses on medical treatment and diseases in older adults.

p.2

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of gerontology?
A) Study of plant life
B) Study of aging and the elderly
C) Study of animal behavior
D) Study of human anatomy
E) Study of environmental science

B) Study of aging and the elderly

Explanation: Gerontology is the field dedicated to the study of aging and the various aspects related to the elderly population, including their health, social, and psychological needs.

p.5

Gerontology and Geriatrics

Why might someone become a caregiver in relation to Gerontology?
A) They will never need to care for anyone
B) They may have family or friends who require assistance
C) Caregiving is unrelated to aging
D) It is a temporary job with no long-term impact
E) Caregiving is only for healthcare professionals

B) They may have family or friends who require assistance

Explanation: Many individuals may find themselves in caregiving roles as they encounter aging family members or friends, making Gerontology relevant to their personal lives.

p.32

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which structures aid in the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract?
A) Ovaries and fallopian tubes
B) Uterus and cervix
C) Penis, sperm ducts, and glands
D) Bladder and urethra
E) Testes and epididymis

C) Penis, sperm ducts, and glands

Explanation: The penis, sperm ducts, and glands work together to facilitate the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract, playing a crucial role in reproduction.

p.32

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What role do male sex hormones play in the male reproductive system?
A) They are responsible for producing eggs
B) They regulate the menstrual cycle
C) They influence the development of male characteristics and reproductive functions
D) They are only produced during puberty
E) They have no significant role

C) They influence the development of male characteristics and reproductive functions

Explanation: Male sex hormones, primarily testosterone, are crucial for the development of male characteristics and the regulation of reproductive functions.

p.2

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What do body planes refer to?
A) Different types of clothing
B) Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections
C) Types of physical exercises
D) Levels of education
E) Types of transportation

B) Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections

Explanation: Body planes are imaginary lines used in anatomy to divide the body into sections, which helps in understanding the location and relationship of different body parts.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which suffix is associated with breathing?
A) -itis
B) -pnea
C) -uria
D) -pathy
E) -saccharide

B) -pnea

Explanation: The suffix '-pnea' relates to breathing, as demonstrated by the term apnea.

p.1

Gerontology and Geriatrics

What is the primary focus of the course GRON3112?
A) Advanced surgical techniques
B) Basic care in gerontology
C) Pediatric nursing
D) Emergency medical services
E) Mental health counseling

B) Basic care in gerontology

Explanation: The course GRON3112 is specifically focused on basic care in gerontology, which involves understanding the needs and care practices for the aging population.

p.6

Basic Needs in Aging

What basic need is associated with maintaining personal dignity?
A) Food (Nutrition)
B) Security and Safety
C) Personal hygiene
D) Sleep
E) Water (Hydration)

C) Personal hygiene

Explanation: Personal hygiene is essential for maintaining dignity, as it involves practices that promote cleanliness and health, contributing to an individual's self-respect.

p.1

Gerontology and Geriatrics

When does the course GRON3112 start?
A) 01 Sept 2024
B) 03 Sept 2024
C) 05 Sept 2024
D) 10 Sept 2024
E) 15 Sept 2024

B) 03 Sept 2024

Explanation: The course GRON3112 is scheduled to start on 03 Sept 2024, marking the beginning of the academic term.

p.23

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Where are blood cells formed within the skeletal system?
A) In the skin
B) In the muscles
C) In the red bone marrow
D) In the brain
E) In the liver

C) In the red bone marrow

Explanation: Blood cells are formed within the red bone marrow, which is found in certain bones, highlighting the skeletal system's role in hematopoiesis.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the anatomical position of the body?
A) Lying down with arms crossed
B) Standing upright with feet at shoulder width
C) Sitting with legs crossed
D) Bent forward with hands on knees
E) Lying on the back with arms at the sides

B) Standing upright with feet at shoulder width

Explanation: The anatomical position is defined as the body standing upright, with feet at shoulder width, which serves as a standard reference point in anatomy.

p.28

Organ Systems Overview

Which of the following statements is true about the lymphatic system?
A) It is primarily involved in digestion.
B) It helps in the transportation of oxygen.
C) It returns leaked fluid to the blood.
D) It produces red blood cells.
E) It is not involved in immunity.

C) It returns leaked fluid to the blood.

