01. Basic electronics Student Handbook

Voltage & Current.

Basics of Semiconductor.

The structure of atoms.

It represents different energy levels or orbits of electrons.

80 GSM CBSE Water Mark White Maplitho.

Bohr’s Atomic Model.

It drifts perpendicular to both fields and exhibits spiral motion along the magnetic field.

The energy level corresponding to n=∞, where an electron can be detached from the atom.

2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110092.

Types of extrinsic semiconductors.

Current due to the movement of charge carriers in an electric field.

They move about the nucleus in discrete circular orbits without radiating energy.

Permanent magnets that pull on ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, or nickel.

It is important for navigation and shields the Earth's atmosphere from solar wind.

The lowest energy state that an electron occupies.

Central Board of Secondary Education.

To provide guidance and information for Class XI students.

Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering.

Basic Electronics Student Handbook, Class - XI.

Negative elementary electric charge, denoted as -19e.

9.1 x 10^-31 Kg.

Ampere per square meter (A/m²).

Not specified in the provided text.

The force on a unit positive charge placed at that point in the field.

From 3.894 V for cesium to 24.587 V for helium.

a = (1.25)

Michael Faraday.

Electron Gun, Deflection System, and Fluorescent Screen.

v = (1.26)

A two-element electron tube invented by John Fleming in 1897.

Sh. Rakesh Kr. Dhammi, HOD, Department of Mechatronics, Delhi.

Smt. Anita Karwal, IAS.

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Picometers (trillionths of a meter).

A highly evacuated funnel-shaped glass tube.

Physical Electronics and Electronics Engineering.

By studying ionization induced by electron impact or measuring the energy of photons during photoionization.

Very Large Scale Integration.

The kinetic energy of electrons is converted into light emission, creating a small light spot.

The charge magnitude and configuration of the system.

The relationship between electric and magnetic fields as functions of charges and currents.

By a sweep generator or an external signal applied to the horizontal input terminal.

Junction Transistor, FET, MOSFET, SCR, DIAC, and TRIAC.

The electrostatic force does work on the particles, changing the potential energy.

The control grid.

Total deflection d = d1 + d2 = (1.30)

A high voltage section for the CRT and a low voltage section for the associated electronic circuitry.

Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.

It determines the electrical conductivity.

The angular momentum of an electron is an integral multiple of h/2π.

The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education.

Director (Vocational & Training), CBSE.

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Amplitude of electrical signal as a function of time.

An indirectly heated thermionic cathode.

To evaluate knowledge and skill outcomes related to the unit.

In volts, and it is numerically equal to the ionization energy in electron volts.

Newton per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m).

The wavelengths of light emitted and absorbed by hydrogen.

Time = l/v.

They gyrate in opposite directions.

Thomas Alva Edison in 1883.

It is the energy equal to the work required to move a single elementary charge through a potential difference of one volt.

Voltage over time.

An electromagnetic radiation of frequency is emitted.

January 2018.

It increases with velocity and approaches infinity as velocity approaches the speed of light.

The atom becomes an ion with an overall positive or negative charge.

Electronics Technology as a Vocational Course.

To display shapes of alternating current and voltages and measure voltage, current, and power.

They are represented by s, p, d, f corresponding to l=0, 1, 2, 3, respectively.

To visualize electrical signals and analyze waveforms.

Vacuum tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.

Two hours for each exercise.

SSI has <100 components, MSI has >100 and <1000, LSI has >1000 and <10000, and VLSI has >10000 components per chip.

Electrons deviate towards deflection plate A due to their negative charge.

Competent educationists in the field of Electronics and Communication in association with CBSE.

The analogy between the motion of electrons and a bullet fired from a gun.

S is inversely proportional to the final anode voltage and directly proportional to the lengths of the deflecting plates and the screen.

Geoffrey W. A. Dummer in 1952.

The voltage required to displace the spot by 1mm on the screen.

It is the reciprocal of the deflection factor, expressed in mm/V.

Class XI.

Fixed Resistors and Variable Resistors.

It is equal to the difference in potential energy per unit charge between those two points.

GP Pant Government Engineering College, Okhla, New Delhi.

Coulomb per second, or Ampere (A).

The stream of moving charge.

It generates an electron beam and creates images on a phosphor screen.

To describe the force acting on a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields.

Atoms, atomic energy levels, electrons, field intensity, potential energy, current and current density, electric and magnetic fields, motion of charged particles, and Cathode Ray Oscilloscope.

The potential difference needed to free a bound electron from an atom or molecule.

It may not be reproduced by any person or agency in any manner.

Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus.

The electric field has no effect on the particle’s motion in that frame.

Cathode Ray Tube, Vertical Amplifier, Delay Line, Trigger Circuit, Time Base Generator, Horizontal Amplifier, Power Supply.

Resistors, voltage sources, batteries, semiconductors, diodes, and transistors.

