What type of protective equipment is necessary for droplet precautions?
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A mask.
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What type of protective equipment is necessary for droplet precautions?
A mask.
What is the primary use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
To produce images of bone and soft tissue, valuable for diagnosing spinal lesions and brain studies.
What diseases require droplet precautions?
Pertussis, influenza, and diphtheria.
What is a common application of X-ray in physical therapy?
To assist with the diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology such as fractures, dislocations, and bone loss.
What action does the tibialis anterior perform at the ankle joint?
Dorsiflexion and assists with inversion of the foot.
What is the most effective strategy to control observer influence on children's performance?
Have an observer spend time with the children before direct observation.
What happens if the scapula is not stabilized during glenohumeral abduction measurement?
The obtained range of motion value will be greater than the actual amount of glenohumeral abduction available.
What is the best indicator that a patient is at minimal risk of acquiring a deep vein thrombosis after surgery?
Ability to ambulate on a frequent schedule.
What is the significance of active movement for palpating the tibialis anterior tendon?
Active movement makes the tendon more prominent for palpation.
Which body position places the most pressure on the lumbar spine?
Sitting in a chair slouching forward.
What motions are expected to be weak and painful in a patient with piriformis syndrome?
Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh.
What serious medical condition can result from deep vein thrombosis?
An embolus, which may obstruct a selected artery.
What does a simple random sample ensure in research?
That every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being chosen.
What muscle can a patient with a complete C5 spinal cord injury utilize?
Brachioradialis.
Where is the most appropriate location to elicit the brachioradialis reflex?
Styloid process of the radius.
What is a significant source of error in a test-retest design for measuring reliability?
Change in subject situation over time.
What heart sound is associated with the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves?
S1.
What is the role of the piriformis muscle in relation to the sciatic nerve?
The piriformis muscle can irritate the sciatic nerve, causing pain in the buttock and referred pain along the sciatic nerve.
What is the purpose of using pneumatic compression devices and elastic stockings after surgery?
To help prevent coagulation and the formation of a thrombus.
How is sitting balance graded for a patient requiring minimal assistance?
As poor.
What should a therapist do if they observe clear drainage from a distal pin site during an exercise session?
Use a gauze pad to absorb the drainage and continue with the exercise session.
What is the normal range for glenohumeral abduction?
0 - 120 degrees.
What does the S3 heart sound indicate?
Rapid filling of the ventricle early in diastole.
What is indicative of a grade of poor in balance assessment?
A person unable to maintain balance in sitting without external support or assistance.
Why is ambulation preferred over ankle pumps and muscle setting exercises for preventing deep vein thrombosis?
Ambulation generates significant muscle pumping action compared to isolated exercises.
What is the role of the tibialis posterior in ankle movement?
It inverts the foot and assists with plantar flexion.
What should a physical therapist do when a patient with a head injury begins to perseverate?
Guide the patient into an interesting new activity and reward successful completion of the task.
What does the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) assess?
The repeatability of scores from one test administration to another.
What does a grade of 'normal' in sitting balance indicate?
The person can sit unsupported and accept maximal challenge without loss of balance.
In which position should a physical therapist test a patient's hip adductors?
Sidelying.
What is perseveration?
The continued repetition of a word, phrase, or movement.
What muscles are included in the hip adductors?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracilis.
What is the best intervention for a patient exhibiting perseveration?
Redirect the patient away from the current activity.
What condition is characterized by tenderness and sensitivity to pressure in the hand?
Dupuytren’s contracture.
What should a male physical therapist do if a female patient is uneasy about changing into a gown?
Bring a female staff member into the treatment room and continue with treatment.
What is the primary symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Sensory changes and paresthesias along the median nerve distribution.
What action is most likely to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia post-CVA?
Turn the head to the affected side.
What is the primary function of the pronator teres?
To pronate the forearm and assist in flexion of the elbow joint.
What is the most appropriate diagnostic tool for a grade II anterior cruciate ligament injury?
X-ray.
What reflex is involved when turning the head to the affected side to facilitate elbow extension?
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR).
Which nerve innervates the pronator teres?
The median nerve (C6 - C7).
What does a grade II anterior cruciate ligament injury typically present with?
Moderate pain and swelling, minimal instability, and decreased range of motion.
What happens when the head is turned to the unaffected side in a patient post-CVA?
The unaffected upper extremity will extend and the affected upper extremity will flex.
What is the role of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
To extend the wrist and assist in wrist abduction.
What is Dupuytren’s contracture?
A contracture of the palmar fascia resulting in a flexion deformity of the involved joints.
Which nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
The radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).
What is De Quervain’s disease?
Inflammation of the sheath surrounding the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.
What actions does the latissimus dorsi perform when the origin is fixed?
Medially rotates, adducts, and extends the shoulder joint.
What does a grade of 2+ indicate in deep tendon reflex assessment?
A normal response.
What clinical condition is suggested by an absent right Achilles tendon reflex?
Peripheral neuropathy.
What is the desired response when a patient reaches for an object beyond arm's length?
Right trunk elongation, right weight shift, left hip hiking.
How can a physical therapist facilitate palpation of the tibialis posterior tendon?
By asking the patient to invert and plantar flex the foot.
How is the biceps reflex tested?
By tapping over the biceps tendon in the antecubital fossa.
What does decreased breath sounds and decreased fremitus indicate?
Most likely pleural effusion.
What is pleural effusion?
An accumulation of fluid between the layers of the membrane that lines the lungs and the chest cavity.
Which medical diagnosis is most often associated with a reciprocating gait orthosis?
Spina bifida.
What is the most appropriate position to initiate effective cough treatment after thoracic surgery?
Sitting upright.
What is the purpose of a reciprocating gait orthosis?
To assist the child in advancing the lower extremities during ambulation.
What is the clinical presentation of pulmonary edema?
Accumulation of fluid in the alveolar spaces, often associated with decreased breath sounds and increased fremitus.
What is the significance of the hooklying position in cough production?
It does not promote maximal inhalation needed for an effective cough.