Explanation: One of the key functions of the lymphatic system is to return fluid that has leaked from blood vessels back to the bloodstream, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Coronal Plane divide the body into?
A) Left and Right
B) Top and Bottom
C) Front and Back
D) Upper and Lower
E) Anterior and Posterior

C) Front and Back

Explanation: The Coronal Plane, also known as the Frontal Plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

p.26

Organ Systems Overview

Which bodily process is influenced by the hormones secreted by the endocrine system?
A) Digestion
B) Muscle contraction
C) Hormonal balance
D) Growth
E) Respiration

D) Growth

Explanation: The endocrine system secretes hormones that directly influence growth, among other processes such as reproduction and nutrient utilization.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix means 'fast'?
A) Brady-
B) Pre-
C) Post-
D) Hyper-
E) Tachy-

E) Tachy-

Explanation: The prefix 'tachy-' is used to denote a fast condition, such as in tachycardia, which refers to an increased heart rate.

p.5

Gerontology and Geriatrics

What kind of changes can studying Gerontology inspire?
A) Changes in personal hobbies
B) Changes in policy, atmosphere, and environment
C) Changes in fashion trends
D) Changes in technology unrelated to aging
E) Changes in entertainment preferences

B) Changes in policy, atmosphere, and environment

Explanation: Studying Gerontology can motivate individuals to advocate for changes in policies and environments that promote better aging experiences for everyone.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix means 'after'?
A) Pre-
B) Post-
C) Hyper-
D) Hypo-
E) Tachy-

B) Post-

Explanation: The prefix 'post-' is used to indicate something that occurs after a certain event, such as in postoperative, which refers to the period following surgery.

p.32

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the primary purpose of the sperm ducts in the male reproductive system?
A) To produce sperm
B) To store urine
C) To transport sperm from the testes to the penis
D) To regulate hormone levels
E) To provide nourishment to sperm

C) To transport sperm from the testes to the penis

Explanation: The sperm ducts, also known as vas deferens, are responsible for transporting sperm from the testes to the penis for ejaculation.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-megaly' mean?
A) Examine
B) Enlargement
C) Eating
D) Blood condition
E) Paralysis

B) Enlargement

Explanation: The suffix '-megaly' indicates enlargement, as seen in the term cardiomegaly.

p.31

Organ Systems Overview

What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?
A) Producing hormones
B) Eliminating nitrogenous waste
C) Digesting food
D) Circulating blood
E) Storing energy

B) Eliminating nitrogenous waste

Explanation: The urinary system is primarily responsible for eliminating nitrogenous waste from the body, which is a crucial function for maintaining overall health.

p.20

Levels of Structural Organization

What combines to form an organ at the organ level?
A) Atoms
B) Molecules
C) Similar cells
D) Different tissues
E) Organ systems

D) Different tissues

Explanation: At the organ level, two or more different types of tissues combine to form an organ, which is a more complex structure than tissues alone.

p.11

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix means 'muscle'?
A) Neuro-
B) Hepat-
C) Musculo-
D) Oesophago-
E) Hemato-

C) Musculo-

Explanation: The prefix 'Musculo-' denotes muscle, as illustrated in the term 'Musculoskeletal', which pertains to muscles and the skeleton.

p.22

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What type of sensory receptors are found in the integumentary system?
A) Only pain receptors
B) Only temperature receptors
C) Pain, pressure, and temperature receptors
D) Only pressure receptors
E) Only touch receptors

C) Pain, pressure, and temperature receptors

Explanation: The integumentary system contains various sensory receptors that detect pain, pressure, and temperature, allowing the body to respond to environmental stimuli.

p.10

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which prefix means 'many' or 'excessive'?
A) Hemi-
B) Poly-
C) Tri-
D) Mal-
E) Tetra-

B) Poly-

Explanation: The prefix 'Poly-' signifies 'many' or 'excessive', as illustrated in the term 'Polyuria', which refers to excessive urination.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

In the anatomical position, how are the upper limbs positioned?
A) Crossed over the chest
B) Hanging down at the sides
C) Raised above the head
D) Bent at the elbows
E) Resting on the hips

B) Hanging down at the sides

Explanation: In the anatomical position, the upper limbs are positioned at the sides of the body, which is crucial for standardizing anatomical references.

p.25

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What is the function of the sensory/afferent division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
A) Transmit messages from CNS to muscles
B) Transmit messages from sensory receptors to the CNS
C) Control motor skills
D) Regulate homeostasis
E) Transmit messages from the brain to the heart

B) Transmit messages from sensory receptors to the CNS

Explanation: The sensory/afferent division of the PNS is responsible for transmitting messages from sensory receptors throughout the body to the Central Nervous System.

