Why are the relations between the cavities in the skull important?
Click to see answer
They are of extreme importance for the function and protection of vital structures.
Click to see question
Why are the relations between the cavities in the skull important?
They are of extreme importance for the function and protection of vital structures.
Where do fontanelles lie?
At the ends of main sutures.
What is one function of fontanelles during birth?
They allow the skull to shrink in size.
What does the skull contain to accommodate vital structures?
Multiple cavities.
What does H&N stand for in anatomical terms?
Head and Neck.
What is another type of lateral fontanelle?
Mastoid (asterion).
What role do fontanelles play during childbirth?
They facilitate the passage of the skull through the birth canal by allowing compression.
What causes a depressed skull fracture?
Typically caused by a blunt force trauma to the head.
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air-filled extensions that project into surrounding bones.
What compartment of the head is responsible for vision?
Orbits.
What is the primary structure discussed in HSF 3 Head & Neck Lecture 1?
The Skull.
What are lateral fontanelles?
Paired fontanelles located in the skull.
What extends laterally from the regions of the ear apparatus?
The external parts of the ears.
What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?
Cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscles.
How many fontanelles are there?
Six in number (2 unpaired & 2 paired).
What is the inferior boundary of the neck?
Extends from the top of the sternum, along the clavicle, and onto the adjacent acromion.
What do the two orbits contain?
The eyes.
Which compartment of the head houses the brain?
Cranial cavity.
What compartments are involved in respiration and digestion?
Nasal cavities and oral cavity.
What is the function of the buttress system in the facial skeleton?
To absorb and transmit forces applied to the facial skeleton to stronger bones.
How many bones make up the human skull?
22 bones.
What are the boundaries of the neck?
The neck extends from the head above to the shoulders and thorax below.
What is a Lefort I fracture?
A horizontal fracture that separates the maxilla from the upper facial skeleton.
What do external forces do to the facial skeleton?
They can cause disruption until a critical level is reached.
What is a Lefort III fracture?
A fracture that results in complete separation of the facial skeleton from the cranial base.
What is the role of certain components in the facial skeleton when external forces are applied?
They prevent disruption until a critical level is reached.
How do paranasal sinuses relate to the nasal cavities?
They are continuous with the nasal cavities.
What are the walls of the orbits made of?
Bone.
What is one type of lateral fontanelle?
Sphenoidal (pterion).
What is caput succedaneum?
Swelling of a baby's head caused by pressure during delivery.
How does the height of the posterior neck compare to the anterior neck?
The posterior neck is higher than the anterior neck.
What are the posterior openings of the nasal cavities known as?
Choanae (posterior nasal apertures).
What forms the compartments of the head?
Bone and soft tissues.
Which horizontal buttress forms the roof of the mouth?
Maxillary palate.
What is the primary focus when describing the Head and Neck?
Regions, structures, and their relations to each other and other regions.
Where is most of the ear apparatus located?
Within one of the bones forming the floor of the cranial cavity.
What forms the floor of the oral cavity?
Soft tissues.
What is the anterior opening of the oral cavity called?
Oral fissure (mouth).
What is the name of the vertical buttress associated with the pterygoid region?
Pterygomaxillary buttress.
What common feature do all Lefort fractures share?
They all involve fractures of the maxilla and surrounding facial structures.
In which direction is the apex of each orbit cone directed?
Posteromedially.
How does the bony skull pass through the birth canal?
The fontanelles allow the skull to compress and fit through the birth canal.
What is the superior boundary of the neck?
Along the inferior margins of the mandible and features on the posterior aspect of the skull.
What are processes, prominences, and lines in the skull primarily used for?
For soft tissue attachments.
What are the anterior openings of the nasal cavities called?
Nares (nostrils).
How do the oral fissure and oropharyngeal isthmus differ from the nares and choanae?
They can be opened and closed by surrounding soft tissues, while nares and choanae are continuously open.
Which horizontal buttress forms the rim of the eye socket?
Orbital rims.
How is the midface anchored to the cranium?
Through the buttress framework.
Who are the authors of the content?
Sereinity, Eva, Sandrina, Ultima.
What are fontanelles?
Soft spots on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fused.
What are the spaces between some neurocraneal bones called?
Fontanelles.
What anatomical structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities?
The palate.
What is the structure of the skull primarily defined by?
Its bones and their arrangement.
What characterizes a Lefort II fracture?
A pyramidal fracture that involves the maxilla, nasal bones, and the orbital floor.
What is the posterior opening of the oral cavity?
Oropharyngeal isthmus.
How many major compartments does the neck have?
Four major compartments.
What is a vertical buttress associated with the nasal and maxillary region?
Nasomaxillary buttress.
What happens to the facial skeleton when external forces exceed a critical level?
Fractures occur.
What are the nasal cavities?
The upper parts of the respiratory tract located between the orbits.
What are the main structural components of the walls, floors, and ceilings of the nasal cavities?
Predominantly composed of bone and cartilage.
Which vertical buttress connects the zygomatic bone to the maxilla?
Zygomaticomaxillary buttress.
What are the main compartments of the head?
Cranial cavity, ears, orbits, nasal cavities, and oral cavity.
What shape are the orbits?
Cone-shaped chambers.
Which compartment of the head contains the organs for hearing?
Ears.
What is the primary function of foramina in the skull?
To provide passage for vessels and nerves.
What glands are found in the visceral compartment of the neck?
Thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus glands.
What is contained in the two vascular compartments of the neck?
Major blood vessels and the vagus nerve.
Where are the orbits located in relation to the cranial cavity?
Immediately inferior to the anterior aspect of the cranial cavity.
What are the thin segments of bones encased and supported by?
A more rigid framework of 'buttresses'.
What is a depressed skull fracture?
A type of skull fracture where a portion of the skull is pushed inward.
What parts of the body pass through the visceral compartment?
Parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
What is the horizontal buttress located at the forehead region?
Glabella.
What horizontal buttress is associated with the zygomatic bone?
Zygomatic processes.
How are Lefort fractures classified?
Into three types: Lefort I, Lefort II, and Lefort III, based on the level and pattern of fracture.
How is a depressed skull fracture diagnosed?
Usually diagnosed through imaging techniques like CT scans or X-rays.
What are the potential complications of a depressed skull fracture?
Can lead to brain injury, infection, or neurological damage.
What treatment options are available for a depressed skull fracture?
May include surgery to elevate the depressed area and repair any underlying damage.
What can open and close the base of each conical orbit chamber?
The eyelids.