E = V / d, where V is the potential difference and d is the distance between the plates.

It changes the direction of the electron beam using voltages applied to horizontal and vertical deflection plates.

It deflects the beam in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.

Coulomb force.

By reducing the anode voltage, although this reduces the brightness of the spot.

Electromagnetic interactions result from the exchange of photons.

It acts on the electron beam emitted from the electron gun over a length l.

Overview of Atom, Sub Atomic Particles & CRO.

Atom.

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

It combines transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors on a single chip.

It is derived from the word 'electron'.

Protons: positive, Electrons: negative, Neutrons: no charge.

Analog ICs, large-scale integration (LSI), and very-large-scale integration (VLSI).

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They denote the electronic shells for n=1, 2, 3, 4, respectively.

The design, fabrication, and application of electronic devices.

It emits electrons, transforms them into a narrow beam, and focuses the beam on the fluorescent screen.

It moves in a straight line at an angle θ.

Simple language, pictorial illustrations, and examples.

A three-element tube invented by Lee de Forest in 1906.

The application of radio occurred in 1912 with the birth of the Institute of Radio Engineers in the USA.

Transistors are compact, lightweight, low-cost, consume less power, and have a longer life.

Electrons are deflected by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to their path.

To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.

Temperature affects the conductivity by increasing it as temperature rises.

Understanding the history of electronics and fundamental elements such as atoms and their components.

It describes the flow of charge through a cross-section of a conductor, equal to current per unit area.

Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor Company.

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Troubleshooting radio and television receivers, design, development, and analysis of electronic circuits.

The motion of electrons in a vacuum, gas, or semiconductor.

Pressure, strain, temperature, acceleration, etc.

The basics of electronics in a sequential manner.

Protons and neutrons.

Potential energy per unit charge is independent of the charge magnitude.

Electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths with quantized angular momentum.

It accelerates the beam after it is deflected, mitigating the disadvantage of reduced brightness.

To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending diversities.

A region where mobile charge carriers are depleted, creating a barrier.

The number of orbital electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the N-type material.

The invention of the Electron.

The frequency at which charged particles gyrate in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.

A number of electrodes in the CRT.

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To show an input signal versus another signal or versus time.

Atoms, atomic energy levels, field intensity, current density, electric and magnetic fields.

The Braun tube.

They must be equal.

F = qE, where F is the force, q is the charge, and E is the electric field intensity.

In the order of 10 V/m.

To activate the time base generator using a signal from the vertical input terminal or an external trigger signal.

The invention of the transistor by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.

To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.

Bohr's radius (a), which is approximately 5.291 × 10⁻¹¹ m.

Electrons, protons, and neutrons.

When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the P-type material.

A condition where the diode conducts in reverse bias due to high voltage.

F = (1.24)

They are essential for comprehending the behavior of charged particles and their interactions.

It characterizes the electron’s bond strength in the atom or molecule.

Exercise: Question & Answer.

The point contact transistor was invented by Brattain and Bardeen.

The bandwidth of the amplifier.

F = k * (q1 * q2) / r², where k = 1/(4πε₀).

Because the attraction between the electron and nucleus does not collapse at this radius.

A diode that converts light into electrical current.

To improve stability and bandwidth of the amplifier.

d = (1.28)

Both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); it is a vector field.

B and H, where H is measured in amperes per meter and B in teslas.

The Fundamental Duties of every citizen.

2mv = eV, where m is mass, e is charge, and V is the accelerating anode voltage.

A semiconductor diode formed by joining P-type and N-type materials.

It is a duty to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired India's national struggle for freedom.

To regulate voltage in circuits.

The persistence of the screen and human eye.

The proton is fixed in place due to its greater mass compared to the electron.

F = ma, where F is the Coulomb force and a is the centripetal acceleration.

The relationship between voltage and current in the diode.

As two interrelated aspects of a single object called the electromagnetic tensor.

Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

It absorbs kinetic energy from the cathode ray and re-emits it as light.

On the twenty-sixth day of November, 1949.

The orbital radius r is quantized and can be expressed as r = an for n=1,2,3…

To provide opportunities for education to his/her child or ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

It allows current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.

The deflection of the spot on the screen per unit magnetic field, expressed in mm/gauss.

Neutrons are neutral particles that have a mass nearly equal to that of protons and are found in the atomic nucleus.

A circuit that uses a Zener diode to maintain a constant output voltage.

A circuit that generates a continuous output signal.

The mass of a proton is 1837 times greater than that of an electron.

The energy barrier that must be overcome for current to flow.

A light-emitting diode that emits light when current flows through it.

A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers.

To control power in electrical circuits.

They differ due to different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Common Base (CB), Common Emitter (CE), and Common Collector (CC).

A circuit that increases the voltage from a lower level to a higher level.