p.16

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the term 'medial' refer to in anatomical terminology?
A) Farther from the midline
B) At the midline or toward the midline
C) Close to the trunk
D) On the side
E) Farther from the trunk

B) At the midline or toward the midline

Explanation: 'Medial' indicates a position at the midline or a direction toward the midline, such as the heart being medial to the arms.

p.34

Differences Between Gerontology and Geriatrics

What does geriatrics primarily deal with?
A) Aging theories
B) Psychological aspects of aging
C) Diseases and treatment in older adults
D) Nutritional needs of the elderly
E) Social issues related to aging

C) Diseases and treatment in older adults

Explanation: Geriatrics is a branch of medicine that focuses specifically on the diseases and treatment of older adults, contrasting with gerontology's broader study of aging.

p.13

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the position of the feet in the anatomical position?
A) Flat on the ground with toes forward
B) Elevated off the ground
C) Pointed outward
D) Crossed at the ankles
E) Tucked under the body

A) Flat on the ground with toes forward

Explanation: In the anatomical position, the feet are flat on the ground with toes pointing forward, which is essential for establishing a clear reference point in anatomy.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Transverse Plane divide the body into?
A) Front and Back
B) Left and Right
C) Top and Bottom
D) Anterior and Posterior
E) Superior and Inferior

C) Top and Bottom

Explanation: The Transverse Plane, also known as the Horizontal Plane, divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

p.32

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Which of the following is NOT a part of the male reproductive system?
A) Testes
B) Penis
C) Sperm ducts
D) Uterus
E) Glands

D) Uterus

Explanation: The uterus is part of the female reproductive system, while the testes, penis, sperm ducts, and glands are components of the male reproductive system.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What role do hormones released by the hypothalamus play?
A) They directly regulate blood pressure
B) They stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones
C) They control heart rate
D) They manage digestion
E) They influence respiratory rate

B) They stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones

Explanation: Hormones released by the hypothalamus play a crucial role in stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release various hormones, which are essential for regulating numerous bodily functions.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-uria' refer to?
A) In the urine
B) Heart condition
C) Blood condition
D) Inflammation
E) Enlargement

A) In the urine

Explanation: The suffix '-uria' indicates a condition related to urine, as seen in terms like polyuria.

p.26

Organ Systems Overview

What is a key characteristic of the hormones produced by the endocrine system?
A) They are produced in large quantities
B) They act quickly and are short-lived
C) They regulate long-term bodily processes
D) They are only active during childhood
E) They are only produced in response to stress

C) They regulate long-term bodily processes

Explanation: Hormones produced by the endocrine system typically regulate long-term bodily processes, such as growth and metabolism, rather than acting quickly.

p.8

Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

What condition may result from low body temperature?
A) Tachycardia
B) Hypertension
C) Bradycardia
D) Hyperthermia
E) Arrhythmia

C) Bradycardia

Explanation: Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, may result from low body temperature, indicating how physiological responses can be affected by environmental factors.

p.34

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
A) Sagittal/Median
B) Coronal/Frontal
C) Transverse/Horizontal
D) Lateral
E) Distal

B) Coronal/Frontal

Explanation: The coronal or frontal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections, which is essential for understanding anatomical orientation.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-emia' signify?
A) Enlargement
B) Inflammation
C) Blood condition
D) Breathing
E) Diseases

C) Blood condition

Explanation: The suffix '-emia' refers to a blood condition, as seen in examples like hyperglycemia and anaemia.

p.18

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

What does the term 'transverse plane' refer to?
A) A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
B) A plane that divides the body into left and right parts
C) A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
D) A vertical plane through the body
E) A plane that does not divide the body

C) A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Explanation: The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections, which is important for anatomical reference.

p.15

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the Transverse Plane divide the body into?
A) Left and right
B) Front and back
C) Top and bottom
D) Anterior and posterior
E) Medial and lateral

C) Top and bottom

Explanation: The Transverse Plane, also known as the Horizontal Plane, divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts, which is crucial for understanding body sections.

p.8

Basic Needs in Aging

What was the condition of the 14 elderly individuals rushed to the hospital?
A) Hyperthermia
B) Hypothermia
C) Dehydration
D) Heart attack
E) Stroke

B) Hypothermia

Explanation: The 14 elderly individuals were rushed to the hospital with hypothermia, a condition characterized by dangerously low body temperature, with 4 of them being in critical condition.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which suffix refers to sugar?
A) -megaly
B) -saccharide
C) -emia
D) -phagia
E) -themia

B) -saccharide

Explanation: The suffix '-saccharide' pertains to sugar, as illustrated by terms like monosaccharide and disaccharide.

p.27

Basic Needs in Aging

What is a key focus of GRON3112?
A) Nutrition for older adults
B) Basic health assessment
C) Mental health in aging
D) Physical therapy techniques
E) Medication management

B) Basic health assessment

Explanation: GRON3112 focuses on basic health assessment, which is essential for understanding and evaluating the cardiovascular system and overall health in older adults.

p.9

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the prefix 'hyper-' mean?
A) Under; deficit
B) Before
C) After
D) Above; beyond
E) Slow

D) Above; beyond

Explanation: The prefix 'hyper-' indicates a condition that is above normal or excessive, as seen in terms like hypertension and hyperglycemia.

p.34

Organ Systems Overview

How many organ systems are there in the human body?
A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 8
E) 6

B) 12

Explanation: There are 12 recognized organ systems in the human body, each with specific functions that contribute to overall health and homeostasis.

p.2

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the anatomical position?
A) Standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward
B) Lying down on the back
C) Sitting with legs crossed
D) Standing with arms raised
E) Kneeling on one knee

A) Standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward

Explanation: The anatomical position is a standardized way of describing the body, where a person stands upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward, providing a clear reference for anatomical terminology.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-cardia' refer to?
A) Blood condition
B) Heart condition
C) Inflammation
D) Enlargement
E) Breathing

B) Heart condition

Explanation: The suffix '-cardia' is used to denote a heart condition, as seen in terms like tachycardia and bradycardia.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which suffix is used to indicate examination?
A) -pathy
B) -scopy
C) -uria
D) -pnea
E) -themia

B) -scopy

Explanation: The suffix '-scopy' is used to denote examination, as in endoscopy.

p.34

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What is the anatomical position?
A) Lying down on the side
B) Standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward
C) Sitting with legs crossed
D) Lying flat on the back
E) Standing with arms raised

B) Standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward

Explanation: The anatomical position is a standard reference point in anatomy where the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

p.34

Levels of Structural Organization

What is the correct order of the levels of structural organization in the human body?
A) Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organ systems, organismal
B) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, organismal
C) Organ systems, organismal, chemical, cellular, tissue, organ
D) Cellular, chemical, organ systems, tissue, organ, organismal
E) Organismal, organ systems, tissue, cellular, chemical, organ

B) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ systems, organismal

Explanation: The correct order of the levels of structural organization starts from the chemical level and progresses to the organismal level, illustrating the complexity of biological systems.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-pathy' refer to?
A) Diseases
B) Inflammation
C) Breathing
D) Sugar
E) Heart condition

A) Diseases

Explanation: The suffix '-pathy' signifies diseases, as seen in terms like neuropathy and retinopathy.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the term 'Superior' indicate?
A) Toward the front
B) Toward the back
C) Toward the lower part
D) Toward the upper part
E) Toward the side

D) Toward the upper part

Explanation: The term 'Superior' (or Cranial) indicates the upper part of a structure or direction toward the head end of the body.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-itis' indicate?
A) Sugar
B) Inflammation
C) Enlargement
D) Diseases
E) Heart condition

B) Inflammation

Explanation: The suffix '-itis' denotes inflammation, as seen in terms like gastritis.

p.2

Levels of Structural Organization

What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
A) Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
B) Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs
C) Cells, organs, organisms, ecosystems
D) Tissues, organs, organisms, populations
E) Cells, tissues, organisms, environments

A) Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Explanation: The levels of structural organization in the human body are hierarchical, starting from cells and progressing to tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally the organism as a whole.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

What does the suffix '-themia' indicate?
A) Eating
B) Blood condition
C) Temperature, state of heat
D) Enlargement
E) Inflammation

C) Temperature, state of heat

Explanation: The suffix '-themia' refers to temperature or state of heat, as illustrated by the term hypothermia.

p.17

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following is an example of an Inferior relationship?
A) The heart is superior to the abdomen
B) The breastbone is inferior to the chin
C) The spine is posterior to the breastbone
D) The breastbone is anterior to the spine
E) The lungs are superior to the diaphragm

B) The breastbone is inferior to the chin

Explanation: The example illustrates an Inferior relationship, where the breastbone is positioned below the chin, indicating a direction away from the head.

p.12

Language of Anatomy and Physiology

Which suffix indicates eating or swallowing?
A) -uria
B) -phagia
C) -plegia
D) -scopy
E) -cardia

B) -phagia

Explanation: The suffix '-phagia' relates to eating or swallowing, as seen in the term dysphagia.

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